Nicolas Malebranche
| Nicolas Malebranche | |
| French philosopher | |
| Modern era | |
 | |
| Birth | 5 August 1638 ( Paris ) |
|---|---|
| Deaths | 13 October 1715 ( Paris ) |
| School / tradition | Cartesianism |
| Main interests | Metaphysics , morality , religion |
| Notable ideas | Occasionalism Vision in God |
| Influenced by | St. Augustine , Descartes |
| Influenced | Leibniz , Hume , JJ Rousseau , de Maistre , de Bonald |
change  | |
Nicolas Malebranche was born in Paris on 5 August 1638 and died in Paris on 13 October 1715 , is a philosopher , theologian and priest Oratorian French , considered as a Cartesian. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of Augustine and Descartes. Malebranche is best known for his doctrine of ideas in the Vision of God and occasionalism enabling it to demonstrate the active role of God in every aspect of the world and the entire length of the soul vis--vis God.
Summary |
From a father treasurer of Richelieu , he was the last of ten or thirteen children (the number varies depending on sources). Due to a malformation of the spine, he studied at home until age 16. Then he studied at the College de la Marche and graduated in 1656 the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Paris , he studied for three years of theology at the Sorbonne. After being appointed secretary to the king in 1658, he joined the Oratory in 1660, after the death of his mother and his father a few weeks apart. So he became an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1699.
Metaphysics
The metaphysics is fundamental in the thought of Malebranche:
- "They want me to do metaphysics. I really believe this is very necessary and that I should have more ease than many. It's good that should fix everything metaphysical, and although I will try to establish the principal truths which are the basis of religion and morality. (Letter)
Reason and changes
Metaphysics is thus the true foundation of all fields of thought and action. Two rational principles of Malebranche can be stated:
- "Nothing is more evident, that all creatures are special beings, and that reason is universal and common to all minds. "
- "Man is not in itself its own light. "
What the man is for himself a mystery, and so is the reason that is the object of thought.
Existence of God
What we think is the be , because nothing thinking is not thinking at all. We believe, therefore, Being there: for Malebranche, the cogito Descartes is immediate proof of the existence of God. This being is the pure and simple, being without restriction, without division, without limitation, "In a word be. "As we think, we are a fragment of this being:
- "All human individuals involved to be, but no equal. Being contains everything, but all creatures and created and possible, with all their multiplicity, can not fill the vastness of being. "
This creature is discovered by us in all our ideas emanating from the infinite. Before the idea that we can make ourselves before any certainty about the reality of the world outside, we see ourselves in the infinite in ourselves, that is to say God
- "But it is not true of the infinitely perfect, we can not see that in itself, for there is nothing that can represent finite infinity. One can not see God there, we can see the essence of a being infinitely perfect without seeing its existence we can not see simply as possible; understands nothing , nothing can represent. So if you think about it, there must be. " References
Bibliography
Works by Malebranche
- The search for truth. Where one deals with the nature of the Spirit of man, and the use he must do to avoid the error in Science (1674-1675) Text on Wikisource
- Treaty of nature and grace (1680)
- Christian Conversations
- Moral treatise
- Discussions on metaphysics, religion and death (1688)
- Treatise on the Love of God
- Maintenance of a Christian philosopher and a Chinese philosopher on the existence and nature of God (1708)
- Letters to the Dortous Mairan
- Reflections on physical premotion
- Collection of all responses to Mr. Arnold
Publishing Malebranche
- Complete works, the Editions du CNRS , under the direction of Andr Robinet , 20 volumes, 1958-1967
- Works, Gallimard, coll. "Pleiades", 2 vols., 1979
- t. I: In Search of Truth, Christian conversion, 1872 p.
- t. II: Treaty of nature and grace, Meditations Christian and metaphysical, moral treatises, Conversations on metaphysics, religion and death, Letter of Malebranche on the efficacy of ideas, Treatise on the Love of God , Maintenance of a Christian philosopher and a Chinese philosopher, Letters to Dortous of Mairan, 1424 p.
Studies Malebranche
- Victor Delbos , Studies in the Philosophy of Malebranche, Paris, 1924.
- Leon Olle-Laprune , The Philosophy of Malebranche, 1870.
- The philosophy of imagination in Vico and Malebranche, by Paolo Fabiani Florence University press
- Fabiani, Paolo. The philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche (Florence: Florence University Press, English edition 2009).
- Henry Gouhier
- Malebranche's philosophy and his religious experience, Vrin, 1926.
- The vocation of Malebranche, Vrin, 1926.
- Martial Guroult , Malebranche, 3 vols., 1955-9.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty , The Union of the soul and body Malebranche, Biran and Bergson, 1978, Vrin, 1997.
- Ginette Dreyfus
- Will by Malebranche, Vrin, Paris, 1958.
- Philosophical commentary of the Treaty of nature and grace of Malebranche, Vrin, Paris, 1958.
- Genevieve Rodis-Lewis , Nicolas Malebranche, Paris, 1963.
- Andr Robinet , System and existence in the work of Malebranche, Paris, 1965.
- Josef Reiter , System und Praxis. Zur kritischen Analyse der Metaphysik im Denformen neuzeitlicher Werk von Malebranche, Freiburg-Mnchen, 1972.
- Ferdinand Alqui
- Cartesianism Malebranche, Paris, 1974. Text partially online See also
Related articles
External Links
- Cartesianism Malebranche, Paris, 1974. Text partially online See also
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