Mirza Husayn Ali
Mirza Husayn-`Al Nuri, born 12 November 1817 in Tehran , Iran and died on 29 May 1892 , in Persian: ), surnamed Bah'u'llh (in Persian : , is the origin of religion Baha'i , establishing itself as the latest in a long line of revelations through striking teachers (Manifestations of God) such as Krishna , Abraham , Moses , Buddha , Zoroaster , Jesus , Muhammad , the Bb , and Bah'u'llh. He proclaimed the coming unification of humanity and the emergence of a global civilization. Baha'u'llah claimed to be the Promised One of the religions of the past came at the end of time, bring the peoples of the world towards justice and prosperity to the Golden Age of the history of mankind.
He was the disciple of the Bab ( in 1819 - one thousand eight hundred fifty ), who claimed to be Al-Qaim His family Mirza Husayn-`Al Nuri was born in Tehran ( Iran ) on 12 November 1817 (2nd day of Muharram Ap.H. 1233 ), in a wealthy family of the aristocracy Persian, who owned large estates and whose origins date back to the dynasties of ancient Persia, Imperial . His father, Mirza Abbas-i-Nuri ( ), better known as Mirza Buzurg, was the son of Mirza Rida-Quli Big, son of Mirza Abbas Kh n Karbil', son of Haji Muhammad-Rida Big son of Aqa Muhammad 'Ali, son of Aqa F kh r (n. 1618 ), son of Sh ahryr-Hasan . He was renowned for the quality of his calligraphy and served as vizier (minister) from the Imam Mirza Virdi, the twelfth son of Fath-`Al Sh ah Qajar ( 1771 - 1834 ), who was chief of the clan Qajar. Mirza Buzurg was later appointed Governor of Burjird and Luristan. His business prospered until the death of Fath-`Al Sh ah and accession to the throne in 1834 by Muammad Sh ah Qajar ( 1810 - 1848 ). He suffered the animosity of the vizier Haji Mirza QASEA, which he criticized the actions, lost his job and most of its vast property and then decided to withdraw in Iraq . He died there in 1839 and was buried in Vadi al-Islam in Najaf , where lies the tomb of Imam `Al. Mirza Buzurg had seven wives, including three concubines, and at least 15 children. His second wife was named Kh Kh adjih Anum and was the mother of Mirza Husayn-`Al Nuri, better known by the title of Bah'u'llh . One of his concubines named Ku ch ik Kh Anum was the mother of Mirza Yahya Nuri, the Bab appointed as his successor under the title of Subh-i-Azal ( 1,831 - in 1912 , "Dawn of Eternity"). These two half-brothers became major figures of Babism their opposition and created a schism within the movement between their supporters, called respectively "Baha'i" and "Azalea. Mirza Husayn `Ali Nuri, had 14 children of his three wives and no concubine. He married in accordance with the laws and customs of the society of his time, before that monogamy is enjoined in the Kitab-i-Aqdas. His first wife syih Kh Anum ( v 1820 - 1886 ) was the daughter of a Persian nobleman, Mirza Isma'il-i-Vaziri, and married Bah'u'llh in Tehran by Islamic law in September-October 1835. Bah'u'llh has Navvab and said it was "his wife for eternity in all worlds of God." From their union were born seven children, only 3 survived infancy: 'Abbas Effendi ( 1844 - 1921 , who will head the community after the death of his father under the title of `Abdu'l-Bah:" Servant of Baha "), Kh Bahyyih Anum ( one thousand eight hundred forty-six - 1932 ) and Mirza Mihdi ( 1848 - 1870 ). His second wife Fatimih Kh Anum ( 1,828 - 1904 ), better known as the Mahdi-i-'Uly, was his cousin and married in Tehran in 1849 , when they were Babis. From their union were born six children, only 4 lived to adulthood: Samadyyih (daughter died in 1904 -05), Mirza Muhammad-`Al ( 1852 - 1937 ), y'u'llh (daughter 1864 - 1898 ) and Badia 'u'llh ( 1868 - 1950 ). He married his third wife Gawhar Kh Anum Baghdad some time before he had declared his mission, and she had one daughter Furu yyih gh. The nineteenth century in Persia is a period of profound technical, political and social. The Qajar dynasty, founded in 1794 , managed to restore national unity and initiated reforms to modernize the country under pressure from Russia to the north and Great Britain to the east, who opposed the "Grand Game ' geostrategic dominance in the region. With the coming to power of Qajars, merchants of the Bazaar (Bazaar) and religious leaders ('ulama) Shia Twelver acquired influence and power within a feudal society and remained subject to patronage , the nepotism and corruption. The year one thousand eight hundred and forty-four (1.26 