Millenarianism
Millenarianism, or chiliasm (or chialisme), supports the idea of an earthly reign of Messiah , after it has chased the Antichrist and before the Last Judgement.
This thought is present in certain strands of Judaism in the Apocalypse of John, the writings of the Apostolic Fathers and the Islamic Sunni and Shiite.
Since the late nineteenth century we are witnessing a resurgence of millenarianism through several religious communities, for example, the Jehovah's Witnesses , the Latter-day Saints (Mormons) or the Rastafarian movement.
By extension of meaning, similar traditions present in other religions , prophesying the return or the arrival of a deity creating a reign of extraordinary phenomena often preceded or calamity, are sometimes also called millenarianism.
Summary |
Judaic Writings intertestamental
- The Psalms of Solomon
- Enoch IV, see the Book of Enoch
- The Apocalypse of Baruch
- Jubilees
Apocalypse of John
- 20:1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.
- 20:2 He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years.
- 20:3 He threw him into the abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, that he should deceive the nations any more until the thousand years were ended. After that, he must be loosed a little time.
- 20:4 And I saw thrones, and those who were seated was given authority to judge. And I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image and had not received his mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
- 20:5 The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended. This is the first resurrection.
- 20:6 Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection! The second death has no power over them, but they shall be priests of God and Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years.
- 20:7 When the thousand years are ended, Satan will be loosed from his prison.
- 20:8 And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them for war, their number is like the sand of the sea
Apostolic Fathers
Epistle of Barnabas
Chapter 15:
- 1 The Scripture also refers to the Sabbath in the ten commandments that God told Moses on Mount Sinai, speaking to him face to face. "Sanctify the Sabbath of the Lord with pure hands and a pure heart"
- 3 The Sabbath is mentioned in the beginning, to creation: "God made in six days the works of his hands on the seventh day he finished and he rested the seventh day and blessed him"
- 4 Be careful, my children, what these words: "He finished his work in six days." This means that in six thousand years the Lord will finish everything, because for him a day means a thousand years. He himself testifies that the words: "Behold, the Lord will one day as a thousand years" . So, my children, in six days, that is to say six thousand years, all things have completed their course.
- 5 "He rested on the seventh" means: when his son will come to an end the days of "unfair" to judge the wicked, transforming the sun, moon and stars, then it will rest on the seventh day.
- 6 But he also said: "You shall hallow with pure hands and a pure heart" . If there was now a man capable of sanctifying, the purity of his heart, the day God made holy, the error is total.
- 7 But mark you, we will not enter fully into the rest to keep it holy, until we ourselves justified and we will be in possession of the promise when there will be no injustice and the Lord will renew all things. Then we can sanctify the seventh day, having been ourselves first sanctified.
- 8 In addition he said: "I can not stand your new moons or Sabbaths your" you see what he means, this is not the Sabbath of the present time that are acceptable to me, but one that I did, where I will rest and prepare for the start of an eighth day, which is the beginning of another world.
- 9 Thus we also celebrate the eighth day with joy, because in it Jesus rose from the dead, appeared and ascended to heaven.
Papias
From the fragments of speaking Papias we know that he supported the idea of an earthly reign of Christ. Many of these writings speak of this that the saints will eat at the millennium.
- (Adv. Hae. V, 33, 3): "There will be days when the vines grow, which will each have ten thousand stocks, each stock and ten thousand branches, and each branch ten thousand shoots, and each bud ten thousand clusters, and each cluster ten thousand grains, and each grain will hurry twenty-five mtrtes wine. And when the Saints will pick one of a cluster, another cluster him cry: I'm better, pick me, and I bless the Lord! Similarly the grain of wheat will produce ten thousand ears, each ear will be ten thousand grain and each grain will chnices of five lovely meal, and it will be the same, relatively speaking, for other fruits, for seeds and grass. And all the animals, using the food they receive from the earth, will live in peace and harmony with each other and will be fully subject to men. " (Trans. A. Rousseau).
- He said there will be a thousand years after the resurrection of the dead and the reign of Christ will be physically on this earth. I think after all this assumes understood through the stories of the apostles, and he did not appreciate the things said by them in figures and in a symbolic way ...
