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Mauretania Cesarean

Mauretania Caesarean is a province of ancient Rome , the eastern part of the Mauretania, which corresponded to the current Algeria and West Central. To the west of Roman Africa , the Mauretania.

Summary

/ / History of the province of Africa
EVOLUTION OF THE AFRICAN PROVINCE
Beginning of the Roman conquest Carthage Kingdom of Numidia Eastern ( Massyles ) Western Numidia ( Massaessyles ) Kingdom of Mauretania
of 146 BC. AD Africa Numidia Mauretania
of 105 BC. AD Africa (after annexation of part of Numidia) Eastern Numidia Western Numidia Mauretania
of 45 BC. AD Africa Vetus Africa Nova Western Numidia (above: IV coloniae Cirtensium) Eastern Mauretania (after annexation of western Numidia) Western Mauretania
of 27 BC. AD Africa Proconsular Mauretania
of 41 AD Africa Proconsular Mauretania Cesarean Mauretania Tingitana
of 193 Africa Proconsular Numidia Mauretania Cesarean Mauretania Tingitana
After the reform of Diocletian Africa Zeugitane Africa Bizacne Numidia Mauretania Cesarean Mauretania Setif Mauretania Tingitana


An important client kingdom

The Mauretania was first a client kingdom Rome under Bocchus and Juba II , "the wisest of kings." The status of the kingdom was not yet that of a real independence from the reign of Augustus, the kingdom of Mauretania sees the installation of Roman colonies.

The Provincializing

Mauretania came under direct Roman administration in the reign of Caligula. By 40 , he eliminated the last king of Mauretania, Ptolemy , because of its possible involvement in a plot to overthrow him. The assassination of Caligula, shortly afterwards, prevented him from organizing the takeover, and it was Claude who transformed the Kingdom into two provinces: Mauretania Cesarean named after its capital Caesarea (today Cherchell ) on an area corresponding to the center and west of present Algeria , capital of the ancient kingdom in the west of Mauritania Tingitana , like its twin, with Tingis as its capital, in an area corresponding to the north of the current Morocco.

When transforming the province, the region of Caesarea showed no real hostility, unlike Tingitane raised by Aedemon , a freedman of Ptolemy, who leaned on the tribes of Moors. Once crushed the revolt in 42 , the two provinces are assigned to procurators. Subsequently, they received a salary of 200,000 sesterces, the position of being Cesarean highest position in the hierarchy than Tingitana.

The Caesarean section was an important Roman military garrison, but consists only of auxiliary troops. If however the presence of Legionnaires was required, the procurator could receive the title of legate to be able to lead. In the war against the Moors, during the reign of Antoninus Pius , the army of the province was supported by troops coming from Legionnaires Britain and auxiliary troops came from Pannonia. At the end of the second century , the province had about 16 wings and 5 cohorts including a Mile, a theoretical total of over 10,000 men.

A provincial land moving

In 41 , the territory directly controlled by Rome only a narrow coastal strip. Subsequently, under Hadrian , the control is carried inside with a line of forts linked by roads along an east-west. Some of these forts were the origin of cluster development, such as Rapidum.

Finally, under Septimius Severus provincial territory controlled directly experiencing its greatest extent, the border is still postponed further south along the nova praetentura road dotted with military camps, the most western (Numerus Syrorum) monitored the contact zone with Tingitane that Rome was still struggling to deal with.

Geography and economy of the province

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The revolt of magnitude discussed

The relationship to the conquest of the Moors and the Roman administration has created many historical works and sometimes bitter controversies. If a French colonial historiography was first portrayed as rebellious these Moors and assimilated, their revolt were then treated to a resistance (including Marcel Bnabou , in 1976 ). P.-A. February but called for a strong Moorish relativize this threat and has emphasized the highly literary sources emphasizing these revolts. If large revolts are certified as under Antoninus Pius , one can not imagine today Caesarean section as a province where wars and rebellions are permanent, and it also puts more value in the relationship between Rome and Tribes: alliances, links of patronage and clientele, military recruitment, indirect government (through the principles of the gentes, then praefecti gentis). Disorders and 227 need not be seen as a vast heave but as a consequence of local census operation (according to Mr. Christol example). The second part of the third century saw major upheavals grow east of the province, and lead to real wars.

Changes in the third century

In the third century , from 253 approximately in the region of Auzias , uprisings important place on the peoples of Bavarians , the Quinquegentanei and Fraxinenses , with their leader Faraxen. these upheavals threaten the neighboring province of Numidia. The excitement lasts until the end of the century, with periods of more or less violent. He returned to Tetrarch Maximian to restore order in his expedition of 297 - 298. No doubt also that alliances with leading conductors Moors, like ancestors of Firmus and Gildo also helped to bring peace.

As part of the reorganization of the provinces Cesarean section was divided into two provinces: Cesarean section west of the former territory and around Caesarea and Sitifienne east around Sitifis (current Setif ), a thriving city in the Late Antiquity as it showed searches P.-A. February. It seems that the new provincial division has entered into force in 303 , along with the reorganization of the other African provinces, on the basis of a previous subdivision that would have divided the old province into two areas, perhaps military districts.

If, for C. Polite dissent of Moorish nomads of the interior had reduced the Caesarean again to a narrow coastal strip greatly diminished in the west, the current research tends to show that Roman control was not so diminished. The region completely escapes to Rome after the invasion of the Vandals in the fifth century. After vandals, Mastigas , Berber leader takes over a part of Mauritania Cesarean The end of Roman

In the sixth century , the reconquest of Justinian established a beachhead Byzantine around Septem Fratres / Ceuta / Sabta. Its Byzantine governor is also responsible division of Spain and Gaul. The last, Julien would have helped to move the Arab-Berber conquerors in Spain in 722.

Miscellaneous information

List of some cities of Mauretania-Caesarean

The image of the Moor in antiquity

Note that in Gaul , from the fourth century , a person of dark complexion could be called Maurus or Maura. An aunt of the poet Bordeaux Ausone was well known.

References

References

  1. Collection of records and memories of the Archaeological Society of ..., Volume 17 By Archaeological Society of the Department of Constantine, page 309 Book Online

Bibliography


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