thousand ap.H.) saw the emergence of a millenarian religious movement and reformist Babism (in Persian: = Bab h), founded by a young merchant of Shiraz named Siyyid Mirza 'Ali Muhammad IRAZ sh ( 1 819 - one thousand eight hundred and fifty ) and dubbed the Bb (Arabic: = "Gate") . He declared to be announced in Al-Qaim Islamic traditions and expected by Muslims before the "Day of Resurrection and Judgement" to regenerate and the triumph of Islam. Initially perceived as a mere attempt to reform society, his message is later revealed to be actually the birth of a new religion independent of Islam and spread like a prairie fire through Persia, affecting all segments of the population, from the humblest peasant most eminent scholar. Shiite clerics do not have tolerated this challenge to their authority and their power and put pressure on the grand vizier Haji Mirza QASEA to suppress this movement and exile in the Bab Azerbaijan in the fortresses of Mah-ku ( 1847 - 1 848 ) and Ch ihrq ( 1848 - 1850 ). Bbs rose while the "black flag" of the "holy war" in ursn Kh but were defeated after a year of siege fortified mausoleum Sh aykh Tabarsi ( 1848 - 1849 ) in the Mazindaran . New rebellions in the provinces of Fars and Zanjan decided the grand vizier Mirza Taqi Kh year ( 1807 - 1852 ) to drown the rebellion in blood and to shoot the Bb in the courtyard of the barracks Tabriz on 9 July 1850 . The attempted assassination of the king of Persia Niri'd-Din Shah Qajar ( 1,831 - 1896 ) by three Bbs on 15 August 1852 , was the signal for a savage repression and widespread, watched in dismay and military Western diplomats witnessed the events. The community was virtually wiped babie and Bbs who escaped death or jail were forced into exile or into hiding. Mirza Husayn-`Al Nuri Babism rapidly converted at the age of 28 years and became one of the leaders of this movement, in particular the organizing conference Bada sh t (June-July 1848 ) which marked the final separation of the Babism with Islam, and during which he officially took the title of Bah'u'llh. In the days that followed the assassination attempt against Niri'd-Din Shah Qajar, Bah'u'llh was arrested and escorted by a humiliating way, walking without shoes or hat, to the capital Tehran to be locked in the dungeon of the Siyah-Ch Al (the "black hole"). Is chained in the dark, cold and the stench of the dungeon, he lived a mystical experience after which he declared to be "Him Whom God shall make manifest" (Man yuhiruhu'llh, Arabic: and Persian: ) announced by the Bb . As he enjoyed strong protection, his enemies hesitated to kill him like any other Bbs and decided to confiscate all his property and then to exile with his family as far as possible, hoping his death. Bah'u'llh left Tehran on 12 January 1853 (1st day of Rabiul 'th - Th Ani ap.H. 1269) and traveled to Baghdad in a very harsh winter to reach its destination the 8 April 1853 ( 28th day of Jamdyu 'th - Th ap.H. Ani 1269). He discovered the refugee community Bbs in disarray, and tried to restore. But faced with conflict and strife, he retired as a hermit in Kurdistan under the pseudonym Darvi sh Muammad-i-Iran to live and meditate in the mountains of Sar-Galu near the town of Sulaymnyyih (Takyiy-i -Mawlana). He left Baghdad on 10 April 1854 (12th day of Rajab 1270 ap.H.) and did not return the 19 March 1856 (12th day of Rajab 1272 ap.H.) at the request of Bbs to resume leadership of the community . His growing influence began to worry his opponents, which asked the Ottoman authorities to exile him further. About to leave Baghdad to go into exile in Constantinople , Bah'u'llh declared publicly his entourage that he was "Him Whom God shall make manifest" promised by the Bab, while he was in the gardens of Najbyyih (nicknamed "Garden of Ridvan," gardens of paradise ") of 22 April 1863 (3rd day of Dh-I'l Qa'dih ap.H. 1279) on 3 May 1863 (14th day of Dh I'l-Qa 'dih ap.H. 1279) . This event is celebrated annually by Bah's as the "festival Rezvani. Baha'u'llah went to Constantinople on 3 May 1863 and arrived there on 16 August 1863 (1st day of Rabi-ul-Avval ap.H. 1280). But there remained only a short time because his opponents took quickly realized the danger posed by his presence at the heart of the Ottoman Empire. It was therefore once again banished to the margins of empire in the European part of Turkey. Bah'u'llh stayed in Adrianople of 12 December 1863 (1st day of Rajab 1280 ap.H.) on 12 August 1868 (22nd day of Rabiul 'th - Th Ani ap.H. 1285); It is from this city he announced his mission in the world and its political and religious leaders. It is also in this city that the opposition of his half-brother, Subh-i-Azal became official: he had been appointed by the Bb to lead the community babie until the coming of "Him Whom God make manifest " and rejected the claim of Baha'u'llah to be that character. There followed a schism within the community babie between "Bah'" and supporters of Bah'u'llh "Azalea" supporters of Subh-i-Azal . The conflict took a turn so violent that the Ottoman authorities decided to separate them by sending Bah'u'llh in Palestine in Saint-Jean d'Acre and Subh-i-Azal in the island of Cyprus to Famagusta , where he died in 1912. Bah'u'llh finally arrived by boat in Saint-Jean d'Acre (Akka) on 31 August 1868 (12th day of Jamdyu'l-Avval ap.H. 1285). He remained imprisoned in the citadel of Acre for 2 years, 2 months and 5 days ... and was then assigned to reside in this penal colony for 9 years. He spent the last 24 years of his life, still a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire in the town of Saint Jean d'Acre and its environs, and never cease to urge the powerful of this world to reconcile their differences, to reduce their armaments, and devote their energies to achieve peace universal. He pitched his tent on Mount Caramel in 1891. Baha'u'llah died around 3:00 am on 29 May 1892 (2nd day of Dh-I'l Qa'dih ap.H. 1309) north of Saint John of Acre in the manor of Bahji where he is buried. His tomb is the focal point ( Qiblih ) of the worldwide Bah' community engendered by his message. In his book entitled Kitab-will-i-'Ahd (the "Book of the Covenant"), which was read publicly nine days after his death, he appointed his eldest son 'Abbas Effendi as the only authorized interpreter of his writings and his successor as head of the Baha'i community. It then took the title of 'Abdu'l-Baha ("Servant of Baha") and faced the rebellion of his half-brother Mirza Muhammad-`Al, who came in second in the line of succession. The Bah' writings define two authorities for the community: one is the institution of hereditary Guardianship responsible for the interpretation of sacred texts, the other is the elected institution of the Universal House of Justice responsible for enforcing laws and community management. For Baha'is, the decisions of these two institutions are considered "divinely inspired" and "infallible" in their respective fields, and they must comply. Baha'is believe that the clear designation of authority to the head of the community makes it immune to any lasting schism: that is what they call "small alliance of Bah'u'llh " . Baha'u'llah kept secret for ten years the mystical experience he lived in Tehran in 1852 in the prison of Siyah-Chal, and never told his entourage in 1863, when he was about to to leave Baghdad for Constantinople. But it was not until 1867, during his exile in Adrianople and in Saint-Jean d'Acre, he sent text messages to the most prominent leaders of his time. He called Muslim clerics and Christians, as Pope Pius IX (Lawh-PAP), as well as royalty (Sriy-i-Muluk), including the king of Persia Nairi'd-Din Sh ah (Lawh -i-Sultan) and his grand vizier (Sriy Ra'is-i), the Tsar of Russia Alexander II (Lawh-i-Malik-i-Rus), the British Queen Victoria (Lawh Malkih-i), the Kaiser Wilhelm I (Kitab-i-Aqdas, verse 86), the Emperor of the French Napoleon III (Lawh-Napulyn), Emperor of Austria Franz Joseph I (Kitab-i-Aqdas, verse 85 ), or the leaders of America and presidents of the various states and members of parliaments throughout the world . In his letters, he does not hesitate to present himself as a messenger of God, even as the "return of Jesus" expected by Christians and Muslims , and he urged world powers to establish the "Kingdom of God on earth "by listening to the new revelation of God that he brings to our time. The message proclaimed by Bah'u'llh in the Middle East of the nineteenth century appeared to some as the dream of a visionary and for others like the ramblings of an apostate, but it is clear that the explosion demographic and technological revolution has transformed the industrial world in the sense that it announced. The production of the writings of Bah'u'llh is estimated at over a hundred volumes , which represents 70 times the Quran 15 times and the Bible . He sometimes wrote of his hand but most often dictated to his secretaries