Mohammed V Of Morocco

Mohammed V
Sultan, then King of Morocco 1 (21 th monarch Alawite)
Mohammed V, 5 December 1957
Reign
17 November 1927 - 20 August 1953 16 November 1955 - 3 March 1961
Enthronement	18 November 1927
Dynasty	Alawite
Royal Anthem	Anthem Shereefian
Predecessor	Moulay Youssef
Successor	Mohammed ben Arafa Hassan II
Heir	Moulay El Hassan
First (s) minister (s)	Mohammed el-Mokri Mbarek Bekka Ahmed Balafrej Abdullah Ibrahim
Other functions
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Biography
Birth name	Mohammed ben Youssef El Alaoui
Birth	10 August 1909
	Fez ( Morocco )
Deaths	26 February 1961
	Rabat ( Morocco )
Father	Moulay Youssef
Mother	Lalla Yaakout
Spouse (s)	1) Lalla Abla bint Tahar 2) bint Mamoun 3) Lalla Bahia
Descent	First wife: Prince Moulay El Hassan Princess Lalla Aisha Princess Lalla Malika Second wife: Princess Lalla Fatima az-Zahra
Monarchs of Morocco

Mohammed V ibn Yusuf (in Arabic : ), born 10 August 1909 in Fez and died on 26 February 1961 in Rabat , was Sultan ( 1927 - 1953 ) and King ( 1957 - 1961 ) of Morocco after independence in 1956.

This dynast Alawite maintained from 1944 the Istiqlal , the leading Moroccan independence movement and opposed the continuation of French rule. Consequently, it was filed on 20 August 1953 and was forced into exile (successively Corsica then Madagascar ) until 16 November 1955.

It is still considered by many as the "Father of the modern Moroccan nation" (Abb al-Watan al-Maghribi). He was awarded the Order of the Companions of the Liberation by Charles de Gaulle , then president of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.

Early reign (1927-1939)

He is the youngest son of four Moulay Youssef , Sultan of Morocco from 1912 to 1927 under the French protectorate. On the death of his father in 1927, a year after the end of the Rif War , he was chosen by the French authorities as sultan in place of his two elder brothers. He therefore succeeds in making himself popular with the Moroccan population.

During World War II

The Dahir of 31 October 1940 implementing in Morocco the status of Jews is scheduled for implementation from 1 January 1941. The Jewish officials losing their jobs, and many are recycled in the trade. The king is not perceived as being responsible for these measures imposed by Vichy .

After the Anglo-American landing in North Africa in November 1942 , he received the Anfa Conference (Casablanca) in 1943 , receiving support from other U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt , and recognized CFLN of General de Gaulle.

It supports early with his son, Prince Moulay Hassan (later King Hassan II ), the Moroccan nationalist movement founded by Mohammed Allal El Fassi Istiklal for 1937 and Bel Hassan El Ouazzani for IDPs (Party for Democracy and independence) which signed the Manifesto claimed by January 11, 1944 Morocco's independence. He also denounced the French repression of riots in Rabat , Sal , Casablanca , Fez and the arrest of nationalist leaders of the Istiqlal and the PDI.

The struggle for independence (1944-53)

In 1947, he went further in his claims with the speech in Tangiers in 1947 where he demanded independence, the union of Arab and Morocco's adherence to the Arab League (founded 1945 ) which he made an apology emphasizing the close ties between Morocco and the entire Arab world.

Therefore, relations became strained with the French authorities, particularly with the new resident general, General Alphonse Juin who applied stringent measures and put pressure on the sultan that he disavows the Istiqlal and stands nationalist claims. The rupture with France was consumed in 1951 and Mohammed V concludes with nationalist pact Tangier to fight for independence. The appointment of a new resident general, General Augustin Guillaume , accentuated the divisions between Mohammed V and France. New events veered into a riot in Morocco in 1952 , particularly in Casablanca while Mohammed V gave the Moroccan cause an international audience at the UN with the support of the United States.

The deposition and exile (1953-55)

The Mohammed V mausoleum , on 12 August 2005.

In 1953, General William then maneuvered with other Moroccan elites, including Glaoui , pasha of Marrakesh , the Ulema and the tribes Fez Berber and took place Mohammed V to place his uncle, Mohammed Ibn Arafa , while on the throne that Mohammed V refused to abdicate. The arrest and subsequent deportation of the Sultan, first in Corsica, then Madagascar (at Antsirabe from 1954 , had the opposite intended effect. It welds the Moroccan federation behind their sultan and the nationalist movement Mohammed V behind a wave of violence and bombings in major cities and in the Rif shook Morocco, while at the same time breaking out the war in Algeria in 1954 and that the same policy triggered the same effects in Tunisia against the Neo-Destour of Habib Bourguiba.

The worsening situation in 1955 , the Moroccan nationalists receiving support in Libya, Algeria (with the FLN) and Egypt's Nasser (which lived in exile Abd el-Krim , former leader of the rebellion of the Rif in the 1920s) forced the French government to negotiate and to remind the sultan.

