| Population | 1,307,495 inhab. (31-12-2009 . / / Geography Situation The city is located in a lowland area in the western part of Lombardy. It is located in the middle of a swampy area ("low") and is installed on an advanced dry land. The metropolis is irrigated by small rivers in the underground, the Lambro , the Olona , the Seveso , and several channels, Naviglio Grande, Naviglio Pavese, Martesana. It is located 25 km east of Ticino (Ticino), 25 km west of the Adda , 35 km north of the Po and 50 km south of Lake Como and the border Swiss. Several geographers have calculated the exact centroid of the city, this one located on the Via San Siro at number 33, street located near the metro Amendola Fiera. Milan is at the crossroads of several communication channels of regional, national and international level: it is connected to Turin to Genoa , to the axis of the Emilia-Romagna (the old Roman road Via Emilia), with the axis Brescia - Veneto , in Bergamo Orobic and valleys, alpine crossings of the Valtellina ( Val Venosta , Engadine Valley and High Rhine ), the Ticino (passes of San Bernardino , the Lukmanier and Gotthard ), the neck Simplon. This position, combined with the fertility of its territory, is the main factor that explains its history and its role both in respect of the Italian Alps that country. Climate Milan's climate is continental the same type as the Hungarian plain, with very marked seasonal differences: hot, humid summers and cold winters and potentially snowy. Thick layers of fog may cover the city and its surroundings. The rain is present all year round but is particularly pronounced during summer thunderstorms, and during disturbances Mediterranean autumn. | months | January | February | March | April | May | jul. | jul. | Aug. | September | October | November | December | year |
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| Average minimum temperature ( C ) | -2 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 8 | 4 | -1 | 7,5 |
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| Average maximum temperature ( C) | 5 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 29 | 28 | 24 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 14 |
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| Sunshine ( h ) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
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| Relative humidity (%) | 86 | 78 | 71 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 81 | 85 | 86 |
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| Rainfall ( mm ) | 64 | 63 | 82 | 82 | 97 | 65 | 68 | 93 | 69 | 100 | 101 | 60 | 1 017 |
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History Milan is founded by the Celts , the Insubres , a tribe native who probably belonged to the prehistoric culture of Golasecca. According to Livy , the city was founded by Gauls Bituriges led by Bellovesos , nephew of the legendary King Ambigatos. After being the largest city of the Gauls Insubres, Milan was conquered by -222 by Romans , following a bitter siege of the Roman consuls Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus and Marcus Claudius Marcellus. The conquest is thwarted by the arrival of Hannibal that local people must join forces. Only in the early years of the second century BC. AD and that Insubres Boii are subject to Roman rule. The Romans have given us the name of the city as Mediolanum (middle of the plain "), probably adapted from a Celtic place name. The legend tells that the arrival of the Romans , the golden Insubres prlevrent signs placed in the temple of Minerva , to take them in a safe place in mountain. The importance of military , political and economic enables the City to receive the title of municipality then imperial colony before becoming the chief town of the province of Liguria and Aemilia. In 286, Emperor Diocletian divided the empire into two parts, the capital of the West was moved to Milan, that of East Nicomedia. Maximian builds a large circus (or Racecourse , 470 x 85m), the "Thermae erculee "(bathroom). Since the first century Milan has a large auditorium (155 x 125 m), the third of the ancient world, after the Colosseum in Rome and that of Capua. Officially, the imperial court in Milan remains until 402 , when Ravenna became the new capital of the Western Empire. The emperor Constantine I will promulgate the Edict of Milan (313) legalizing Christian worship. With St. Ambrose Milan became one of the most important centers of Christianity. The Emperor Theodosius I was obliged to do penance, her head covered with ashes, outside the church. Following this humiliation, Theodosius take action against the pagans. In the Middle Ages and the modern era , Milan is the capital of a duchy held first by the families Visconti , whose name appears on the ramparts of the Castle Sforza. His dynasty held the city in 1263 until 1447 , then gave way to family Sforza after the brief interlude of government People's Republic Ambrosiana (1447-1450). The kings of France (Valois-Orlans) claiming dynastic rights to the duchy of Milan to participate in wars in Italy in the Renaissance. The city then passes into the hands of the Spaniards of Charles V in 1535 , then conquered by the Austrians in 1713 before becoming part of the Cisalpine Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1859 , the King of Sardinia, which later became king of Italy, seized Milan. Milan is also the episcopal see.
