National Guard 1831
The National Guard is an armed militia created during the French Revolution and composed of private citizens charged with maintaining order in their city and their neighborhood. Officially abolished in 1827 , the National Guard is restored in 1830 when the Three Glorious Days.
Summary |
French Revolution
The resurrection of the National Guard in 1830
Under the July Monarchy , the National Guard was placed on 16 August 1830 , under the direction of La Fayette , who was appointed Commander of the National Guard of the kingdom. From the 29 August 1830 , Louis-Philippe reviews the Paris National Guard, 60,000 men strong. Before the cheers of the taxpayers in arms, he exclaimed, embracing La Fayette: "It is better for me than the coronation of Reims! "There is no better shows the importance attached to the militia of the plan, the guarantor of public order and the alliance of the July Monarchy and owners.
National Guard demonstrates its importance in December 1830, at the trial of the ministers of Charles X , she manages to maintain calm in Paris. Louis-Philippe, who visits the December 23 , the twelve districts of the Parisian guard to express its appreciation, is relieved, but he also realizes the danger for the monarchy to be dependent on a single force to ensure public order: it will therefore ask the Minister of War, Marshal Soult , reorganize the army without delay line. It also decides to get rid of La Fayette, too unreliable in his eyes.
On December 22 , the king wrote to Lafayette to thank him for giving "in these days of trial, an example of courage, patriotism and respect for the laws" National Guard of Algiers (1831) A National Guard battalion comprising 500 Europeans and placed under the command of a former French officer of the Grand Army was created in Algiers , French colony in 1831. Article 69 of the revised Charter had referred to a law "5 The organization of the National Guard, with the intervention of the National Guard in the choice of their officers." Came under discussion on 24 December 1830 , the project is voted on March 5 by Members, 10 peer and promulgated on 22. The National Guard is responsible for defending the constitutional monarchy , the Charter and the rights enshrined therein, to maintain obedience to the laws, maintain or restore international peace and public order. However, any resolution passed by the National Guard on state affairs, department or municipality is an affront to civil liberty and a crime against the State and the Constitution (Article 1). The National Guard is theoretically composed of all French people aged 20 to 60 years (Articles 2 and 9) but the law distinguishes between regular service and reserve service (Article 19), the distribution between the two being made by the Board of recruitment policy, which calls to regular duty as those who can afford to pay the cost of clothing and weapons and the necessary time for the service. Also finds there be in regular service, the only one squad, as wealthy men: this gives the character keeps his militia, the bulwark against disorder owners. Civilian force, it is organized in each county (Section 4) and placed under the authority of the mayors, prefects and the Minister of Interior (Article 6). The refusal of service is punished by several days of detention. Under the July Monarchy , the National Guard, the militia system, plays a crucial role. In Paris, for the duration of the reign of Louis Philippe , the National Guard has nearly 2,000 victims. National Guards are recruited mainly among the middle classes, they must prove they pay personal taxes and buy their own equipment. However, the vast majority of them are not fortunate enough to reach the hundred of 200 francs of direct taxes required to participate in the election of deputies by the Electoral Law of 19 April 1831. However, they believe that if the plan expects them to shed their blood to defend him, he must concede their participation in political affairs: the expansion of the census is therefore a permanent claim in the National Guard. In January 1840 , while the House of Representatives deliberates on the address to the king, hundreds of National Guardsmen and Paris appear to claim the right to vote. Committees are launching a very important movement in favor of petitioner political rights of national guards, because all do not vote. This movement will stretch from 1838 to 1842 and will fail to influence the electoral law. They are received by Jacques Laffitte them said: "In calling for electoral reform, you are being faithful to the spirit of the July Revolution, which appeared for a moment compromised by those who had the task of consolidating the . Moreover, the reforms, when they become necessary, are the best condom revolutions. " In a proclamation of 14 January 1840 , the Marshal Gerard , senior commander of the National Guard of the Seine and close to the king, condemned these events on behalf of the Law of 22 March 1831 which prohibits any deliberation of the Guard affairs of state, department or municipality. Manipulated during the February days in 1848 in favor of Republicans, Napoleon III 's confines during the Second Empire in menial tasks to reduce his influence and liberal Republican. During the Franco-Prussian War , she took a key role, including through the Government of National Defence which gives all its importance . However, the participation of the National Guard to the Paris Commune permanently deletes the 14 March 1872. The organization of the National Guard (Act of 22 March 1831)
The evolution of the National Guard in the nineteenth century (1831-1872)
References
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