National Congress Belgium
The National Congress is the first legislature of Belgium , in charge of drafting the Constitution.
History
The National Congress . Louis De Potter , dean of the Provisional Government gave the inaugural speech, which took on the subject of freedom , constitutional rights and equality before the law .
The 12 , 15 , 17 and 18 November , there struggled with the question of national independence . 18, the Assembly by a decree confirming the independence of Belgium, already proclaimed by the provisional government on Oct. 4. On November 19 , we discussed the form of government .
By a vote of 22 November 1830 (174 votes against 13), he chose the system of constitutional monarchy . This regime was diplomatically the only possible choice and was voted the next day a decree forbidding the exercise of any power in Belgium.
On November 25 began discussions on the constitution . The 13 , 14 and December 15 , Congress debated the issue of the Senate .
Congress begins to search for a sovereign. Joseph Lebeau proposes 19 January 1830 Augustus Leuchtenburg , who declined the offer . On January 25 , fifty-two members argue the application of the Duc de Nemours . The latter was elected by Congress on February 3 in the second round of voting:
- First round: 1 Louis d'Orleans, Duke of Nemours (89 votes out of 191), 2 Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenburg (67 votes), 3 Charles, Archduke of Austria , the last Governor General of Netherlands Austria (35 votes).
- Second round: 1 Louis d'Orleans, Duke of Nemours, (elected 97 votes out of 192), 2 Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenburg (74 votes), 3 Charles, Archduke of Austria (21 votes) .
On February 7 , Congress adopted the constitution.
King Louis Philippe of Belgium refused the crown to his son on February 17 1831. The meeting then decided to elect a regent. On 24 February 1831 , Baron Erasme-Louis Surlet Chokier was chosen and elected by 108 votes out of 156 (against 43 votes for Count Felix de Merode and 5 votes for Baron Etienne de Gerlache ).
On 4 June 1831 , proposed by Joseph Lebeau, Congress elected Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha as king of the Belgians (by 152 votes out of 196).
The election of a king by an assembly elected by ordinary citizens is relatively rare. This election makes the Belgian monarchy at the time strangely modern , democratic and even somewhat "republican" as the very word Pirenne .
On 9 July 1831 , Congress adopted the Articles XVIII of the Treaty.
In August 1831 , Congress was dissolved and replaced by the Parliament recently elected.
Alphabetical list of members of Congress
- Lactantius Allard
- Joseph-Olivier Andries
- Charles Annez of Zillebroeck
- Count Jean-Baptiste Ansembourg
- Count Philip of Arschot Schoonhoven
- Count Joseph de Baillet
- Jean Barbanson
- Anthony Bartholomew
- Pierre Baugniet
- Louis Beaucarne
- Nicolas Berger
- Charles Bergeyck
- Theodore Berthels
- Felix Bethune
- Francis Joseph Beyt
- Adolphe Bischoff
- Andre Biver
- Charles Blargnies
- Peter Blomme
- Comte Gustave de Bocarm
- Jacques Bosman
- Joseph Philip Knight Boucqueau Villeray
- Viscount Philippe de Bousies
- Viscount Charles dung Rouveroy
- Jean-Baptiste Brabant
- Leopold Bredart
- Victor Buylaert
- Joseph Buyse
- Cartuyvels Hyacinthe
- Emmanuel Cauvin
- Count Philippe de Celles
- Jean-Baptist Claes
- Peter Claes
- Emmanuel Claus
- Albert Cogels
- Henry Cogels
