Ministry Of National Education
This article deals with the ministry as directors. For an overview of the education system, see French educational system.
| Ministry of National Education, Youth and Community Life | |
 | |
| Creation | 1828 : Department of Public Instruction 1932 : Ministry of National Education |
|---|---|
| Type | French Ministry |
| Headquarters | Htel de Rochechouart , 110 rue de Grenelle , Paris 7 th |
| Language (s) | French |
| Budget | 59.9 billion of Euros ( 2009 ) |
| Minister | Luc Chatel |
| Secretary of State | Jeannette Bougrab (Youth and Associative) |
| Person (s) key (s) | Victor Duruy Jules Ferry Anatole de Monzie Jean Zay Edgar Faure Ren Haby Alain Savary Lionel Jospin Luc Ferry Franois Bayrou Claude Allegre Jack Lang Franois Fillon |
| Website | http://www.education.gouv.fr/ |
In France , the organization skills of different departments may vary from one government to another. This is particularly true for the Ministry of Education , which is not always responsible for the higher education , and may instead be responsible for research , recreation or youth in a broader context.
The current Fillon government sends two separate departments in the organization of education: the primary and secondary are entrusted to the Ministry of National Education, Youth and Associations, while the higher education and the search is entrusted to Ministry of Higher Education and Research History The School of the Third Republic saw in Charlemagne the inventor of free and compulsory education. Popular culture was then helped to peddle the myth. In fact, without having "invented school," Charlemagne has indeed worked to develop an educational system in his state. He needed to govern his vast empire, qualified officials and monks to exercise political control and propagate the Christian faith in its provinces. That's why he put up a basic education system free and accessible, in principle, youth from all walks, villages or cities, to learn to sing, read and count. In fact, during the ancien regime , the royal power was taking some initiatives in education, but leaving the local authorities and especially the Church organized. Except for a draft Turgot to constitute a board to oversee universities, colleges and small schools , the need for a service dealing with these issues do so was not felt. This situation remained during the early years of the Revolution , because even if appeared at that time plans to reform education, the change of these structures did not seem like a priority. However, the Legislature created in 1791 a committee of public instruction who decides in particular, August 18, 1792, that the monks will no longer take care of education. Under the Convention , there is also a committee of public instruction. It is he who will initiate the establishment of central schools and contribute to the creation or reorganization of several large schools , such as the Polytechnic , the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts , the Ecole Normale Superieure. With the Executive , committees are abolished and education issues attributed to the Ministry of Interior. This department will keep instruction in his duties until 1824 , despite the birth in 1808 , the Imperial University. Came to power, Napoleon Bonaparte began from 1802 important reforms, notably marked by the establishment of schools. These reforms will lead to the establishment by law of 10 May 1806 , the Imperial University as "a single body of teachers." However, the implementation of the reform takes time, and only on 17 March 1808 that appears to the decree organizing the University , which marks the true birth of the Imperial University . The University is entrusted to an imperial grand master of the University ( Jean-Pierre Louis de Fontanes ) appointed by the Emperor and assisted by a chancellor ( John Chrysostom Villaret ). France is divided into as many academies as appellate courts and a Director of Education was appointed to head each. The Grand Master presides over a council of the University composed of forty members, whose role is purely advisory and that occurs only in very limited areas. Similarly, each president is assisted by an Academic Council. Throughout the organization, the Grand Master has a role. The government of the First Restoration calls for reform, which can not be completed before the Hundred Days. After the second abdication of Napoleon, the ambitious reform is abandoned in favor of changes presented as provisional. In reality, Louis XVIII retains the outline of the Napoleonic University, particularly the academies, to which certain texts give the name of "universities". The board of the University is replaced by a Board of Education and then in 1820 by a Royal Council of Public Instruction, reduced to five members of the civil grand master is replaced by a simple "President of Royal Council. " The powers formerly concentrated among the great master are in part transferred either to the council on certain topics, decides "to the plurality of voices", or to local authorities, rectors or faculties , whose autonomy is very relative . In the following years, several orders come amend the device, increasing the number of Council members