Min
Min ( Mishnaic Hebrew : , Frenchified in is a term used in the Talmud and Midrash to nominate dissident Jews, heretics or sectarians.
Although nothing indicates this with certainty, it is usually (but not universally) accepted that the term refers more often early Christians than other sects.
Summary |
Birkat HaMinim
The time at which appeared the Minim is unknown. They were annoying enough in any case against the Pharisee Judaism to appear repeatedly in the Talmud , with particular polemic Abbahou , and that Gamaliel of Yavneh establishes the Birkat HaMinim, (actually a curse) ? Samuel got the small and composed. - TB Brachot 28b-29a
The expression "to order" (the root sdr) shows that the common opinion saying the Birkat ha-minim is the 19th blessing in the prayer of the 18 blessings , this opinion is doubtful. According to a baraita on birkat yerualaym Boneh, 14th of sow ESREA :
"The XVIII (blessings mention) The minima in (the blessing) of Separated (Paron, e = 12), the Gerim (foreigners who convert) in (the blessing) of the Old (e = 13) and in David (the blessing ) yerualaym Boneh (= 14 th) "(Brachot t., III 25).
In other words, the 12th blessing, now called "minima", existed prior to the insertion of this motif, and the latter, but not this one, can be attributed to Raban Gamaliel, Simon ha Paqquli-or Samuel Petit, probably at the time of the Council of Yavne.
Here is the translation of one of its formulations: To the apostates, there is no hope. That the kingdom of impertinence be uprooted in our days, and that Notsrim Min and disappear in an instant. Let them be blotted from the book of life and are not written with the righteous. Blessed are You Lord, who submit a nerve.
Identity of Minim
The term Minim (species) was used by the sages of the Talmud to designate all kinds of dissidents to the orthodox Pharisee, for example those who claim to give Ten Commandments rule over the rest of the Torah .
Moses Maimonides enumerates in his Mishneh Torah (Hilkhot Teshuva 3:7) five kinds of Minim, which he defines as:
- Whoever says there is no God and no one rules the world
- Whoever says there is a world leader, but they are two or more
- Whoever says there is a master of the world, but provided with a body and an image
- Whoever says he is not the First and Only Creator of all
- He who honors a god besides Him, so that it serves as an intermediary between him and the Master of the World.
Maimonides also teaches (Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Tefilla 2:1) as the Birkat HaMinim was written against the "apikorsim" rather vague term whose primary meaning is "Jews became heretics in contact with philosophy Hellene ", but used indiscriminately against all kinds of heretics .
However, manuscripts kept in the library of Rome and the University of Cambridge (the latter from the Cairo Geniza and signed by Maimonides himself), are also minimal. The term Minim, understood as referring to the early Christians, both in the Talmud that in the Mishneh Torah, has often been censured by the ecclesiastical authorities and replaced by Sadducees.
For many, the Minim are the first Jewish Christians.
- In his commentary on the passage quoted (in the uncensored editions), Rashi explains as referring students to Jesus.
- In his History of the Jews , Heinrich Graetz wrote:
As a result of their growing hostility against their former faith, Judeo-Christians were regarded by the Sanhedrin of Jabneh as totally separate from Judaism, they were declared at the religious point of view, lower than the Samaritans , and in some respects, even to the Gentiles. It was forbidden to taste the Judeans of their meat, their bread and their wine, as they had been forbidden, shortly before the destruction of the temple, to taste foods from the pagans. Christian writings were treated as books of magic, and anathematized, he was expressly forbidden to have relations with the Jewish Christians, to serve them, to use the remedies they used in saying the name Jesus to heal the sick. Was inserted for them in the daily prayer a form of curse against the Minaeans and informers. This formula was written at the behest of the patriarch Gamaliel, by the young Samuel, and was named Birkat-HaMinim. It seems to have served in some sort of test to identify those who were secretly attached to Judeo-Christianity. Indeed, it was agreed that the officiant who undergo such a formula or prayer for the restoration of the Jewish state would be forced to immediately cease its function.
- In A Jewish reading of the Koran (Berg, 2005), Hai Bar-Zeev reports a folk etymology of MYN, which would be an acronym for Ma'amin Nozri Yeshua, the "Believers in Jesus of Nazareth" .
However, even than active, the sect of the proto-Christians was not yet a major power in the time of Gamaliel II , and they practiced the informers, they were far from a monopoly, the Talmud attributing this act to apikorsim most famous of that era, Elisha ben AVOUYI.
References
- It is not clear that Raban Gamliel has instituted a new blessing (see below), but if so, he broke the tradition saying that "No court can overturn the ruling of another court (earlier), unless it is greater in wisdom and number. ( Mishna ' Edouyot 1:5)
- Other older versions of the text (Rome, 1479-1480;) are Birkat HaMinim. The reference Tzedoukim could be the result of Christian censorship.
- S. Lieberman, The Tosefta, 1. The Order of Zera'im, New York, 1955, v. his comment in Tosefta ki-fshutah. Order Zera'im, 1, NY, 1995 53-55.
- Quoted by Dan Jaffe, The Talmud and the Jewish origins of Christianity p. 123, S. Schechter (1898) and J. Mann (1925)
- Simon Claude Mimouni Christians of Jewish origin in antiquity, Albin Michel, 2004. Dan Jaffe The Talmud and the Jewish origins of Christianity. Cerf, 2007
- In MT Teshuva 3:8 Hilkhot, he lists three kinds of Apikorsim, defined as:
- Whoever said there is no prophecy, that no science can the Creator to the human heart.
- He who repudiates the prophecy of Moses
- Whoever said the Creator does not know the deeds of men.
- History of the Jews, on wikisource
- The term Ma'amyn, thinking, appears in Deut. Isaiah 1.32 and 28.16.
This article incorporates text from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, article "MIN" by Joseph Jacobs & Broyd Isaac , a publication now in the public domain.
See also
Related articles
Links and external documents
- The legislation of the Birkat HaMinim, according to Maimonides, translated into French by Joseph Harrar, adjoining the site torah.org
- Bernard Lazare, Antisemitism: Its History and Causes (wikisource)
| Currents related to Judaism | Mosaic Yahwism Samaritanism Sabbatasme Frankisme |    |
| Historical currents | Judean sect: Sadducees Boethusiens Pharisees Chassidim Essenes Cult of the Dead Sea Zealots Sicarii Hellenistic Judaism : Jews of Elephantine Therapeutae Jews from the Hellenistic and Roman Egypt Min: Nazarenes Ebionites Crinthiens Elcsates Currents of the eighth century Issawi Yudghanisme | |
| Orthodox Judaism | Modern Orthodox Dati Leumi | |
| Ultra-Orthodox | Hasidim : Lubavitch Gur Breslav Belz Satmar Non-Hassidim : Mussar Edah Haredit Neturei Karta Hardal | |
| Karaism | Pineapple Benjamins Avelei Tzion Tiflissim Asheri Talmid | |
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