- Jean-Francois Collet
- Jean-Baptiste Collars
- Charles Coppens
- Louis Coppens
- Charles Coppieters Stochov
- Feuillien of Coppin Falan
- Count Ferdinand Cornet de Grez
- Philippe Corten
- Nicolas Crute
- Peter Dams
- Peter David
- Gilles Davignon
- Henry Dayen
- Nicolas Behr
- Charles Brouckre
- Henri de Brouckre
- Franois De Coninck
- Joseph Decker
- Eugene Defacqz
- Abbot Of Desire Haerne
- Gustave de Jonghe
- Vicomte Auguste de Jonghe of Ardoye
- Francois de Langhe
- Josse Delehaye
- Louis Delwarde
- Edmond de Man
- Felix De Melenaere
- Jean de Neeff
- Jean-Pierre Denef
- Alexandre De Robaulx
- Charles De Roo
- Stone Ryckere
- Viscount Charles Desmanet of Biesme
- Camille De Smet
- Eugene De Smet
- Joseph De Smet
- Louis Desmet
- Charles Destouvelles
- Pierre Destriveaux
- Laurent-Franois Dethier
- Paul Devaux
- Theodore Deville
- Henry Dewandre
- William of Hanen
- Antoine Dhanis
- Francis Domis
- Pascal Dreze
- Ferdinand Du Bois
- Franois Du Bus
- Guillaume Dumont
- Earl Duval Dieudonn de Beaulieu
- Francis of Elhoungne
- Isidore Fallon
- Theophilus Fallon
- Louis Fendius
- Jacques Fleussu
- Abbot of Leon Foere
- Joseph Smith
- Emmanuel Francis
- Eugene Fransman
- Jules Frisian
- Nicolas Gelders
- Jean-Baptiste Gendebien
- Jean-Franois Gendebien
- Alexander Gendebien
- Etienne de Gerlache
- Louis Geudens
- John de Leeuw Ghisbert
- Ferdinand Goethals
- John Goethals
- Pacific Goffint
- Robert Helias of Huddeghem
- Clement de Hemptinne
- Jean-Franois Hennequin
- Henry Ignatius
- Edouard d'Huart
- Philippe Huysman of Annecroix
- Louis Jacobs
- Theodore Jacques
- Joseph Jamine
- Augustin Janssens
- Jean-Baptiste Joos
- Lucien Jottrand
- Jean-Baptiste Kockaert
- Knight Justin Labbeville
- Francois Lardinois
- Joseph Lebeau
- Louis Le Begue
- Charles Theodore Le Bon
- Mathieu Leclercq
- Charles Le Coq
- Albert Lefebvre
- Gerard Le Grelle
- The Hon Charles
- The Hon Francis
- Francois Lesaffre
- Baron Auguste de Leuze
- Baron Pierre de Liedel of Well
- Charles Liedts
- John Maclagan
- Guillaume Marcq
- Jean-Bernard Marlet
- Jacques de Martigny
- Hubert Masbourg
- Ferdinand de Meeus
- Maximilien de Melin
- Count Felix de Merode
- Earl Werner de Merode
- Pierre Morel
- Leon Mulle
- Gerard Nagelmackers
- Gustave Nalinne
- Albert Nopena
- Jean-Baptiste Nothomb
- Theodore Olislagers of Sipernau
- Jean-Baptiste Omalius
- Leonard Ooms
- Henri Orban
- Alexander of Oreye
- Baron Jean Osy
- Count of Emile Oultremont
- Antoine Peemans
- Pierre Peeters Egidio
- Baron Jean de Plichy
- Jean-Baptiste Peten
- Alexander Picquet
- Jean Pirmez
- Francois Pirson
- Jean-Baptiste Pollin
- Florimond of Quarre
- Jean-Joseph Raikem
- Earl Clement Renesse
- Count Francois de Robiano
- Rodenbach Alexander
- Constantin Rodenbach
- Marquis Charles de Rodes
- Marquis Francois Rodriguez Evora y Vega
- Olivier Roels
- Jean-Baptiste Roeser
- Charles Rogier
- Leonard Rosseuw
- Edouard de Rouille
- Nicolas Rouppe
- Etienne de Sauvage
- Louis Schiervel
- Louis Sebille
- Baron Francois de Secus
- Baron Frederick Secus
- Michel-Laurent de Selys Longchamps
- Pierre-Guillaume Seron
- Jean-Baptiste Serruys
- Mathias Simons
- Ferdinand Speelman
- Baron de Stassart Goswin
- Baron Francois de Stockem
- Felix Struye
- Baron Erasme Surlet Chokier
- Charles Surmont Volsberghe
- Pierre Teuwen
- Chevalier Bartholomew Theux of Meylandt
- Jean Thienpont
- Lambert Thonus
- Jean-Baptiste Thorn
- Rutger of Tiecken
- Marquis Georges de Trazegnies