and restoring power to the President, who decides one individual questions, after only "taken notice" of this Council. The title of Grand Master was finally restored in 1822. During all these years, the Interior Ministry continues to monitor issues of general education, but the real power of decision rests with the bodies of the University (then the Board of Education). On 26 August 1824 , an ordinance to establish a Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs and Public Instruction, told Monsignor Denis Frayssinous , already Grand Master of the University. This ministry is organized as two divisions, one for each of two areas entrusted to the new department. The Directorate of Public Instruction, after several reorganizations and dismemberment, give rise to different departments of the central government (see below). On 4 January 1828 , the Ministry of Education, separate Ecclesiastical Affairs, became the first independent, but Public Education will again be attached to the Ministry of Religious Affairs on several occasions during the nineteenth century . With the order of 11 October 1832 , the functions of the Ministry of Education increased by transfer services that depended on the Interior or Commerce , with the incorporation of several literary institutions ( Collge de France , Ecole Nationale des Chartes ) and science ( National Museum of Natural History ), encouragement to arts , literature and science, the public libraries. The department is linking theaters and the National Archives in 1838 , but the authority over other types of public records not assigned to it in 1884. In 1871 , the department was renamed Department of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. As the progress of the nineteenth century, the number is growing rapidly, especially the Ministry with the development efforts of power in favor of teaching ( Acts Guizot , Falloux , Duruy ). The phenomenon becomes more marked with the reforms in the 1880s. The compulsory education ( Ferry laws , 1881 and 1882 ) requires to provide for school attendance 6 to 11 years. Then, the law of 18 July 1889 made teachers of officials of the state, causing a rapid increase in staff and budget and makes necessary the development of the decentralized administration to facilitate the management of primary education . The extension of compulsory education will also increase the weight of the administration. The academic organization is also undergoing revision. In 1850 , the Falloux law establishes an academy in each department , almost a hundred. However, this experience is quickly called into question: as 1854 , a new map of the academies is organized, providing a number of academies particularly low (less than 1808). Academies will gradually recreated in the twentieth century , culminating in the current map. As for the powers of the department, renamed National Education in 1932 , they are reduced, first in 1930 in favor of the Ministry of Youth and Sports , but especially from 1958 , the Ministry of Culture that gets almost everything about the arts and letters. However, the direction of the Library is the Department of Education until the creation in 1975 , the Directorate of Books and Reading in the Ministry of Culture. In 1974 is established a Secretariat of State for Universities, independent of the Department of Education, a name used during the seven years of Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Since that date, as governments, three forms of distribution have followed : The development of the decentralization help reduce the administrative staff of the department, while the central government tends to devolve more powers to the education authorities and inspectorates. Paragraph 13 of the Preamble to the Constitution of 27 October 1946 , included in the block of constitutionality of the Fifth Republic , proclaims: "The nation guarantees equal access for children and adults to education, culture and training. The organization of free public education and secular at all levels is a duty of the state. " This constitutional principle is linked to the long legacy of public service education provided by the state on a centralized and unitary. In France, organization and management of education are entrusted to the Ministry of Education, in conjunction with the Ministry of Higher Education and Research. The Ministry of Education has particular responsibility for the organization and administration of the educational system of the kindergarten to baccalaureate. However, the agricultural education is the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Defence maintains high schools of the defense. Finally, other departments (Finances. ..) have equity in secondary schools designed to train students for certain careers specific to the relevant administrations (See School of French civil service .). In addition, the laws of decentralization of 1982-83 and 2003-04 have transferred certain powers to local authorities , according to the principle of shared jurisdiction. Skills and assumed by local governments are primarily those relating to premises and personnel and technical workers. In this framework, and under the control of Director of Education , the municipalities