and then controlled the manuscripts that certified them with his seal. He took his living arrangements for publishing lithographic works with some of Bombay , as the Kitab-i-qn (the "Book of Certitude") or the Kitab-i-Aqdas (the "Book the Most Saint ") . Many original texts in Arabic and Persian have not yet been translated but are preserved in the archives of the Baha'i World Centre located on Mount Caramel in Haifa in the north of Israel. Some texts, which are known to exist, have not yet been found. The " Leiden List "lists the known titles, but is probably incomplete. Bah'u'llh's work covers a wide range of topics, from the mystical poetry as the "Hidden Words" (Kalimat-i-Maknnih, 1857 ) or "Seven Valleys (Haft-Vadi, v 1858 ) to the legislation as the "Most Holy Book (Kitab-i-Aqdas, 1873 ) and the shelves after it revealed in the last 15 years, through theological exegesis in the Book of Certitude "( Kitab-i-qn, 1861 ) or "Wonderful New Book" (Kitab-i-Badi ', 1867 ) and advice to kings and world leaders as his "Call of the Lord of Hosts" or his "Proclamation" ( between 1867 and 1870 ). Baha'is believe all the writings of the Bb and Bah'u'llh as divinely revealed under the influence of the Holy Spirit , but do not recognize any witness accounts equivalent to the Gospels or the Sunnah. For Baha'is, it's the "truth" of religion as scientific knowledge: it is staged and what is considered certain at a time can be challenged by another new discovery or a understanding. According to Bah'u'llh, there is a divine plan for the development of humanity is revealed from age to age by God through "great teachers". To designate these characters, the Bah' writings use the term "Manifestation of God" (uhr'u'llh for the active form: "Manifestation of God" or Mazhar-i-ilaha for the passive: "instead of manifestation of the divine "). This notion of "event" can be found in the writings of the Bb, as well as those of Persian mystics like Sohrawardi Sh IRAZ and Mulla Sadra, or in the school Shaikhism. This is an "epiphany" (Greek epiphaneia "appearance, manifestation," piphainin from "publish or shine on") and not an " incarnation "of God, we can try understand the metaphor of the solar reflection in a mirror: the sun (God) does not leave the sky to fall in the mirror (man), but its qualities are reflected through its rays (the spirit saint). The "great teachers" of humanity are regarded as men "perfect" (al-Insan al-Kamil ), "mirrors" perfectly clean and polished where the "Sun God" can manifest in all its qualities splendor. If we consider the "mirror", they are all different, but if we consider the reflection of the sun, they are One . According to Bah'u'llh, religion is composed of two parts: one relates to the spiritual laws allowing man to discover his true nature, while the other concerns social laws responsible for ensuring peace and development society . He believes that because human nature remains the same, these spiritual laws remain immutable from age to age, but humankind is constantly changing, the social laws must be changed by time and place. Bah'u'llh compares them to the clothes that man must change at every stage of its development to be always dressed in the most convenient and most perfect . Bah'u'llh claimed to be one of those "Manifestations of God", which succeed indefinitely since the dawn of time to educate humanity, not the "ultimate" but the one announced earlier in the sacred writings for our time, when humanity is facing a profound technological transformation, social and spiritual. To facilitate this process, Baha'u'llah in his writings gives a set of laws and guidelines considered by Bah's as the blueprint for a new world order before eventually lead to a new "age Gold "... pending the arrival after at least a millennium of the upcoming "Manifestation of God" responsible for guiding humanity in the later stages of its evolution. The promise of the coming of a future event is called by the Baha'is "grand alliance of Bah'u'llh." Bah'u'llh emphasizes the importance of science and religion for the proper functioning of society . 