Return and independence (1955-56)

In September 1955, General George Catroux met him in Madagascar. From 2 to 6 November 1955, after his return to France and the abdication of Mohammed Ibn Arafa ^1, Mohammed V, with the president of the French cabinet, Antoine Pinay , the agreements of La Celle Saint-Cloud which put in place the process of transition towards independence. He also forgave Glaoui, came to worship at Saint-Germain-en-Laye called a week after its restoration.

On 16 November 1955, he made his return to Morocco with her young son, Prince Moulay Hassan and was greeted triumphantly by the Moroccan population. March 2, 1956 ended the French protectorate, while the Spanish ended to his April 7. Morocco was independent and Mohammed V was the main architect.

After independence (1956-61)

He signed in May 1956 a friendship treaty with France which maintained armed forces in Morocco until 1963. They helped Mohammed V to suppress many insurrections, especially in the south and the Rif. In 1957 he took the title of king of Morocco, to symbolize the unity of the country despite the divisions between Arabs and Berbers.

In terms of domestic policy, he allowed his return on 1 ^st Congress of the Istiqlal that various governments formed under his reign. He authorized the creation of unions, but the unrest and strikes led him to take full powers in the last year of his reign.

On the diplomatic front, he supported decolonization and the emergence of the Third World by helping the Algerian FLN in Algeria during the war and supporting Patrice Lumumba and the Congolese National Movement in the independence of Belgian Congo in 1960.

On 26 February 1961 the king was asleep by general anesthesia in the clinic of his palace in Rabat, to undergo a routine surgery on the septum: it would never awoke and died from the operation. His son succeeded him eight days later under the name of Hassan II.

Mohammed V of Morocco and the Jews

Upon accession to the throne of Mohammed V, the Jews felt that a radical change would take place between the Jews and their sovereign.

The new king, who ascended the throne in 1927 , was exactly the opposite of what was expected the French. They wanted a docile king they found him as a nationalist who gradually emerged as leader of the struggle for independence, and as regards the Jews, he systematically obstructed the racist actions that the Vichy government wanted impose the Jews of Morocco. With each new Vichy law, the sovereign took up the confrontation with the Resident-General, a fierce defense of the Jews, taking care to remember each time that Jews and Muslims also were his subjects and he would not suffer any discrimination among his children.

Jews expressing their reverence to a sovereign, whom they found still help and consolation, with songs: "And may God glorify our lord the Sultan, the worthy grand-son of Moulay Hassan. Whether still living in loyalty, he and his family. " It was to echo what was said Mohammed V, on the feast of the throne in 1944, addressing the Jews: "As Muslims, you are my subjects and as such, I will protect you and you love, believe me you will always find in me the help you need. Muslims are and always have been your brothers and friends. "

The day of the disappearance of the sovereign, Jews feel great sorrow and went out into the streets to mourn and share the grief of their Muslim brothers. The chief rabbi of Sefrou , David Obadia then uttered the eulogy: "Lord our God, and that of our fathers . The leaders of the Moroccan Jewish community, Serge Berdugo and Azoulay working with the Yad Vashem Memorial to the late King Mohammed V of Morocco received a posthumous title of "Righteous Among the Nations" in recognition of its efforts to protect Jews Morocco during the Holocaust. The application of this distinction is supported by Shimon Peres , Israel's president.

Family

Mohammed V with its six children in exile in Madagascar , 1954

Lalla Abla , his second wife (died 1992 ) is the mother of Hassan II , his successor.

• Lalla Fatima Zahra , born June 29, 1929, (the first marriage of Mohammed V)
• Lalla Aicha , born June 17, 1930 at Rabat (the second marriage of Mohammed V Lalla Abla )
• Lalla Malika , born March 14, 1933 at Rabat (the second marriage of Mohammed V)
• Moulay Abdellah , born 30 July 1935 in Rabat , who died in 1983 (the second marriage of Mohammed V)
• Lalla Nuzha , born in 1940 in Rabat , who died in 1977 (the second marriage of Mohammed V)
• Lalla Amina , born in Madagascar on 8 April 1954 (the third marriage of Mohammed V Lalla Bahia died in September 2008)

Decorations

• Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
• Companion of the Liberation

Miscellaneous

On 26 July 1929 , St. Lucian , Resident General of Morocco at that time, invited the Sultan of Morocco, Sidi Mohammed ben Youssef (later Mohammed V) then aged 19, who, on holiday in Luchon , accompanied by his grand vizier and his interpreter, were ceremoniously received at the town hall Marignac. They have placed all three of their signature in Arabic in the register of deliberations.

References

See also

Related articles

• Speech of Tangier
• History of Morocco
• List of rulers of Morocco
• Alawite Dynasty
• Government Mohammed V

External Links

• Links Mohammed V of Morocco and history
• Mausoleum of Mohammed V in Rabat
• Testimony Persons on the official site of Mohammed V in Morocco
• Links Mohammed V of Morocco and history on the site of the fiftieth anniversary of its return to power
• The biography of Muhammad V on the website of the Ordre de la Libration
• A Sultan in Madagascar, article by Frederick Garan (Lecturer in History), No. 33 Expressions magazine

Preceded by	Mohammed V of Morocco	Followed by
Youssef	Alawite Dynasty	-

Preceded by	Mohammed V of Morocco	Followed by
-	21 th monarch Alawite	Hassan II

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