Narbonne Gaul

44 N 4 E / 44, 4

The Roman province of Narbonne

Narbonne Gaul by AH Dufour, 1846, Gaul under the Roman Empire.

Narbonne Gaul means for historians of the nineteenth ^century a province of the Roman Empire founded from the first colony founded by the Romans in the southern territory of present France , between the Alps and Pyrenees from 118 BC. In reality, the consular administration and dictatorial, senatorial and imperial Roman singled in a plastic often:

• the Transalpine Gaul after the pacification of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.
• the Roman Gaul to distinguish it from the hairy Gaul after the conquest of Gaul by Caesar. The terminology "Transalpine" was also maintained.
• Narbonne after the reorganization and eventual demise of Gaul by Emperor Augustus in the early Christian era. Narbonne placed under the control of the great city of Narbonne was born at the same time as Belgium , the Lyon and Aquitaine. There is no question of Gaul (s) except in literature and scholarship.
• Narbonnaises the first and second, the result of internal redistribution by widespread throughout the Roman administration of the Second Empire under Diocletian born.

Finally, note that the Provence or "Provincia Romana" appears only very late. The embryo of territorial management in the early ^fifth century this gets that designation after the occupation Ostrogothic, especially in the Frankish capture 523/24.

The colony , colony original Narbonne , located on the Mediterranean coast near the Aude , give its name to the Roman Province , named Narbo Martius, city dedicated to March. Aix-en-Provence , under the name of Aquae Sextiae , is founded at the same time in -122.

This area gets a colonial status to Provincia romana - 70. She was also known Braccata, the name referring to trousers (braccx), by the people, as opposed to Cisalpine Gaul (conquered by Rome around the year -200), where the wearing of the Roman tunic had already imposed the population, at least in cities.

Rome occupies the region in several campaigns between -125 and -121, including those of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus. The occupied zone extends to Tolosa (Toulouse) and to Lake Geneva, creating a land link between the territories of Spain and Gaul Cisalpine. The Greek colony of Massilia ( Marseille ) and its hinterland are free within an enclave of Narbonne. The province received, however, may be his official status (lex provinciae) after the passage of Pompey in 70 BC.

In -109 , the region was ravaged by the Cimbri , the Teutons , the Ambrones during the episode of the war of the Cimbri.

Julius Caesar , Proconsul of Narbonne from -58 to -49, made it his base for the conquest of Gaul , and ended in -49 conquest of Narbonne Massalia and annexing territory, which had sided with Pompey.

With the Empire from 27 BC. AD , with the principality of Octavian became Augustus , Narbonne will grow in importance.

The Emperor Augustus comes to Narbonne and stayed there for identifying Gauls and organize their territory. In 22 BC. AD , he reorganized the administration of the "Province" of Transalpine Gaul in senatorial province under the authority of the Roman Senate. Having established the capital at Narbonne , it took the name of "Province of Narbonne Gaul." This territory was divided into 22 cities around. Cities or civitates sizes were very uneven. The largest resumed quite often, almost exactly, the limitations of older people: it was so for the city of Allobroges ( Vienna ), Nemausus ( Nimes ) for the city of Volques Arcomiques said, the city of Cavares with Avignon , Cavaillon and the colony of Arausio ( Orange ), or the city Federated Voconces with Vasio and Lucus Augusti as capitals ( Vaison-la-Romaine and Luc-en-Diois ).

Narbonne is one of the largest commercial ports Mediterranean at the crossroads of two major Roman roads, the Domitian of Italy in Spain by Narbonne Gaul, built and -118 through Aquitania departing from Narbonne to Toulouse and Bordeaux.

The surrounding countryside is shared in large agricultural areas, are grown wheat, olives and vines, which produces fine wines.

Narbonne is experiencing a period of splendor in the first two centuries AD, when the resources of the land and the sea and road crossings were exploited intensively.

A text of Pliny the Elder described Narbonne Gaul, and gives us valuable insight into how it was perceived in Rome in the ^first century:

"Narbonensis appellatur provincia quae pars Galliarum interno adluitur husband, Bracata antea dicta ab Italia amne Varo discreta Alpiumque Romano imperio vel saluberrimis iugis, a relic Gallia latere vero northern montibus Cebenna and Iuribus, agrorum cultural, virorum morumque dignatione, amplitudine opum nulli provinciarum postferenda breviterque Italia Verius quam provincia.