'Abdu'l-Bah commented on the teaching of his father: "True religion and science do not conflict. When a religion is opposed to science it becomes mere superstition. This is contrary to knowledge is ignorance. How can a man they believe to reality a fact proven by science impossible? If, against all reason, still believes there is a superstition rather than blind faith. The true principles of all religions are in accordance with the teachings of science. ( ...) religion and science are the two wings on which the intellect of man to rise to the heights, and the human soul can progress. It is not possible to fly with wing only. If someone was trying to fly with the wing of religion alone he would quickly fall into the quagmire of superstition, whilst on the other hand, with the wing of science alone he would make no progress, but fall into the despairing slough of materialism. " Bah'u'llh wrote that knowledge is a wonderful gifts from God and a treasure it is for everyone to learn . It should be used in order to contribute to the progress and the evolution of peoples . `Abdu'l-Baha explains that religion is a drug prescribed by the" divine doctor "to relieve the ills of humanity and establish unity and concord amongst the peoples of the Earth, but only if it became a source of hatred and conflict, the real religious act would get rid of it as a drug that would aggravate the evils it is supposed to heal ! Bah'u'llh enacts rules to put an end to extreme wealth and extreme poverty, who pervert human nature. It makes work a requirement for Baha'is and student at the same level as the prayer in the worship of God . It prohibits begging and states that those who are unable to work one way or another should be supported by the community . To ensure continued funding of the welfare, Bah'u'llh asks its followers to "purify" their property by paying a tax ( zakat ) and offering Huququ'llah (the "Law of God" in Arabic: ). To implement this program, Bah'u'llh calls in each locality is built a riqu'lA My dh kar sh ("the dawn of praise to God" in Arabic: ), an institution designed to become the heart of every social and religious Baha'i community and symbolizes the alliance between science and religion by associating in the same complex a place of worship (usually called in French "House of Worship"), a school , a library, a hospital and a nursing home. My first riqu'lA sh kar dh was founded around 1908 in Turkmenistan by the Baha'i community of the I sh qbd. According to Bah'u'llh, the solutions to economic problems are primarily spiritual and quality needed by humanity is justice. It allows everyone to judge for yourself and not depend on the opinion of others and it protects the rights of excess and error and it ensures the stability of society in reward each according to his due . This quality is a divine gift to Bah'u'llh that man should strive to maintain as the apple of his eye. "Unity in Diversity" is the motto of the writings of Bah'u'llh, which takes a particular resonance in this era of globalization inexorably. The Baha'i writings say that humanity, after having passed successively through the stages of family, tribe, city-state and the nation is on the verge of unification at the global level, marking the most high degree of development attainable on this planet . Baha'u'llah affirms the transcendent unity of God and the prophets of unity reflecting the same divine light and religions express the same divine will / Sup>. He says the biological unity and spiritual humanity and urges all men to regard themselves as brothers, as "the fruit of a tree and the leaves of one branch" . In this regard, Bah'u'llh asks several times for his followers to "go the followers of all religions in a spirit of friendship and brotherhood" by declaring that "the revelation of these words and set aside abolished all that could lead the children of men to shun one another and all that has caused dissensions and divisions among them " . Bah'u'llh states as well as for his disciples, mixed marriages are allowed , as food and clothing restrictions are lifted in the past and that the concept of "ritual impurity" is abolished but recommended to seek the "middle" , the largest and most perfect cleanliness refinement . To a world which wants unification, Bah'u'llh announced: "O ye that dwell on earth! The distinctive feature that marks the salience of this supreme revelation is that we, first, forgotten in the pages of Holy Book of God all that has been cause for conflict of malignancy and injury among children and men, on the other hand, imposed the prerequisites for harmony, understanding and a perfect unity and lasting. Blessed are those who observe my ordinances. (...) So powerful is the light of unity that it can illuminate the whole earth. " The establishment of world peace is one of