Were bishops of Milan : Chronology Emblem of the city The arms of the Commune of Milan consist of a coat white or silver, superimposed with a red cross, the shield is surmounted by a crown or black gold. All bordered by a branch of laurel , tied with a tricolor ribbon. The symbol was born in the early eleventh century by the merger of the sign of nobility, red, with that of the people, white. In March 1167, with the oath of Pontida , was formed between the main cities of northern Italy the Lombard League in order to fight the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and gain independence. The League adopted the emblem as a symbol of Milan. In 1176, the triumphant battle of Legnano , the emblem was hoisted on the " carroccio. From that moment the symbol of Milan became a symbol of authority and autonomy, and many cities of North Italy adopted it. Other symbols of Milan  The Wyvern (Biscione Italian), a symbol of the city of Milan - The first symbol of the city is an animal related to the etymology of Mediolanum and history of the founding of the city: "sow mid-hairy '(medio lanum).
The legend of the founding of Milan wants the Celtic Bellovesos decided to build a city where he found the animal magic goddess Belisama revealed to him in a dream. The sculpture of this " sow semi hairy "is a bas relief of the Palazzo della Ragione (in antiquity, building of public administration on the spot market of Milan). - A Biscione (the Bissa in Milan, translation of viper snake, the equivalent of wyvern ), which devours a child or a man, is symbolic of the house Visconti , and consequently that of the city of Milan. It is the symbol of power and eternity of the line, but it is also the symbol of evil, and for this reason it is never chosen in heraldry.
This symbol has been inserted into the logo of the Alfa Romeo , also the "Viper" is a symbol of Inter Milan, the other main football team in Milan. In 1978, this symbol with a flower in his mouth, became the emblem of the company Fininvest, S. Berlusconi. Places and monuments - Milan Cathedral , Duomo, or cathedral there.
- Basilicas paleo-Christian :
- Abbey of Clairvaux (Chiaravalle)
- Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie , where you can see The Last Supper , painting by Leonardo da Vinci
- Church of St. Alexander , who had 144 000 relics in the nineteenth century , deconsecrated, became a cultural day
- Church of San Maurizio al Monastero Maggiore
- Santa Maria presso San Satiro
- La Scala Opera
- Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II , nicknamed Il Salotto di Milano (Le Salon de Milan). This walkway brings together the most expensive shops and restaurants of the world's most stylish. You can admire beautiful arches and a magnificent dome of iron and glass.
- Pinacoteca di Brera , which brings together an important collection of paintings.
- Pinacoteca Ambrosiana (the Ambrosian Library )
- Villa Belgioioso Bonaparte - Museo dell'Ottocento
- Museo Poldi-Pezzoli
- Bagatti Valsecchi Museum : collections of objects and decorative art from the time of the Italian Renaissance in a historical house of the nineteenth century
- Museum of Science and Technology Leonardo da Vinci
- Castello Sforzesco Castle built in the fifteenth century by Francesco Sforza
- The Central Station , an important witness and imposing architecture of Mussolini (the courthouse)
- Cimitero Monumental di Milano
- The Pirelli Tower , 127m skyscraper near the station, which suffers the 2001 crash of a passenger airplane.
- Leonardo's Horse
Transport Airports Milan is served by three airports ( IATA generic code : MIL), located in the town of Grande Milano. the international airport of Malpensa (MXP), located in the province of Varese , is the largest airport in the city. It is connected to downtown by a shuttle train, the Malpensa Express , and various bus lines. It is the second largest airport in Italy after the airport Leonardo da Vinci Rome Fiumicino. The airport of Linate (LIN), closer, is reserved for domestic and European lines. It lies east of the city and is easily accessible. Finally, in Bergamo , is the airport of Bergamo-Orio al Serio (BGY) international, it is mainly used by low cost carriers and charter flights, cargo and some services at low prices. Overall, the three airports handle an annual traffic of about 34 million passengers, and is the largest airport system in Italy (that in this region that concentrates the largest share of the Italian air traffic). Metro The Milan subway has three lines: - M1, rossa (red)
- M2, verde (green)
- M3 gialla (yellow)
The network is managed by the MTA and is distinguished by its trademark "M" white on red. It stretches over 80 km. Station Gobba Cascina (M2), also share an automated metro line that connects it to nearby University Hospital San Raffaele (metro San Raffaele) The network expansion is in progress or planned: extension during the M3 over 15 km and 10 new stations, construction of the new line M5, which should enter service in 2011, the M4 line (direct connection with the Linate airport) and M6 are being studied.  img src = "http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width = "15" height = "11" alt = "" /> Milan tram Tramways The trams are a familiar sight in Milan. They share with the cars , pavement. This is one of the tram networks most extensive in the world with 300 km of track serving the entire Grand Milan. Railways urban and suburban The "suburban rail service (line" S "), composed of roughly 10 suburban lines, serving a large part of the Milan metropolitan area (Greater Milan), and other important neighboring centers ( Saronno , Varese , Como , Novara , etc..) from the railway station Milano Centrale. These lines, which is a regional express network , is jointly operated by Trenitalia and Ferrovie Nord Milano. The 8 S lines are clocked at least half an hour, from 6am to 0.30am every day of the year. Trains run every hour on the same minutes ( regular timetable ) and serve all the stations