- Pierre Trentesaux
- Constant Van Crombrugghe
- P. Van de Kerchove
- Baron Francois Van den Broucke of Terbecq
- Henri Van den Hove
- Michel Van der Belen
- Peter Vander Linden
- Baron Joseph van der Linden of Hooghvorst
- Lievin Van der Looy
- Sylvain Van de Weyer
- Leonard Van Dorpe
- Eugene Van Hoobrouck of Mooreghem
- Henry Van Innis
- Pierre Van Meenen
- Franois Van Snick
- Baron Joseph Van Volden of Lombeke
- David Verbeke
- Henry Vercruysse
- Verduyn desired
- Jean Vergauwen
- Baron Jean Verseyden of Varick
- Pierre-Antoine Verwilghen
- Charles Vilain XIV
- Hippolyte Vilain XIV
- Count Philippe Vilain XIV
- Guillaume de Viron
- Baron Louis de Waha
- Jacques Wallaert
- Constantine Wannaar
- Nicolas Watlet
- Joseph Werbrouck
- Baron Alphonse de Woelmont
- Paul Wyvekens
- Marquis d'Yve Theodore Bavay
- Charles Zoude
- Leopold Zoude
List of members of Congress by district
Province of Antwerp (18 members)
Antwerp district (8 members)
- Jean-Baptist Claes , lawyer
- Albert Cogels , banker
- Cogels Henry , shopkeeper
- Antoine van Dhanis Cannart , banker
- Fernando Wood , owner
- Louis Jacobs , attorney
- Gerard Le Grelle , banker
- Baron Jean Osy , banker
- Joseph Werbrouck-Pieters , trader
District Mechelen (5 members)
- Knight Philip Joseph Boucquau of Villeraie , ecclesiastical
- Jacques Bosmans , brewer
- Count Francois de Robiano , owner
- Domis Francis , owner
- Jean-Baptiste Joos , trader
arrondissement of Turnhout (5 members)
- Jean-Pierre Denef , trader
- Louis Geudens , Magistrate
- Karel Theodoor The Good , pharmacist
- Leonard Ooms , avoaat
- Aegis-Pierre Peeters , notary
Province of Brabant (27 members)
district of Brussels (14 members)
- Jean Barbanson , lawyer
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- Baron Franois Joseph Beyt , lawyer
- Count Ferdinand Cornet de Grez , owner
- Count Philip of Arschot Schoonhoven , owner
- Count Antoine de Celles , owner
- Guillaume de Viron , owner
- Philippe Huysman of Annecroix , owner
- Lucien Jottrand , lawyer
- Jean-Baptiste Kockaert advocaat
- Albert Lefebvre , Magistrate
- Guillaume Marcq , owner
- Ferdinand Meeus , banker
- Nicolas Rouppe , lawyer
- Sylvain Van de Weyer , Counsel
- Baron Joseph van der Linden of Hooghvorst , owner
- Baron Joseph van Volden of Lombeke , owner
- Baron Jean-Jacques Verseyden of Varick , owner
Borough of Louvain (7 members)
- Peter Claes , lawyer
- Philippe Corten , ecclesiastical
- Antoine-Franois d'Elhoungne , lawyer
- Jean de Neeff , annuitant
- Louis Swert , banker
- Antoine Peemans , commeraznt
- Jean-Baptiste Petten , lawyer
- Henri van den Hove , owner
- Michel van der Belen , Magistrate
- Pierre Van Meenen , lawyer
- Peter Vander Linden , a clergyman
Nivelles (6 members)
- Baugniet Pierre , owner
- Berthels Theodore , MD
- Jean-Baptiste Cols , lawyer
- Count de Baillet Joseph , owner
- Clement de Hemptinne , notary
- Maximilien de Melin , an official
- Theodore Devill , owner
- Albert Nopena , Magistrate
- Paul Wyvekens , lawyer
Province of West Flanders (28 members)
district of Bruges (5 members)
- Charles Coppieters Stochov , Magistrate
- Leon de Foere , ecclesiastical
- Felix De Melenaere , Magistrate
- Baron Jean-Marie van Plichy Huerna , owner
- Paul Devaux , lawyer
Borough Diksmuide (2 members)
- Buylaert Victor , doctor, merchant
- Pierre Morel-Danheel , trader
Borough of Ypres (4 members)
- Franois de Coninck , Magistrate
- Francois de Langhe , owner
- Leon Mulle , lawyer