the major concerns of the writings of Bah'u'llh. In his letters, he urged in a first time the powerful of this world to establish the "Supreme Peace" from the "Kingdom of God on earth," but with no response, they then advised to try to establish the "Lesser Peace" , for the property of their respective peoples, reducing their armaments and reconciling their differences peacefully. They recommend it to create an assembly, which take part representatives of all world governments to consult on international issues and resolve disputes with authority as peacefully as possible, hesitating not to unite all their forces against the recalcitrant to force them to return to reason . The League of Nations , founded after the First World War and the United Nations, founded after the Second World War are two examples that this idea is not utopian. To facilitate the establishment of peace through better understanding among peoples, they advised them to meet to choose a language and a common script, already existing or to invent, and to teach in schools in their respective countries in order a man has more than two languages to learn: his mother tongue and the universal common language. He assured that the implementation of this program will lead anyone to feel at home wherever he goes, and will be one of the signs of the coming of humanity in his maturity . It is interesting to note in passing that `Abdu'l-Bah and the Guardian Shoghi Effendi ( in 1897 - 1 957 ) expressed themselves favorably in favor of Esperanto , invented in 1887 . But this advice remained dead letters, Bah'u'llh and told them they would have to bear the consequences of their actions, particularly Napoleon III which he announced a few months before the fall which occurs . We can only see the doom of the powerful which Bah'u'llh addressed. Napoleon III was defeated by the Prussians in 1870 , his empire was replaced by the Third Republic and died in exile in England. The same year the papacy lost the Papal States annexed by Italy. The First World War ruined the Europe and saw the defeat of Germany and the disintegration of empires Russian , Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman and the end of their dynasties. The king of Persia Niri'd-Din Sh ah Qajar was assassinated in 1896 and his dynasty was forced to accept a constitution in 1905 and died in 1925. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished officially Sultanate in 1922 and the Caliphate on 3 March 1924. Queen Victoria passed through the tests, but one that the line came closest advice of Bah'u'llh . Bah'u'llh asserted, however, to Professor EG Browne, who visited him in 1890 , that men can not resist indefinitely the realization of the divine plan: "It will, nevertheless, these fruitless strifes, these ruinous wars shall pass and the "Great Peace" will come ... These quarrels, such carnage and discord must cease, and this all men will be as a single tribe, as one family. " . The Bayan the Bb and the Kitab-i-qn of Bah'u'llh, Bah's consider that the completion of the first, replete with explanations of the Bible and the Koran. They explain that their prophecies about the "Day of Resurrection and Judgement" should not be taken literally but must be understood metaphorically. They will not announce the destruction of our physical world but the transition between two cycles of humanity, and the Bb would open the door between the old "Prophetic Cycle" and the new "cycle of glory" (Baha ') the fulfillment of prophetic promises. According to the Bab, the "Prophetic Cycle" began with Adam 12,210 years before his coming and ended with the revelation of the Qur'an by Muhammad designated as the "Seal of the Prophets" (Kh Atam year -Nabiyyn) . The Bb announces his writings in the coming after him, "Whom God shall make manifest", which should inaugurate this cycle of splendor for extending over a period of at least 500 000 years with the arrival in the other future "events" of God successive . In his "Epistle to the Letters of the Living" (Lawh-urft) , and the Bab spoke to his disciples before sending them through Persia announce the "Good News" from the dawn of a new era "I will prepare for the arrival of a great day. Deploy all your efforts so that in the next world, I instruct you that today I can, before the throne of divine mercy, rejoice in your actions and I boast of your exploits. No one yet knows the secret of the day is to come. It can not be disclosed and no one