Martial Guroult
Martial Gueroult, born at Havre on 15 December 1891 and died in Paris on 13 August 1976 , is a philosopher and historian of philosophy , particularly the philosophy of the seventeenth century.
The work of Guroult is crossed by two features: a great care taken in the history of philosophy, which is not "less noble" than philosophical production, and a rigorous routine and a strong requirement (structural or or, in the words of Canguilhem , "internalist"), denying any philosophical appeal to transcendence.
Summary |
Biography
Gueroult integrates the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1912 and is almost immediately called to military service for three years. Jules Vuillemin told in these terms of military experience Gueroult:
- "Mobilized August 2, 1914, Gueroult August 20 is injured at the Battle of Lorraine Work
History of philosophy
Guroult has written several books on history of philosophy, many of which have become references:
- The antidogmatic of Kant and Fichte , 1920
- Transcendental Philosophy of Solomon Maimon , 1929
- Evolution and structure of the doctrine of science in Fichte , 1930
- Leibniz Dynamics and metaphysics. Followed by a note on the principle of least action in Maupertuis , 1934
- Scope and psychology in Malebranche , 1939
- Berkeley. Four studies on perception and on God, 1956
- Malebranche , 1953-1958
- Descartes in the order of reasons, 1953
- Volume 1: The Soul and God
- Volume 2: The Soul and body
- Spinoza , 1968-1974
- Volume 1: God (Ethics, Book I)
- Volume 2: The Soul (Ethics, Book II)
- Studies on Fichte , 1979
The book on Spinoza was not completed, Guroult having encountered problems in building the passage in Book II of Book III of the Ethics and died before the rewrite.
In his works, Guroult strives to show how philosophical discourse is self-transcendence: it is itself under its own internal logic.
Controversy over Descartes
A controversy pitted him against Ferdinand Alqui about Descartes : Guroult was studying "the order of reasons", that is to say in a systematic way, while studying as a Alqui the existential journey.
Dianomatique
Historian of philosophy, Guroult attended several of the greatest writers, but a philosopher, he has lost interest in the conditions of possibility of a history of philosophy in general.
The culmination of the work of the Dianomatique Guroult should be, but he died before its completion. It consists of two books:
- Paper 1: History of the History of Philosophy
- Volume 1: In the West, from its beginnings to Condillac, 1984
- Volume 2: In Germany, Leibniz to the present day, 1988
- Volume 3: In France, Condorcet to the present, 1988
- Book 2: Philosophy of the History of Philosophy, 1979
The first book (three volumes) examines the various reports that philosophy was able to maintain its history. The second raises the question: how a history of philosophy is it possible, taking into account the seemingly contradictory requirements of philosophy as the study of eternal truths, and history as a school of skepticism?
Influence
Guroult has exerted great influence on:
- Pierre Bourdieu , who made a submission under his direction on Animadversiones of Leibniz ;
- Gilles Deleuze , who admires his books on Spinoza , Leibniz , Malebranche and scientific rigor;
- Michel Foucault , for rigorous analysis of philosophical systems;
- Genevieve Rodis-Lewis ;
- Jules Vuillemin , who saw himself as his disciple.
Bibliography
- Ginette Dreyfus , "The structural method and Gueroult Mr. Spinoza," The Age of Science, 1969, p. 240-275
- Jules Vuillemin "Gueroult (Martial), Friendship Association of Former Students of the Ecole Normale Superieure, 1977, p. 59-63
- Jules Vuillemin , Ginette Dreyfus , Louis Guillermit and Victor Goldschmidt , "Martial Gueroult" Archiv fr Geschichte der Philosophie, 1977, p. 289-312
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