Irenaeus
Book V of History The time of Jewish eschatology Christ can be reduced to two basic systems, distinguished by the longer or shorter, eternal or temporal attributed to the reign of the Messiah. The first came from the latter coincides with the end of the world at his coming the wicked coalition against him, he defeated the ruling shall take place, the wicked are punished, good triumphing forever with the Messiah. In the second, ending the reign of the Messiah before the end of the world. After defeating his enemies, he rules a certain time the people of the righteous, then the universe is changed, the dead rise and are judged, each one receives its reward or its punishment: eternity begins. Found in both systems, although in a different order: According to J. Tixeront, History of Dogma The early Fathers of the Church that were Tertullian , St. Justin Martyr , Lactantius , Papias and St. Irenaeus believed in the first resurrection of the flesh. The many references to food or food show. This belief is also based on the interpretation of the Sabbath or seventh day as the earthly reign of Messiah. This first resurrection will occur after Christ has rejected the coalition of kings of the earth led by the Antichrist and Satan has been bound for a thousand years. During this period the martyrs are associated with the reign of the Messiah. At the end of this reign Satan will lead a second rebellion that will bring the coming of God, the Last Judgement and a new earth. The early Christians therefore the texts according to their literal meaning, dealing with events taking place in recent times. According to the specialist Jean Delumeau , millenarianism has persisted within the Church Christian to St. Augustine. This has reduced the millenarian belief because he saw in her future prospects too carnal and too little physical or spiritual. He therefore proposed a symbolic reading of the Apocalypse and taught that Christ's birth was the first thousand years of his reign on earth. The official authorities of the Catholic Church entrinrent this interpretation. Since St. Augustine decided that spiritual symbolism was preferable to the literal reading, several views of the millennium have emerged, which can be broadly classified into three categories. The amillenial refuse the idea of a reign of Jesus Christ on Earth. They equate the millennium with the everlasting kingdom (chapters 21 and 22 of the Apocalypse ) and apply the prophecies concerning the restoration of Israel to the Church. This is the doctrine of the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Anglican Church, the Reformed Church, the Lutheran Church and the Seventh Day Adventist Church. The postmillnaristes are the parousia , the return of the Messiah , after the thousand year reign. This period corresponds prosperous and blessed with a temporary victory of Christ's Church after the fall of the Roman Empire (cf. Rev 18.21). In short, a time of Christianity, before an offensive return of the spirit of evil (cf. Rv 20:7). Among these, Georgel Gaston explained his thesis in The Four Ages of Humanity. It is the millennium as being between the Edict of Milan ( 313 phonetically 1000 years) and the destruction of the Knights Templar ( 1313 ). This thesis is based on the work of a clergyman, Bishop Decouvoux makes millennial golden age of Christianity, and found a prelude to the unleashing of Satan at the end of the cycle. Closer to the literal, premillennial the design the return of Jesus Christ before the millennium. Those who associate the Millennium and the Rapture of the Church : first time, the Church will be removed and it will accompany the return of the Messiah to make the millennium {1 Thessalonians 4.16 - 18, King James Version Bible}. Some believe that the beginning of the millennium, marked by the return of Christ will be the time for the righteous access to heaven, Mormons for example, the Antichrist will be left alone on earth until the end of a thousand years, where he will be destroyed, and the Lorber-Bewegung says that Christ is already back on earth in spirit form by the writings of Jakob Lorber. The Jehovah's Witnesses believe about them than it will disappear during the war of God, called Armageddon, just before the millennium. Then the land gradually revert to what it was originally know paradise or Eden Jehovah's Witnesses The Jehovah's Witnesses follow the design of Nelson Barbour and Charles Taze Russell on the promise to "return" made by Christ. For them, this is not a physical return, but the grip of worldly affairs of the Kingdom of God. They want to show the meaning in ancient Greek the word parousia generally rendered by "return" or "coming", but in reality closer to the idea of "presence", which may be invisible. Then, Armageddon, people opposed to God according to the teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses will be destroyed, then Christ will reign for a thousand years during which he will bring paradise on earth conditions and raise the perfect survivors and resurrected that position themselves for the sovereignty of Jehovah. At the end of this millennium, the devil will be loosed to tempt humans after all what the rebels will be eliminated. Those who remain alive will live forever. References: John 5.28-29; Apocalypse chapters 20 and 21, Matthew chapters 24 and 25. For Latter-day Saints , during the millennium , which begins at the second coming of the Savior and will be an era of justice and peace on earth, Christ will reign personally upon the earth and Satan will be bound, so that has no place in the heart of people. All people on earth will be good and fair, although many have not received the fullness of the Gospel. Therefore, the missionary work will continue and the temple work. At the end of the thousand years, Satan will be loosed a little time to gather his forces. They will fight the Almighty, led by Michael. Satan and his followers will be defeated and then discarded forever. In the theology of Mormonism , the Second Coming refers to the second coming of Jesus Christ. When Jesus Christ ascended into heaven at the end of his mortal ministry, two angels told His apostles: "This Jesus, who was taken into heaven you will return in the same way as you have seen him go into heaven "(Acts 1:11). According to the Scriptures , when Jesus Christ returns, he will come in power and glory to the land of his kingdom. His second coming will be a time of fear and mourning for the wicked but will be a day of peace and victory for the righteous. Events and signs that must precede the Second Coming is described in Scripture (Isaiah 29:4-18, Joel 2:30,31, Malachi 4:5-6, Matthew 24, Acts 3:19-21, 2 Thessalonians 2:1-3, 2 Timothy 3:1-7, Apocalypse 14:6-7). The Second Coming will mark the beginning of the millennium. Judaism
Christianity
Differing interpretations of current
amillenial
Postmillnarisme
premillennialism
Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
References
See also
Bibliography
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External Links
Jewish Apocrypha
Apostolic Fathers
Interpretation
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