- Jean-Baptiste Pollin , ecclesiastical
- Felix-Struye Provoost , trader
Kortrijk arrondissement (7 members)
- Felix Bethune , trader
- Adolphe Bischoff , trader
- Buyse Joseph , shopkeeper
- Ferdinand Goethals , trader
- John Goethals , trader
- Francois Lesaffre , owner
- Leonard Rosseeuw , lawyer
- Leonard Van Dorpe , trader
- Pierre Verbeke , ecclesiastical
- Henri-Bruneel Vercruysse , trader
Borough of Ostend (2 members)
- John MacLagan , brewer
- Jean-Baptiste Serruys , lawyer
arrondissement Roeselare (3 members)
- Haerne desired , ecclesiastical
- Alexander Rodenbach , industrial
- Constantin Rodenbach , MD
Borough of Tielt (3 members)
- Charles-Joseph de Roo , lawyer
- Jacques Wallaert , ecclesiastical
- Vicomte Auguste de Jonghe of Ardoye , owner
district of Veurne (2 members)
- Edmond de Man , owner
- Olivier Roels , lawyer
Province of East Flanders (35 members)
Borough of Aalst (6 members)
- Louis Delwarde , lawyer
- Antoine de Meer Moorsel , proprietor
- Eugene Fransman , lawyer
- Constant Van Crombrugghe , ecclesiastical
- Lievin Van der Looy , solicitor
- Eugene De Smet , Magistrate
district of Dendermonde (4 members)
- Pierre-Adrien Blomme , lawyer
- Joseph Decker , trader
- Baron Francois van den Broucke of Terbecq , owner
- Charles Vilain XIV , owner
Arrondissement of Eeklo (2 members)
- Joseph-Olivier Andries , ecclesiastical
- Louis Le Begue , lawyer
district of Ghent (12 members)
- Charles Coppens , Officer
- Louis Coppens , official
- Gustave de Jonghe , owner
- Marquis Charles de Rodes , the owner
- Stone Ryckere , lawyer
- Joseph-Jean De Smet , ecclesiastical
- Josse Delehaye , lawyer
- Robert Huddeghem of Helias , Magistrate
- Ferdinand Speelman-Rooman , trader
- Charles Surmont Volsberghe , eigenaar
- Henry Van Innis , Owner
- Jean-Goethals Vergauwen , trader
- Wannaar Constantine , lawyer
district of Oudenaarde (5 members)
- Beaucarne Louis , an official
- Camille De Smet , trader
- Charles Liedts , lawyer
- Jean Thienpont , Magistrate
- Eugene van Hoobrouck of Mooreghem , owner
Borough of Saint-Nicolas (6 members)
- Charles Annez Zillebeke , owner
- Charles Bergeyck , official
- William of Peers-Hanen , lawyer
- Augustin Janssens , MD
- Jean-Baptiste van de Kerchove , ecclesiastical
- Verduyn desired , ecclesiastical
- Pierre-Antoine Verwilghen , trader
- Burggraaf Philippe Vilain XIV , owner
Province of Hainaut (30 members)
Borough of Ath (5 members)
- Leopold Bredart , official
- Edward Rust , owner
- Baron Frederick Secus , owner
- Eugene Defacqz , Magistrate
- Franois Van Snick , lawyer
Borough of Charleroi (5 members)
- Marquis Georges de Trazegnies , owner
- Guillaume Dumont , industrial
- Jules Frisian , lawyer
- Jean-Baptiste Gendebien officer
- Gustave Nalinne , lawyer
- Jean Pirmez , owner
district of Mons (6 members)
- Charles Blargnies , lawyer
- Emmanuel Claus , lawyer
- Viscount Philippe de Bousies , owner
- Baron Francois de Secus , owner
- Count Dieudonne Val de Beaulieu , owner
- Gendebien Alexander , lawyer
- Pacific Goffint , lawyer
- Alexander Picquet , lawyer
Borough Soignies (4 members)
- Earl Werner de Merode , owner
- Marquis d'Yve Bavay Theodore , owner
- Jean-Franois Gendebien , lawyer
- Marquis Francois Rodriguez Evora y Vega , owner
- Count Gustave Visart of Bocarm , owner
Borough Thuin (3 members)
- Viscount Charles dung Rouveroy , owner
- Baron Auguste de Leuze , owner
- Louis Sebille , lawyer
Borough Tournai (7 members)
- Lactantius Allard , attorney
