Musical Instrument
Any object capable of producing a sound controlled by a musician , it is designed, modified or rejected its use, can be considered a musical instrument. The voice or hands , even if they are not objects, are regarded as musical instruments if they participate in a musical work.
Summary |
Its mode of attack, shape and material of his sounding board, support or otherwise of its vibration, the musical instrument determines the stamp , one of four characteristics of sound with height, length and intensity. The progress of musical acoustics to better understand the components of the harmonic spectrum specific to each sound source.
A musical instrument is divided into two distinct parts:
- one that creates the vibration,
- which transforms this vibration into a stamp that characterizes it.
Whatever their subject, the instruments are classified by their method of sound production: the organology is the detailed study of these tools music makers and their different categorizations. The timbre of these instruments can sometimes be transformed by an accessory such as mutes for strings and brass, or a kazoo for voice.
To make a sound, vibration can be created from a string , a column of air or percussion , instruments can combine several systems, the latest range from electro to virtual.
String instruments
Material, size and varied in size, a rope can be rubbed, or pinch hit.
- Strings (or stringed instruments),
- - bowed stringed instruments such as violin , or hurdy-gurdy ,
- - Plucked Instruments such as guitar or harpsichord or the harp
- - Strings hit like piano or dulcimer.
Wind Instruments
The air column of wind instruments (or aerophones) can be produced by the breath of the musician, by a mechanical blower or an air pocket.
- Voice exploits all the possibilities of the mucous membranes of the larynx ( vocal cords ).
- - Instrument bevel , like all flutes or games mouth organ,
- - free reed instrument like harmonica or accordion ,
- - single reed instruments such as clarinets or saxophones ,
- - double reed instrument like the oboe or bassoon.
- Brass instruments use vibrating lips to a mouth like the trumpets , the cornetts or the didgeridoo and the horns , the trombones and tubas.
NB Contrary to this classification might suggest, this is not the material used in instrument-which is decisive, but rather how to produce sound. Thus, if there are flutes and clarinets in metal and wood, all are part of the wood. The saxophone is a brass built in wood because it has a spout with a beating reed. There are also brass manufactured wood, such as cornetts and the snake.
Percussion instruments
The percussion , in particular sound or not, include any instrument by which a body strikes another.
- Keyboards (or lamellaphones, idiophones his determined), a series of blades provided wooden or metal rods as affected by the xylophone or the steel drum ;
- Accessories (idiophones or his unknown) ... all others: the triangle with the maracas.
NB The drums were subdivided by theorists "membranophones" and "idiophones" (like "chordophone" and "aerophone", these terms are little used and out dictionaries). The development of this large family (over 500) in the twentieth century , and especially instruments "keyboards" or "slats" imposed this new categorization for both drummers and teachers alike. - Strings hit, like the piano or dulcimer.
Instruments Combination
Instruments combining several methods for vibrating:
- Mechanical instruments , such as serinette or barrel organ.
- Claviorganum combining organ and harpsichord driven by the (s) even (s) keyboard (s).
From the virtual electromechanical
- Electromechanical device , such as the Hammond organ or Yamaha CP80 ,
- Electronic musical instrument , like the Theremin and Ondes Martenot ,
- lectroanalogique instrument , such as Moog Micromoog (analog synth) or the Yamaha DX7 and Roland Fantom X8 (digital synthesizers)
- Virtual instrument of Atari to Macintosh.
Museums
The Museum of Musical Instruments (MIM), established in Brussels in 1877 , held in the premises of a beautiful Art Nouveau building a collection of over 8000 instruments: Western instruments, mechanical, electrical and electronic instruments, traditional European instruments in the world. In 1964 , opened in Rome, the National Museum of Musical Instruments , which brings together a unique collection of 3,000 instruments of antiquity to the present day, covering all musical genres. In 1999, was opened in Ouagadougou (BURKINA FASO), the Music Museum which contains a collection of traditional musical instruments of the country's ethno-cultural land.
Lists of musical instruments
- List of musical instruments
- List of musical instruments by geographical areas
- List of manufacturers of musical instruments
See also
Related articles
External Links
- Virtual museum with photos and sound clips
- Comprehensive list and illustrations of musical instruments
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