Marcion
Marcion's Bridge or Sinope was a personality of early Christianity from the late first century and the first half of the second century (~ 85 - ~ 160 Biography Marcion was the founder in East of Church who said Christian, first recognized Doctrine According to Marcion, there are two gods: the good God, the outside world and to matter, and the demiurge , a creator god who created the material world. The demiurge created the world of sense and humanity. He is the god of the Old Testament , the founder of the Act, which chose the people of Israel as a chosen people. It's a god who makes justice in the name of his law, a severe god, vindictive and inherently evil. The good God is unlike the supreme God, without the limitations of the god of matter. Stranger to the world, to matter, the Act, his transgressions and therefore sin is a loving God more than justice. It was he who brought forth Jesus Christ came to abolish the Old Testament and the worship of his creator. This dualism is based on the opposition gospel-Law, an opposition found in the apostle Paul, who is here pushed to its climax. The creator god is talking about the Old Testament creates a weak man. This God chooses a people, Israel, gives the Act and promised a Messiah. The Old Testament is still valid as the revelation of a just god and creator, but limited and foreign to love. The supreme God, the good God has mercy on the men and decide to save them, that is to say to release the yoke of the law for them to do good. This God sends his son, who takes a body like men, but not carnal, because the material is poor. The creator god see that Jesus preached a God above, he persecutes the book and the death of the cross. As the creator of domination continues, salvation can be obtained only at the end of time Marcion rejected so radically the Old Testament. However, the early Christian writings did not always justify his theories. Marcion considered that the authors of the Gospels had misunderstood the message of Jesus and had included Judaizing notions about the Demiurge. So he began keeping a record of evidence which justified its primitive doctrine, a New Testament. He kept that gospel , that of Luke (a very Pauline gospel in its doctrines), and 10 epistles of Paul. And as he considered these writings were contaminated items Judaizers, he kept pure, more under his theses on the basis of historical criticism. For example, he suppressed the beginning of the Gospel according to Luke , up 4.32 (miraculous birth of Christ), and several passages of the Epistle to the Romans. It also retouched texts, especially those where Jesus is identified with the god of the Old Testament. Marcion seems to have been the first to have assembled a collection of writings of apostolic origin, which had three parts: Evangelion, the Epistles, and Antithesis. Antitheses have been lost. With Tertullian , we know that they should have two parts: a historical and dogmatic, showing how, according to Marcion, the pure gospel was altered, and some exegetical. After his dispute with the Christian community of Rome, Marcion founded a church made up of dissident believers, clergy and places of worship. This quiescent current: The cult Marcionite had certain peculiarities: According to Marcion, the procreation of children was an act of submission to the Law of the creator god (the demiurge ), so an act unworthy of a Christian. No candidate was admitted to baptism Marcionite if he was willing to lead from there a life of absolute continence. For Marcionites, marriage took place with Christ, and communal life of the spouses was considered a divorce in respect of Christ. Doubtless those who bent this requirement does not they formed the majority. The martyrs were numerous among Marcionites; include among them the presbyter Metrodorus of Smyrna, who suffered the torment of fire as Polycarp and, during the same persecution, a woman who was killed at the time of Valerian in Caesarea of Palestine, a bishop Asclepius who, under Diocletian, was also burned at Caesarea on the same pyre as the Orthodox Apselamus. Marcion would have followers Ambrosius, Apelles, Blastus, and Basilicus Potitus, Marcellina, Pithon, Prepon, Synaros, Theodotion. Justin Martyr says, about 155 (I Apol. 26) that the influence of Marcion spread throughout the empire at that date, the Marcionites were likely to Rome. Around 208 , Tertullian affirmed that "the heretic Marcion tradition filled the universe" (CM 5 / 19), which was not the case with the Great Church. In the fourth century Epiphanius counted, among the places "infected" by the Marcionism, of Italy , of Egypt , the Palestine , the Arabian , of Syria , Cyprus , the Persian (Ilaer. 42.1). The Marcionism began to wane in the West in the third century while he remained active in the east. In 318 - 319 , a church was built Marcionite Lebaba near Damascus ; registration Chrestos mentioned. In the fifth century , Theodoret , Bishop of Cyprus , writing Pope Leo I , declared: "I turned in my career more than a thousand Marcionites living in eight villages. When Marcionism disappeared, his followers joined groups generally Manichaean ; is located in progenies Paulicians the Bogomil , the Cathars. Marcion was a serious danger to the Church and this explains why, from the third quarter of the second century , most Christian writers Justin to Tertullian (Dionysius of Corinth, Philip of Crete, Theophilus of Antioch , Philip Gortyn Modeste, Irenaeus of Lyons , Hippolytus, Melito of Sardis , Miltiades , Proclus, Clement of Alexandria , Rhodon , etc..) wrote texts against him and his doctrines. Towards the end of the second century , Bardesanes of Edessa was writing against Marcion Dialogues in Syriac which added to the criticisms launched in Greek and who soon would be in Latin. In the fourth century , Ephrem the Syrian also criticized the doctrine. Marcion's doctrine was to be old when she was attacked. It is difficult to know the origins. Besides a personal reading of the Pauline epistles, there may be influences of Gnosis, or others? Marcion found in all of these elements, we speak of a heightened Paulinism ... It's hard to know if he wanted to bring the Gnosis and Christians? Was Marcion Gnostic ? In fact, the Fathers of the Church have assimilated to the Gnostics and saw in him - after Simon Magus - the second great heretic of Christianity emerging. Marcion retain its mystery as the only text available to him are those of its detractors. Maybe do we find other sources? The weakening of Marcionism is due to combined causes: All contributed greatly to the victory of the latter. Current Marcionite
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