- Emmanuel Cauvin , trader
- Franois Du Bus , lawyer
- Charles Le Cocq , trader
- Count The Hon Charles , attorney
- Franois Le Hon , notary
- Pierre Trentesaux , Magistrate
Province of Limburg (17 members)
Borough of Maastricht (7 members)
- Nicolas-Joseph Crute , Magistrate
- Count Jean-Baptiste Ansembourg , owner
- Count Felix de Merode , owner
- Comte Clement de Renesse-Breidbach , owner
- Rutger of Tiecken of Terhove , owner
- Charles Destouvelles , lawyer
- Jean-Franois Hennequin , owner
- Viscount Vilain XIV Charles Ghislain , owner
Borough of Roermond (5 members)
- Henri de Brouckre , Magistrate
- Baron Pierre de Liedel of Well , Owner
- Baron Louis de Schiervel , owner
- Nicolas Gelders , owner
- Theodore Olislagers of Sipernau , owner
Borough of Hasselt (5 members)
- Charles de Brouckre , official
- Chevalier Bartholomew Theux of Meylandt , owner
- Baron Alphonse de Woelmont of Opleeuw , owner
- Lawrence Joseph Jamin , lawyer
- Baron Erasme Louis Surlet Chokier , owner
- Pierre Teuwen , industrial
Province of Liege (19 members)
district of Liege (9 members)
- Nicolas Behr , Magistrate
- Etienne-Constantin de Gerlache , lawyer
- Etienne de Sauvage , lawyer
- Baron Francois de Stockem-Mean , owner
- Destriveaux Pierre , an official
- Baron Joseph-Louis de Waha , owner
- Dewandre Henry , lawyer
- Jean-Baptiste Omalius-Thierry , owner
- Alexander of Oreye , Magistrate
- Count of Emile Oultremont , owner
- Mathieu Leclercq , Magistrate
- Gerard Nagelmackers , banker
- Henri Orban-Rossius , industrial
- Jean-Joseph Raikem , lawyer
- Charles Rogier , lawyer
Verviers arrondissement (5 members)
- Jean-Franois Collet , annuitant
- Pierre David , industrial
- Gilles Davignon , trader
- Laurent Dethier , lawyer
- Pascal Drze , Magistrate
- Francois Lardinois , industrial
borough Ware (2 members)
- Cartuyvels Hyacinthe , lawyer
- Michel-Laurent de Selys Longchamps , owner
- Jacques Fleussu , lawyer
arrondissement de Huy (3 members)
- Joseph Smith , lawyer
- Joseph Lebeau , lawyer
- Ghisbert Jean de Leeuw , owner
Province of Luxembourg (16 members)
Arelerland (2 members)
- Nicolas Berger , Judge
- Jean-Baptiste Nothomb , lawyer
Borough of Bastogne (1 member)
- Hubert Masbourg , lawyer
district of Diekirch (2 members)
- Mathias Simons , attorney
- Nicolas Watlet , lawyer
district of Grevenmacher (2 members)
- Peter Dams , Magistrate
- Jacques D'Martigny ,
Luxembourg District (3 members)
- Andre Biver , MD
- Louis Fendius , lawyer
- Jean-Baptiste Roeser , banker
- Jean-Baptiste Thorn , lawyer
Borough Market (2 members)
- Dayen Henry , manager
- Theodore Jacques , an official
- Lambert Thonus , industrial
Borough Neufchteau (2 members)
- Jean-Bernard Marlet , owner
- Leopold Zoude , industrial
Virton District (2 members)
- Emmanuel Francois , lawyer
- Baron Edouard d'Huart , an official
Province of Namur (10 members)
Borough of Namur (5 members)
- Jean-Baptiste Brabant , lawyer
- Knight Justin Labeville , owner
- Florimond of Quarre , owner
- Viscount Pierre-Charles Desmanet of Biesme , owner
- Baron de Stassart Goswin , owner
- Charles Zoude , lawyer
- Theophile Fallon , owner
- Isidore Fallon , lawyer
Borough Philippeville (2 members)
- Robaulx Alexander , lawyer
- Pierre-Guillaume Seron , official
Dinant arrondissement (3 members)
- Feuillien of Coppin Falan , owner
- Ignatius Henry , lawyer
- Franois Pirson , owner
Literature
- Adolf Bartels, Flanders and the Belgian revolution, Brussels, 1834.