manage the primary , the departments and colleges , and regions of the schools and training centers for apprentices. Decree No. 2007-991 of 25 May 2007 asked him to prepare and implement "the Government's policy on access to knowledge for everyone." The Ministry of National Education is responsible for school education, including preschool education ( kindergarten ), the elementary school , the secondary education ( college , secondary classes of schools , training centers for apprentices ) and the upper classes of secondary schools ( STS , CPGE ). In terms of organization LOLF , it is involved in the mission "academic education" and manages the No. 139, 140, 141, 230 and 214 The headquarters of the Ministry of National Education, Youth and Associative Life is located at No. 110 Rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement in Paris , in the Htel de Rochechouart , 1776. Therefore, it is often called Grenelle and rue de Grenelle in the media. However, the Grenelle agreements refer not to the department but that of Labour , located in the same street. It was here that have installed the Minister's office and several branches and departments of the central government. However, other services have been, for lack of space, be installed in other buildings, rue des Saints-Peres , Rue du Bac or later, at 34, rue de Chateaudun ( Ninth District ) for the Branch Human Resources . The Department is organized into several levels. It is the political heart of the ministry, where worked out the broad guidelines of ministerial action in accordance with the priorities and directives of the Prime Minister. The firm prepares the ministers, which may cause conflicts with the central government. Ministers have a chief of staff , who leads the firm's administrative life and ensure its smooth operation, and is responsible for relations between it and the various administrations of the ministry. The Chief of Staff himself is the closest political associate minister with particular responsibility for supporting him in his political choices and maintain a dialogue with the Secretariat General of Government at Matignon, other departments and the media. The Cabinet is composed of various consultants and advisers selected by the ministers to give them the necessary elements for their decisions in the various fields within its competence. Unlike the firm, composed of members chosen by the minister, the central administration is composed only of officials holding (or trainees) or contract , to provide some stability to the whole, and ensure continuity in the management and a solid experience in records management. Because the central government means all services and public officials - gathered in offices and departments - responsible for operating the public education department (finance, administration ...) and apply the regulatory or legislative decisions on education. The current organization of the department was established by Decree No. 2006-572 of 17 May 2006 and arrested the same day . The Ministry of Education has its own Branch school education. The Directorate General for Higher Education and Employability Department of Higher Education and Research is made available and many services, including the General Secretariat, are spouses of these two departments. The Directorate General of School Education and the General Secretariat are divided into services and directions. The General Secretariat, the Directorate General of school education, services and directions are each headed by a director appointed by decree. Directions, sub-divisions and departments are composed of different offices for specific missions. The Directorate General of School Education (DGESCO) develops and implements policy for schools, colleges, high schools and vocational schools. She ascribes to the academic authorities staffing and funds for schools and developing the regulations governing the operation of the latter. She supervises teaching of French establishments abroad and private institutions under contract with the school education. In educational matters, it develops the use of new technologies. It is competent for insertion and initial and continuing vocational training in secondary schools. It sets policy priority education zones , school life, and health and welfare. She led actions in the integration of pupils and special education. It defines the general guidelines of the policy of training teachers in primary and secondary schools and helps define the orientations of their training and their implementation in conjunction with the management of higher education. It includes: The General Secretariat includes various cross-cutting services: Besides the general secretariat, the senior defense and security and the mediator of Education and higher education are common to the Ministry of Education and the Higher Education and Research. To exercise his powers, the Minister of Education also has the Directorate General for Higher Education and Employability (DGESIP) General Inspections The department has authority on its own inspection service and, together with Minister of Higher Education and Research, on another general inspection. The National Education has a decentralized