Malek Chebel
| Malek Chebel | |
| Eastern philosophy | |
| Contemporary Philosophy | |
 | |
| Birth | 1953 in Skikda (  Algeria ) |
|---|---|
| Nationality | Algeria |
| Main interests | religion , Islam , liberal Islam , psychoanalysis , freedom |
| Major works | Manifesto for an Islamic Enlightenment |
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Malek Chebel is an anthropologist of religion and philosopher born in Algeria in 1953 at Skikda. He studied in Algeria and in France to Paris , where he also studied psychoanalysis , an activity he exerted a time. He still lives today in Paris. He has taught at many universities worldwide.
Essayist, author of specialized books on the Arab world and Islam and creator of "Islamic Enlightenment" (2004), Malek Chebel holds conferences in many European and African countries, and works in a wide Survey of European Islam. He is known for his reflections on Islam, its culture , its history, its intellectual life, its eroticism. It is also known for his public pronouncements in favor of a liberal Islam and in favor of reforming Islam, including some positive aspects of modern politics.
Summary |
Born in 1953 in Skikda in Algeria , Malek Chebel completed his primary and secondary schools and then earned his bachelor philosophy and Arabic letters. He joined in 1977 at the University of Ain El-Bey Constantine. In 1980, he received his first doctorate in clinical psychopathology and psychoanalysis at the University of Paris 7. Then in 1982 , Malek Chebel obtained his doctorate in anthropology , of anthropology and religious studies at Jussieu, and in 1984 his Ph.D. political science at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. In 1995 , it is entitled to the direction of research at the Sorbonne. He has practiced and lectured in Europe, the Arab world and the Americas: in universities in France ( the Sorbonne , Paris IV), in Morocco , University of Marrakech , in Tunisia , in several higher education institutions in Egypt, the United U.S. , Berkeley and Stanford, San Francisco , at the UCLA in Los Angeles at the CUNY New York , Rockefeller University in Chicago , in Belgium the ULB in Brussels ...
Malek Chebel was part of the Group of Wise Persons which, with Romano Prodi , President of the European Commission , reflecting on the cultural implications induced by Europe , particularly in its relations with the south shore of the Mediterranean , causing the development of the first Euro-Mediterranean charge. It now looks particularly the work of the Union for the Mediterranean (UPM).
Thought
The prolific work of Malek Chebel, fed her three baggage historian, psychoanalyst and anthropologist is mainly devoted to the defense of freedom in all its forms, political freedom, freedom of thought, living and loving , and its place in the Islam and Muslim culture. Declined as the object of perception, construction, practice, freedom of thinking about Malek Chebel to work on the body, desire, love, gender relations, but also tolerance, political commitment, donation.
He has authored several forewords, including that of the Quran translated by Edouard Montet (Editions Payot). This preface is devoted to the new methodology for interpretation of the Koran. Malek Chebel took a strong position to advocate what he considers to be a modern Islam. Whether it is sailing from him about the "secondary" - which does not prevent the claim to qualify as a "regression" - this is still the need to address problems for men by men themselves, not by recourse to religion in the name of God, or by invoking the name of God.
Islam and the West
His book, Islam and free will is to understand Islam in its relation to the West. Understand the ways of thinking, living, the sensitivity of the other, to overcome hatred. Leave room to another. There is also a question mark on the place of freedom in Islam and a plea for a replay of Islam and its traditions.
Malek Chebel also wrote to rehabilitate Islam. In the West , Muslims may arouse suspicion and hatred but also of misunderstanding. Malek Chebel, an expert on Islam, believes that if Islam is at the heart of the debates of the century, it is first important to understand and know him. According to his analysis, Muslims suffer from the negative image of their religion.
"Most Muslims are caught between a small group of violent Muslims, who want to Islamicize the world, and the vast majority of Westerners do not understand Islam."
He reminded that Islam is plural, and is also alive. He recalled that in the past, Islam has been innovative in many aspects of life. It analyzes a sociologist with a grid of evolution and change of mentality within the Muslim world. Malek Chebel argues that through the centuries, there were long periods of peace, creativity and happiness:
"On behalf of those centuries that I work on behalf of a large number of scholars, writers, grammarians, lawyers, doctors or sultans and caliphs dilettantes that I speak, being with others, the custodian of this heritage. "
He denounced the Manichaeism of fundamentalists , because according to him, the Islamic fundamentalists bring the thought of Islam in the seventh century. They want to forget and erase the Muslim contribution in the field of philosophy, and all the reforms and changes that religion has known, according to history and as a result of events.
Malek Chebel think they cling rigidly authoritarian and Koran and theologians to give fundamentalist Koran reading completely anachronistic. Their design is limited to a dualistic and dogmatic vision of life where everything is categorized in terms of pure and impure. Malek Chebel refuses this Manichaeism, he said it is a misuse of Islam, its culture and tradition, which we are witnessing a global scale, which is disastrous for the Muslim world, totally regressive and even destructive because it represents a dangerous confinement, which maintains more, misunderstanding of the West to respect and enmity.