of the line. In Milan, we borrow a ticket areas. After the completion of ferroviario Passante, Milan and integrated line across the network "S", is being studied one second section passing through the town to the west .. The "regional rail service (lines" R "), linking Milan to the rest of Lombardy and the national railway network. The three transport systems are distinct and recognizable from outside the stations and stops with lights showing signs of M, S or R, thus facilitating connections between systems. The future of Milan Today, the city experienced a profound reversal of the architectural point of view, with a share of the operations of vast urban renewal districts and other major projects that seek, through an ambitious architecture, expressing the economic vitality of Milan. This is the case of the new "Fiera di Milano", the renovation of La Scala, the project will include three Citylife skyscraper heights between 170 and 218 meters, the European Library, the neighborhood S. Giulia the "citt della moda" which will culminate at the highest at 220 meters tall, the skyscraper's future headquarters of the Lombardy region (163 m), the two skyscrapers Vaserine who reach 140 and 150 meters, buildings ex Falck-"Sesto S. Giovanni (110 m), a project of skyscrapers over 215 meters, another town hall of 150 meters and a final project called Famagusta (150 m). All these projects will profoundly change the landscape of the city of Milan, who will no longer be dominated by "Il Duomo" or by the ancient figure of the Pirelli skyscraper (127 m) or the intriguing " Torre Velasca "which dates 1,950 years (one hundred and six meters), but new construction of high rise buildings that will compete at European level with those in districts like Moskva-City in Moscow , La Defense in Paris or the City in London. Milan will receive international exposure in 2015. Economy Milan is the industrial and economic center of Italy, with a GDP of 241.2 billion ( 312.3 billion) in 2004. There is also the Italian Stock Exchange in the city, located in Piazza Affari. Many very large companies, such as UniCredit , Luxottica , Banca Intesa , Alfa Romeo , Vodafone Italy , Italia, Lufthansa , Fininvest , TIM , and Banca Popolare di Milano in Milan were born, or are in the big city. Culture Leonardo da Vinci painted in Milan, in particular his famous painting The Last Supper. Other famous artists have practiced their art as Caravaggio. During the Austrian rule, the city sees the development of numerous art schools, and its ballet and opera : the Teatro Regio Ducale. Three operas of Mozart were created in this drama: Mitridate, re di Ponto ( 1770 ), Ascanio in Alba ( 1771 ) and Lucio Silla ( 1772 ). Mozart almost became the official composer of the ducal court, but the Empress Maria Theresa refused it because Mozart was considered a composer of "vagrant". During the following century, with the Scala , the Teatro alla Canobbiana the Carcano and other theaters, Milan became a major center of the lyrical opera in Europe. It welcomes foreign composers of German (Mozart, Simon Mayr and Giacomo Meyerbeer ), Neapolitan ( Saverio Mercadante , Vito Niccol Piccinni ...) but also other Italian states ( Vincenzo Bellini , Gioachino Rossini , Gaetano Donizetti , Giuseppe Verdi ). The first operas by Verdi ( Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio and Nabucco ) as his last masterpieces ( Otello and Falstaff ) are created at La Scala. The maestro is buried alongside his wife the soprano Giuseppina Strepponi in the chapel of the Casa di riposo per musicisti , the retirement home for musicians he founded in Milan. During the twentieth century , major theatrical institutions are emerging as the Piccolo Teatro hosted by Giorgio Strehler , Paolo Grassi and Comune founded by Dario For ( Nobel Prize for Literature ) and Franca Rame. It was at Milan, which is held every year since 1991 , towards the end of March or early April, the African Film Festival , which led to the discovery and top filmmakers such as Idrissa Ouedraogo , Haile Gerima , Moufida Tlatli , Rachid Belhadj , Cheick Oumar Sissoko , Abderrahmane Sissako ... Since 2004 , the festival was open to films from Asia and the Latin America , taking the name of Festival of African Cinema, Asia and Latin America. The Notebook ( 2007 ) of the young filmmaker Iranian Hana Makhmalbaf has won an award in 2008. The city is also known to be a world capital of fashion , with Paris, London and New York. Many companies and seams, as Gucci , Versace , Giorgio Armani SpA , Valentino SpA , Prada and Dolce & Gabbana are in Milan. Many other companies, such as Chanel , Salvatore Ferragamo , Dior , Abercrombie & Fitch , Louis Vuitton and Hermes have a shop in the city, especially in the prestigious Via Montenapoleone and Via della Spiga. Milan is also the birthplace of the RAI (Italian Radio Television) now based in Rome. In Milan were born other newer channels such as Mediaset (Canale 5, Italia 1, Rete 4). Religion Milan retains a rite Catholic particular rite Ambrosian (rito Ambrosiano). Religious ceremonies are a little different from other parts of Europe. There are also some differences in timing (eg, the Milan carnival takes place a few days behind the rest of the world). The most important difference is the presence of Ambrosian chant, instead of singing Gregorian , unknown and unused in Milan. For the conservation of this song (older than the Gregorian) there, in Milan, institute, the PIAM. The Ambrosian Rite is used in the parishes of Milan, a few parishes Bergamo , Como and Cremona and in Switzerland. Ethnic diversity Here is a table of residents in Milan in 2007. They come from 153 countries worldwide. Sport - The main sport is of course the football , the town being a reference material for all fans and obviously occupies an important place in the heart of Italians , and even in those of Milan, because of two great clubs located in the city that are AC Milan (Rossoneri), and Inter Milan (Nerazzurri).