administration to manage it as close to the ground some management skills daily. The powers of these lower levels are becoming wider, the central government increasingly focusing its activities on the direction of education policy and the definition of major national principles (programs, teacher recruitment ...), the development of legislative and regulatory frameworks, evaluation and exploration, coordination of educational activities ... There are two major steps, in which local authorities are associated with boards of National Education. At the academies , the Rector , led by the rector, operates in higher education, recruitment and management of teaching staff and the educational control of the second degree. He is assisted by an Academic Board of Education. In addition, in each region, the Department may rely on the regional branch of Youth, Sports and Social Cohesion. In each department , a School Inspector , director of departmental services of Education, is responsible for primary education and, in conjunction with communities, the physical organization of colleges and high schools. He directs the school inspectorate and is assisted by a County Council of Education. In communities overseas , the ministry is represented by: In addition, institutions have greater autonomy than in the past. The Ministry of Education exercises its supervision on several public nationals. So, in the regions, regional centers of university and school and regional centers of educational literature , which despite the word "regional" are national public institutions. The following institutions, whose activities extend throughout the country, listed alphabetically, are also the Ministry of Education, possibly jointly with the Higher Education and Research or another department. Although the headcount is not always easy due to special circumstances, the Ministry of Education employs about 1.1 million civil servants and contract teachers, including 850 000 . The staffing issue is the subject of recurring political controversy, being widely regarded as an indicator of the importance given to the issue of education in France. The recent political will to reduce them is disputed. Indeed, the Fillon government plans to remove 10 000 to 17 000 jobs in Education. The National Education could contribute to a "good half" to the effort demanded by the government, who wishes not to replace a retiring two in the civil service in 2008 . If trades of Education are numerous, the main distinction is between teaching staff and the like, on the one hand, and non-teaching staff, on the other. However, the separation from the ministry of higher education, coupled with the transfer of personal service workers and to local government, tend to greatly reduce the number of non-teaching staff within the department. The staff of "education, education and guidance" is composed of teachers themselves as well as persons performing management functions or inspection, also similar to teachers. In the second level of exercise associate professors , of certified teachers and vocational school teachers (PLP), teachers of general education college (GCEP, in extinction) and teachers of EPS that belong to specific bodies ( teachers EPS and EPS of lecturers, the latter body being in extinction). The primary education is given to school teachers , the body of teachers who have been extinct. Teachers in private schools under contract are paid by the departments of the Ministry of Education, but work under the authority of the director of the private school. For institutions in simple contracts, teachers are staff of private law. For institutions under contracts of association, the teachers are either civil servants (very few), or public contracting officers (by far the most numerous). Also included in the teacher education personnel and guidance that are often in contact with students. The former are mainly senior education advisors who work in colleges and high schools for student supervision or participation in school life. The second are the counselors Psychologists (COP) is engaged directly in schools or in the IOC. Staff supervision and inspection are often former teachers and are therefore considered as teaching staff. This is the first headmasters of secondary schools (principals in high schools, major in college) and their assistants. Those responsible for the inspection of teachers and the like are in the first degree, inspectors of National Education and, in the second degree, education inspectors, regional education inspectors (IA-IPR). The rectors and education inspectors are generally also former lecturers or teachers. The non-teaching staff provide support functions in the administrative and technical, physical organization, as well as in supporting the health and welfare for staff and pupils and students. They are generally designated as " administrators, technicians, workers, social and health "(Atossa) or similar expressions. The partition with the Ministry of Higher Education and the movement to decentralize non-teaching staff tend to downsize attached directly to the department. Atossa staff under civil service status of the state is working within the central government, devolved bodies (education authorities, school inspectorates) of centers of information and guidance and some public institutions. Agents who work in schools are now largely of local authorities. This was the case only for the first degree is now extended to the second degree following the Act of August 13, 2004. However, managers and accounting staff (more commonly known as stewards), who perform the function because of functional authority over personnel TOSS these institutions, including local governments are employers, remain personal state. It is also true of other administrative staff, doctors from the National Education and Nursing. Most of the work is entrusted to officials , but the Ministry of Education also employs Some bodies are managed by officials of the Ministry of Education while performing in other ministries, public institutions, local authorities or private organizations (associations, educational and non- mutual ). Conversely, the department employs staff from other ministries or interministerial management. The shift is an occasional service, paid to the act (the act is an hour of instruction). Is the unit more flexible to fill very specific needs. The contract worker has an activity similar to that of a profession , not that of an employee, from which it follows several features (relative to a contract or an official): A temporary employee may engage in other remunerative activity, employment or other. The compensation obtained can only be a backup (the fare is about 29 euros Budget In the structure provided by the organic law on finance laws , the Ministry of National Education is responsible for the Mission School Education "and, in this mission, five of the six programs. Because of the importance of staffing as the complexity of its administration, the department is the subject of derogatory comparisons. The best known is the " mammoth "used first by the minister Olivier Guichard , who wrote: "A politician and a million agents (...) is the mammoth and the chip! . In 1988, Bernard Toulemonde, a senior official at the National Education, in fact the title of the introduction of its short history of a large department . But this term has been popularized especially since the days of Claude Allegre. The one of the World , 24 June 1997 as well: "Claude Allegre wants scouring the mammoth." The minister later said he never uttered the sentence in public, citing a private conversation resumed without his approval and he was not supporting the teachers, but only the central government , . Olivier Guichard Minister also referred to the department as a "massive and lumbering dinosaur . He also reportedly said: "Education is the third company in the world after the Red Army and General Motors . " Jeannette Bougrab - Secretary of State responsible for Youth and Community Life Valerie Pcresse - Minister of Higher Education and Research Valerie Pcresse - Minister of Higher Education and Research Franois Goulard - Delegate Minister in charge of Higher Education and Research Franois d'Aubert - Minister Delegate for Research Darcos - Delegate Minister in charge of School Haigner - Deputy Minister, responsible for Research and New Technologies Franois Loos - Delegate Minister in charge of Higher Education and Research (from 7 May to 16 June 2002 ) Jean-Luc Melenchon - Deputy Minister responsible for Vocational Education Roger-Gerard Schwartzenberg - Minister of Research Segolene Royal - Deputy Minister in charge of School Franois d'Aubert - Secretary of State for Research Jean de Boishue - Secretary of State in charge of Higher Education Elisabeth Dufourcq - Secretary of State in charge of Research Franoise Hostalier - Secretary of State in charge of School Franois Fillon - Minister of Higher Education and Research Jean Glavany - Secretary of State in charge of Technical Education Jacques Guyard - Secretary of State in charge of Technical Education Robert Chapman - Secretary of State in charge of Technical Education Roger Bambuck - Secretary of State for Sports Hubert Curien - Minister Delegate for Research Robert Chapman - Secretary of State in charge of Technical Education Roger Bambuck - Secretary of State for Sports Alain Devaquet - Minister Delegate for Higher Education (until 19 January 1987 ) Jacques Valade - Minister Delegate for Higher education (from 20 January 1987 ) Michle Alliot-Marie - Secretary of State, responsible for Education Nicole Catala - Secretary of State in charge of Training Roger-Gerard Schwartzenberg - Secretary of State with responsibility for Universities Roland Carraz - Secretary of State in charge of Technical Education and Technology Marcel Debarge - Secretary of State in charge of Training Roger-Gerard Schwartzenberg - Secretary of State in charge of universities (from 22 March 1983 ) Jacques Pelletier - Secretary of State Alice Saunier-Seite - Minister of Universities (since 10 January 1978 ) Annie Lesur - Secretary of State in charge of preschool education (from 8 June 1974 ) Jean-Pierre Soisson - Secretary of State in charge of Universities (from 8 June 1974 ) Alice Saunier-Seite - Secretary of State in charge of Universities (as of January 12, 1976, became Minister of Universities on 10 January 1978 ) Jacques Limouzy - Secretary of State to the Minister of National Education (since 12 April 1973 ) Suzanne Ploux - Secretary of State to the Minister of National Education (since 12 April 1973 ) Pierre Mazeaud - Secretary of State for Youth and Sports (from March 1, 1974 ) Pierre Billecocq - Secretary of State to the Minister of National Education Jacques Trorial - Secretary of State in charge of National Education Mary Magdalene Dienesch - Secretary of State in charge of National Education Maurice Herzog - Secretary of State for Youth and Sports (from 11 June 1963 ) Michel Habib Deloncle - Secretary of State in charge of Education (from 8 January 1966 ) Precursors