- Emile Huytens, Discussions of the National Congress of Belgium, 1830-1831, Brussels, 1844.
- Theodore Just, the National Congress, 2 vols., Brussels, 1880.
- BUS WARNAFFE Leon, The National Congress of the correspondence of Francis Louis Bus, a member of that Congress, General Review, 1904.
- Leon, BETHUNE, The election of the first king of the Belgians by the National Congress, Brussels, 1905.
- Louis DE LICHTERVELDE, National Congress of 1830. Studies and portraits. Brussels, 1922.
- Leon BUS WARNAFFE BEYAERT & CARL, The National Congress. Biographies of the members of the National Congress and the Provisional Government, Brussels, 1930.
- Theo LUYCKX, Politiek Geschiedenis van Belgi van 1789 tot heden, Brussel, 1964.
- Magita Michel De Volksraad into opstelling van de Belgische Grondwet van 7 februari 1831. Een bijdrage tot van de Belgische wordingssgeschiedenis konstitutie, doctoraatsthesis VUB, 1977.
- The descendants of members of Congress National de Belgique, Brussels, 1980.
- Luc FRANCOIS, intellectual REVOLUTIONARY bedrijvigheid: een elitewijziging? Casus: de Oostvlaamse van Advocaten 1830, Belgian Journal of Contemporary History, 1981, pp. 535-579.
- Michel Magita, socio-samenstelling Politiek van de Volksraad (10 november 1830 to 1821 juli 1831), Belgian Journal of Contemporary History, 1981, pp. 581-608.
- John Gilissen, the collegial nature of the earliest forms of government and administration of the Belgian State (1830-1831), Belgian Journal of Contemporary History, 1981, pp. 609-639.
- Els Witte, Jan Craeybeckx & Alain Meynen, Politiek Geschiedenis van Belgi van 1830 tot heden, Standaard Uitgeverij, Brussel, 1981.
- Philippe RAXHON, Memory of the French Revolution of 1789 and the Belgian National Congress (1830-1831), Belgian Journal of Contemporary History, 1996.1-2, pp. 33-83.
- A. OF Dijn, A pragmatic conservatism. Montesquieu & the framing of The Belgian constitution (1830-1831), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Departement Moderne Geschiedenis, Leuven, 2002.
References
- Pasinomie , 3rd Series, Volume I, 1833, Provisional Government, November 10, 1830, "Opening of the National Congress" (Official Gazette No. 29), "Opening".
- It should be noted that the National Congress was finally convened on 11 November 1830. See Pasinomie , 3rd Series, Volume I, 1833, Provisional Government, 11 November 1830, "On the Provisional Government of Belgium" (Official Bulletin No. 31.).
- Raxhon Philippe , "Memory of the French Revolution of 1789 and the Belgian National Congress (1830-1831)" in Belgian Journal of Contemporary History, XXVI, 1-2, p. 33-83, 1996 See also
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