can get an idea. The newborn child of that Day will be more advanced than most men wisest and most venerable of our time. The humblest, the most ignorant of that time will surpass the knowledge of the most learned theologians and accomplished today. Scatter in all directions across the country and, a firm footing, a sanctified heart, prepare the way for His coming. Do not contemplate your weakness and your weakness! Fix your gaze upon the invincible power of the Lord your God Almighty. " The Bah' writings compare the development of humanity to that of a living being passing successively through childhood, adolescence and adulthood: childhood is the "Prophetic Cycle" and adulthood is the "Cycle of Fulfillment," which is achieved after the crisis of adolescence. From a Bah' point of view, we could identify the "Prophetic Cycle" and the childhood of humanity with the agro-pastoral civilization, which saw the gradual unification of community-wide human family, of the tribe, the city-state and nation, no changes in lifestyle over the millennia . The adolescence of humanity would then correspond to the crisis caused by population explosion and the industrial revolution emerged in the nineteenth century , causing an imbalance between its hardware capabilities and new capabilities ancient spiritual and leading to an immature mind adult body. In the same logic, mankind would reach the age of maturity after having restored the harmony between the two, who need to do to incorporate new standards and new rules of conduct. Bah'u'llh himself as the "Messenger of God" announced the "end times" in the sacred writings of the past and expected by the Zoroastrians , the Jews , the Christians , the Muslims and Babis : "All books God and the scriptures have predicted and announced the advent of men's supreme revelation. Nobody can exactly count the verses recorded in the books of past ages announce him this supreme goodness, this benefit of the most powerful " . He announced that rises "the day will no longer be followed by night," the day when we began to see the introduction of the "Kingdom of God on earth under the regenerating influence of God's word that it is responsible for transmitting. And to guide humanity in its transformation, Bah'u'llh enacts a set of laws and guidelines, that Baha'is regard as the blueprint for the future world civilization. In his writings, Baha'u'llah abrogates ancestral customs, he finds it more appropriate for our times, as the practice of "holy war" , , slavery , of polygamy , and inhuman punishments (flogging and stoning of adulterers, amputation for theft, ...). It focuses on concepts very "modern", such as respect for the environment, fair distribution of wealth with the care of the sick and needy in the society, equal rights and woman , compulsory education and support needed by the community , a common and universal auxiliary language , secularism , the abandonment of absolute monarchy and replacement by a democratic form of government based on consultation and voting , , and the establishment of an Assembly and a supranational court to resolve peacefully as possible between the different peoples . Bah'u'llh warns, however, humanity: the process is initiated, the outcome is inevitable and men can not resist indefinitely the realization of the divine plan: By moving our pen of glory, we, at the behest of the almighty order of things, instilled in every human being a renewal of life and instilled into every word a new power. All created things proclaim the signs of the regeneration world. This is the great, the good news brings to humanity the pen of this innocent victim. (...) The Pen of the Most High continues to call men, and yet how few are listening to his voice! The inhabitants of the kingdom of names were attached to the shiny appearance of the world, forgetting that everyone who has eyes to see and ears to hear can not but notice how the colors are ephemeral. A whole new life force animates the moment all the peoples of the earth, but no one has discovered the cause or perceived reason. (...) The day is coming when we will have wrapped the world and everything in it and where we will establish in its place a new order. It has, indeed, power over all things. (...) The world is working, his excitement is growing day by day. He faces the unbelief and wickedness. But this will be his fate, nor that we do not consider it appropriate, or appropriate to disclose now. He persisted