In Italy the two teams are still known as just "Milan and Inter." Moreover, the two teams play in the same place in the famous Giuseppe Meazza Stadium , more commonly known as the San Siro , the scene of the greatest games of Championship Italian and Cups European. Derbies, called Derby della Madonnina matches are very intense during which exacerbated the historic rivalry between the two clubs and their fans, but i Cugini (cousins) will meet first. - Milan was named European Capital of Sport for the year 2009 Cooking and gastronomy
The restaurants are mostly concentrated in the historical center, districts and Brera '. In general, in the historic center and Brera, there are more sophisticated and elegant restaurants, and Navigli, more rustic restaurants, trattorias and osterie like. There are also many ethnic restaurants that are an alternative to traditional cooking. In Milan, we eat well, but the price of a meal is a bit high. Typical dishes from the kitchen Milanese are: Personalities People born in Milan - Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527 - 1593), Mannerist painter - Caravaggio ( one thousand five hundred and seventy-one - one thousand six hundred ten ), painter baroque born under the name of Michelangelo Merisi
- Claudio Abbado ( 1933 - ...), conductor.
- Maria Gaetana Agnesi ( 1,718 - 1,799 ), linguist, mathematician and philosopher.
- Enrico Alvino ( 1809 - in 1872 ), architect and urban planner, particularly active in Naples in the mid- nineteenth century.
- Cesare Beccaria ( 1738 - 1,794 ), philosopher and thinker of the late eighteenth century.
- Silvio Berlusconi ( 1936 - ...), businessman and politician, President of Italian ( 1994 - 1995 , 2001 - 2006 and 2008 - ...).
- Pier Silvio Berlusconi (1969 -...), Italian businessman
- Enrico Bombieri ( 1940 - ...), mathematician, winner of the Fields Medal in 1974.
- Federico Borromeo ( 1,564 - 1 631 ), ` Cardinal , Archbishop of Milan from 1595 to 1631.
- Henry Conneau ( 1,803 - 1877 ), physician to Emperor Napoleon III , to Eugenie de Montijo , the Queen Hortense and the Bonaparte family.
- Giorgio Intoppa ( 1981 - ...): Player International of Rugby.
- Paolo Maldini ( 1968 - ...), footballer, evolving in the defense of AC Milan.
- Roland de Medici (c. 1330 - 1386 ), religious Italian , hermit Emilia , Catholic saint.
- Pietro Moscati ( June 1739 - Milan 19 January 1824 - Milan), physician and politician Italian of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
- Gian Giacomo Trivulzio ( one thousand four hundred forty-eight - 1,518 ), known in France under the name of Jacques Trivulce , Military Italian Renaissance , Marshal of France in 1499
- Orio Vergani ( 1 899 - 1 960 ), journalist , photographer and writer
Personalities linked to Milan Blazon - Argent a cross gules.
Administration Areas of Milan Areas of Milan Common Boundary Arese , Assago , Baranzate , Corsico , Peschiera Borromeo , Rho , Sesto San Giovanni , Cormano , Cologno Monzese , Bresso , Novate Milanese , Vimodrone , Pero , Segrate , Settimo Milanese , Cusago , Cesano Boscone , Trezzano sul Naviglio , San Donato Milanese , Buccinasco , Rozzano , Opera Demographics Registered population (in thousands)  Twinnings References See also Related articles External Links  on
 Milan (pallets shipping)
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