Charlemagne
The Old Regime and the French Revolution
From the Imperial University in the Royal Council of Public Instruction
From the Department of Education Department of Education
Powers
A central player for Education
Responsibilities of the Department of Education
Minister and Cabinet
Headquarters
Directorate of School Education
Secretariat
Other common services or made available
The decentralized administration
Public institutions under the Ministry
Ministry staff
Depending on their function
The teaching staff, education and guidance
The non-teaching staff
Vocational Health personnel (doctors, nurses) Administrative Staff Technicians, workers, service personnel Headquarters
Decentralized services
National public institutions State Personnel State Personnel State Personnel High schools, colleges State Personnel State Personnel Territorial Staff Schools State Personnel Territorial Staff Territorial Staff Depending on their status
Officials
The contract
Individual contractors
Programs Commitment authority Payment appropriations Global Mission 60 008 794 865 59 991 180 082 Public school education in the first degree 17 263 218 282 17 263 218 282 Public school education at the second level 28 685 718 465 28 685 718 465 Student Life 3 772 721 205 3 772 721 205 Private education of the first and second degree 6 946 656 559 6 946 656 559 Policy Support for Education 2 071 800 491 2 067 585 708 Agricultural Education (pm) 1 268 679 863 1 255 279 863 Images of the Ministry
Ministers of National Education
Date Name and Title 14 November 2010 Luc Chatel - Minister of National Education, Youth and Community Life
Valerie Pcresse - Minister of Higher Education and Research 23 June 2009 Luc Chatel - Minister of National Education, Government spokesman 18 May 2007 Darcos - Minister of National Education 2 June 2005 Gilles de Robien - Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research 31 March 2004 Franois Fillon - Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research 7 May 2002 Luc Ferry - Minister of Youth, National Education and Research 6 April 2000 Jack Lang - Minister of National Education 4 June 1997 Claude Allegre - Minister of National Education, Research and Technology 7 November 1995 Francois Bayrou - Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research 17 May 1995 Francois Bayrou - Minister of National Education, Higher Education, Research and Professional Integration 30 March 1993 Francois Bayrou - Minister of National Education 2 April 1992 Jack Lang - Minister of Education and Culture 15 May 1991 Lionel Jospin - Minister of State, Minister of National Education 23 June 1988 Lionel Jospin - Minister of State, Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports 12 May 1988 Lionel Jospin - Minister of State, Minister of National Education, Research and Sports 20 March 1986 Rene Monory - Minister of National Education 19 July 1984 Jean-Pierre Chevenement - Minister of National Education 22 May 1981 Alain Savary - Minister of National Education 5 April 1978 Christian Beullac - Minister of Education 29 May 1974 Ren Haby - Minister of Education 6 July 1972 Joseph Fontanet - Minister of National Education 22 June 1969 Olivier Guichard - Minister of National Education 13 July 1968 Edgar Faure - Minister of National Education 31 May 1968 Franois-Xavier Ortoli - Minister of National Education 28 May 1968 Georges Pompidou - Minister of Education, Acting 8 April 1967 Alain Peyrefitte - Minister of National Education 28 November 1962 Christian Fouchet - Minister of National Education 15 October 1962 Louis Joxe - Minister of Education, Acting 15 April 1962 Sudreau Pierre - Minister of National Education 20 February 1961 Lucien Paye - Minister of National Education 22 November 1960 Guillaumat Pierre - Minister of Education, Acting 15 January 1960 Louis Joxe - Minister of National Education 23 December 1959 Michel Debr - Minister of Education, Acting 8 January 1959 Andre Boulloche - Minister of National Education Bibliography
Schedule
Related articles
External Links
French education system Kindergarten Elementary College School Graduate Studies : University Diplomas Administrative Organization Ministry of Education Ministry of Higher Education and Research General Inspectorate of Education General Inspectorate of the Administration of National Education and Research Academy Rector and Vice-President ( list ) Inspector Academy Academy Inspector - inspector of schools Inspector of Education Specialized Agencies CNOUS CROUS CNVL CAVL Cned CNDP CASNAV CIEP AEFE
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