much longer in its evil, and when the appointed time comes, suddenly appear which will shake the members of humanity. Then and only then, will deploy the divine standard, then and only then, the Nightingale of heaven will hear his pure melody . Professor Edward Granville Browne ( 1862 - 1926 ), an eminent British orientalist at the University of Cambridge , met at the manor of Bah'u'llh Bahji in 1890 , and he noted his impressions as follows: My guide paused a moment while I removed my shoes. Then with a quick motion with his hand, he drew the curtain and closed immediately behind me. I found myself in a large room at the bottom of which there was a low divan, while in front of the door were placed two or three chairs. Although I knew vaguely where I was going and whom I see - no details had not been provided - it took me a second or two before, his heart beating with surprise and awe, I realize that the room n was not empty. In the corner where the couch touching the wall stood a beautiful and venerable figure, crowned with a headdress of felt that the dervishes called taj (from a height and a special form) at the base of which was wound a thin white turban. The face of it that I looked, I could not forget it and yet I can not describe it. His piercing eyes seemed to penetrate to the depths of the soul; broad brow underscored the power and authority, while the deep wrinkles of the forehead and face seemed to indicate an age that jet black hair and beard, an amazing luxuriance almost reaching the waist, seemed contradicting. It would have been superfluous to ask in whose presence I stood, I prostrated myself before Him who is the object of veneration and love which kings might envy and emperors to which they aspire in vain! A soft voice, full of courtesy and dignity, asked me to sit down and continued: "Praise be to God that you're reached the goal. You came to see a prisoner and an exile ... We desire but the good of the world and the happiness of nations, but we suspect to be an element of disorder and sedition worthy of captivity and banishment ... That all nations should become one in faith and all men are brothers, that the bonds of affection and unity between the sons of men are fortified, and that diversity of religion should cease and differences of race be annulled , what harm is there in this? It will, nevertheless, these fruitless strifes, these ruinous wars shall pass and the 'Great Peace' shall come ... Did not you need this in Europe too? Is not that what Christ foretold? ... However, we see the kings and heads of state willing to waste their treasures in more ways to destroy the human race that this would lead humankind to happiness ... These struggles, these massacres, these disagreements should cease and all men should form one family ... That man should boast not love his country, but rather to love mankind. " These, as far as I can remember, some words that I heard speak by Bah'u'llh. Let those who read them are wondering if a being who sincerely profess such doctrines merit death and chains, if the world is winning or losing their broadcast. " Baha'is treat representations of Bah'u'llh with the utmost respect and believe that divine manifestations (including Mirza Husayn-`Al Nuri) can be shown that under conditions ensuring the respect due their rank. Thus, pictures of Bah'u'llh are accessible in principle that in special circumstances on the occasion of the pilgrimage to Haifa in Israel, and the Baha'is refuse to release to the general public, it does not provide them the necessary guarantees. We can consider this attitude as an effort to avoid the vulgarity without falling into idolatry. Marriage certificate of Bah'u'llh and Kh syih Anum Bah'u'llh's passport Parents and companions of Bah'u'llh (Adrianople 1868) Map of Baha'i holy places in Acre, Haifa Citadel of Acre where Bah'u'llh was imprisoned Abbud house in Acre, where Baha'u'llah lived Mazra'ih mansion, where Baha'u'llah lived Bahji mansion, where Baha'u'llah lived his last years Aerial view of the gardens surrounding the manor Bahji His father
His children
Historic Environment
Exile
Imprisonment in Tehran
Baghdad
Constantinople
Adrianople
Saint-Jean d'Acre
His message
His writings
Progressive Revelation
Science and Consciousness
Unity in diversity
World Peace
New Round of humanity
Notes
Testimony of Professor Edward G. Browne
Gallery
Bibliography
See also
References
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