"We call Narbonne province, part of Gaul on the shores of the Inland Sea. Formerly named Bracata , it is separated from the Italian by the river "Var" and the heights of the Alps , the safer natural barrier to the Roman Empire. But in the north it is separated from the rest of Gaul by the mountains of the Cevennes and the Jura ; Narbonne province should not be considered the last of the provinces because of the quality of its crops, the respectability of its inhabitants and their traditions, and its abundant resources. In short, more like the Narbonne to Italy as a mere province. "

In ^the fourth century , under the tetrarchy , Narbonne Gaul was divided into three provinces, all connected to the praetorian prefecture of Gaul

• The Narbonne which included the first part of the Rhone to the west, bounded on the east by the Rhone and the Mediterranean Sea , west by 3 Aquitaine, south by Spain. Its capital was Narbonne (Narbo Martius), leading his people were " Tectosages , Arecomici , Sardone , Tolosates , Atacini , Helvii , Umbranici.

• The Narbonne second: part of Provence and Dauphin. It was not contiguous to the first but Narbonne was bounded on the west by the Viennese, to the east by the province of Alpes Maritimes. His people were the main " Albioeci , Common , Salyes ", were designed to capital Aix.

• The Viennese : western part of the Dauphine and Provence plus Venaissin County , one of the seventeen provinces of Roman Gaul formed at the expense of the former Narbonne. It included "the Savoyards , the Segovellaunes the Helvii the Tricastins the Voconces and Cavares , it had its capital Vienna. In ^the fifth century it was divided in turn into two provinces which had respectively Vienne and Arles as capitals.

During the great invasions from the year 406, the first Narbonne was gradually occupied by the Visigoths , the Viennese and Narbonne formed the second semi-final with Italy Rome, before being shared between the kingdom to 476 Burgundian kingdom and of Odoacer.

List of cities in ancient Gaul, Narbonne

• Agatha ( Agde )
• Calida aquae ( Amlie-les-Bains )
• Sextiae aquae ( Aix-en-Provence )
• Arelate Sextanorum ( Arles )
• Arausio Secundanorum ( Orange )
• Antipolis ( Antibes )
• Avennio Cavarum ( Avignon )
• Iulia Vulgientium apta ( Apt )
• Alebaece Reiorum Apollinarium ( Laugh )
• Helvorum Alba ( Alba )
• Augusta Tricastinorum ( Saint-Paul-Trois-Chteaux )
• Anatilia
• Aerea
• Baeterrae Septimanorum ( Bziers )
• Bormani ( Bormettes )
• Coman
• Cabellio ( Cavaillon )
• Carcasum Volcarum Tectosagum ( Carcassonne )
• Cavarum Valentia ( Valencia )
• Cessero ( St. Thibry )
• Carantorate Meminorum
• Caenicenses
• Cambolectri Atlantic ( Cambon )
• Custoja ( Coustouges )
• Clusa ( The Cluses )
• Colonia Augusta Vocontiorum Dea ( Die )
• Cularo ( Grenoble )
• Forum Julii ( Frejus )
• Forum Voconii ( Le Cannet des Maures )
• Glanum ( Saint-Remy-de-Provence )
• Illiberis ( Elne )
• Lucus Augusti ( Luc-en-Diois )
• Massilia ( Marseille )
• Narbo Martius ( Narbonne ) (Capital)
• Nemausus ( Nimes )
• Portus Veneris ( Port-Vendres )
• Telo Martius ( Toulon )
• Vasio Vocontiorum ( Vaison-la-Romaine )
• Allobrogum Vienna ( Vienna )
• Valentia ( Valencia )

See also

Internal Links

• Volques Arcomiques
• Volques Tectosages
• Roman Governor
• Via Aurelia
• Domitian
  • Via Fenollentis
  • Via Confluentana
  • Via Vallespiri

Bibliography

• Stphane Drmont David Louka (edited by), "Between the Rhone and Pyrenees aspects of material life Narbonne in Gaul between the late first century av. And the sixth century AD AD. AD ", to be published by Mr. Mergoil, coll. Archaeology and History of Rome, Montagnac.
• Stphane Drmont, "Romanization and land in Transalpine Gaul (II ^e - ^first century BC.)" Article in Denying Mr. Benoit, Mr. Passelac, Ch Pellecuer, P. Garmy dir. "Signs of Romanization," Chronic I, Revue Arch. of Narbonne 31, 1998, p. 301-306.
• Bats Michel Bernard Dedet, Pierre Garmy, Thierry Janin, Claude and Martine Raynaud Schwaller, Indigenous territories in Gaul and the Mediterranean - A Tribute to Guy Barruol, Montpellier: Journal of Archaeological Narbonne - Suppl. 35, 2003, 586 p.
• Dom and Dom Vaisette Work, General History of Languedoc - Volume I, Editions Privat Chu and Claude for the Library of Introuvables, 2003 ^(1st edition in the nineteenth ^century), 1290 p.
• Pierre Gros, Narbonne Gaul - from the Roman conquest ⁱⁿ the third century AD. J.-C., Paris: ditions Picard, 2008, 166 p.

• Ancient Rome portal

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