In stark contrast to this line fundamentalist defense of purity, Malek Chebel calls for an "Islamic Enlightenment", a notion that gives its title to one of his last works. Islam which he speaks is that of sharing:
"Whoever brings the world of algebra , the arithmetic , perfumery, brilliant cuisine, music, house of wisdom and care of cosmology , based on reason, knowledge and work on exchange and respect for others. I tried to show that Islam is more human than we think it is more accessible, closer to us, it speaks to the heart, emotion and is not to sow terror "
This manifesto for an Islamic Enlightenment is as follows:
Associate Islam with the Enlightenment: that relationship is included in the momentum in the nineteenth century and continued by many reformists who wanted to change the face of this religion based on the work of reason. These thinkers have been accused of heresy. Today, the debate is more relevant than ever: the Islam is compatible with the Republic ? What is the role and status of free speech, of secularism , the equality of the sexes, of tolerance or democracy ? Should we adapt the Islam to modernity or otherwise adapt modernity to Islam , as claimed by the fundamentalists ?
In twenty-seven propositions, Malek Chebel answers to these questions without obscuring the contradictions of Islam nor evade the difficult questions: it is the theoretician of "another Islam, an Islam in touch with the real.
He has just published Islam, French passion: an anthology, to better understand the perception that Westerners have of that religion. The book is well presented by the editor:
The perception we have of the third religion monotheistic is very old. Evidenced by many classic authors interested in the religion of the Prophet , which has always provoked passionate reactions from enthusiasm to suspicion. This anthology seeks to reflect a concern that has lasted for centuries and which was expressed in many ways. It talks about faith, Muhammad , mosques, Ramadan , rites, of East ... Number of landmarks are described Jeddah, Mecca , Jerusalem , Al-Azhar , Cordoba ... In Pascal , Montesquieu and Voltaire to Islamic scholars of the twentieth century,Massignon or Rodinson, through the travel writers of the nineteenth century century, the French perspective provides the necessary perspective to better understand the world is coming.
The erotic specific to Arab culture
The other part of the work, scholarly, also sheds light on the unique culture of Islam in the guise of erotic life, the relationship between gender, art and other niceties of Eastern culture that fascinated the West since the discovery of the East.
It's all part of his work, where you can find a psychoanalyst and anthropologist teamed up to enter the morals, the imagination and the erotic through the history of Islam and the Muslim world, or all these books that speak of love and desire in Islam, to show the uniqueness, richness, refinement and recall, or even to revive, while analyzing them.
In 2004, Malek Chebel published his Dictionary in love with Islam, where it addresses all issues related to Islam, law and marriage, but also erotic: Islamic reformism, the repudiation of women, the veil or sexuality. This exploration of the mysteries of love is also a history book that exposes the refinements of Oriental culture.
Psychoanalysis in the Thousand and One Nights Malek Chebel shows that it took women to reinvent the world able to subdue them: Cloistered in their harem, a prey to boredom and intransigence of the seraglio, they tell stories they are the main actors. Under their inspiration, The Thousand and One Nights became an initiation into the mysteries of the flesh. Malek Chebel decrypts this magnificent and famous: how the woman, Scheherazade, had to reinvent the world to control death.
Shows that the desire to talk about desire is to speak of others. As for the spirit of the seraglio, Myths, and Sexual Practices in the Maghreb studies all sorts of topics related to sexuality taboo of virginity obsession with masculinity, androgyny, and also the language of obscenity, homosexuality, sail-yous yous circumcision ... From these icons, Malek Chebel shows how the Maghreb the "spirit of Seraglio," a concept he coined to better understand the influence of the dreaded law of the Father in spirit and body everyone - man or woman.
The Encyclopedia of Love in Islam recalls what it was to love and sensuality to the beginnings of Islam: "You made me love in this world three things: perfume, Women and prayer, which remains the most important to me, "said Muhammad. This means that you can be a Muslim faithful, respectful of the sacred text, without being an enemy of carnal pleasure, "says Malek Chebel. In this work, the fruit of a decade of research, Malek Chebel has traveled the world in love with Muslim countries. He proposed with this study, as an entry in love with the language, customs, techniques erotic, but also medicine, law, aesthetics, psychology and mysticism of this civilization that has seen in its history, and knows still life of an imaginary lover refined and rich.
It publishes "The Kama Sutra-Arab" (Pauvert), which unearthed from the underground, the great texts of Arab eroticism it like this: "Islam loves the flesh, love and women."
"Fundamentalists take for impure carnal any intention, or indeed any glance. But this Islam stems from a hatred of the flesh. It condemns the body and nudity, and excommunicate the woman only because she is a woman. The religion of Mahomet has not always been synonymous with frustration and guilt. In the past, a refinement has accompanied its development, particularly in Mesopotamia, in Andalusia, North Africa and Syria. Let us remember the sofas covered beds of roses and rogues which speak of "The Thousand and One Nights." But psychoanalysis proved that what we repress the most is that even with a force that reflects the wild.
All those who want to prepare young girls are acting according to their backward vision, not as Muslims but as misogynist and macho " Documents References
See also
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