Malawi
| Republic of Malawi (in) | |||||
| Dziko of Malawi (rw) | |||||
| Republic of Malawi (en) | |||||
| |||||
| National motto : Unity and Freedom (Unity and Freedom) | |||||
 | |||||
| Official Languages | English , Chichewa | ||||
| Capital | Lilongwe 13 57 'S, 33 42' E | ||||
| Largest city | Blantyre | ||||
| Form of State | Republic | ||||
| - President | Bingu wa Mutharika | ||||
| Area - Total - Water (%) | Ranked 99 th 118 844 km 2 > 20% | ||||
| Population - Total ( 2010 ) - Density | Ranked 64 th 15,447,500 inhab. 130 inhabitants / km 2 | ||||
| Independence - Date | the United Kingdom 6 July 1964 | ||||
| Demonym | Malawi | ||||
| Currency | Malawi Kwacha ( MWK ) | ||||
| Time Zone | UTC 2 | ||||
| National anthem | Mlungu salitsani malawi (Oh God honors our country Malawi) | ||||
| Internet domain | . Mw | ||||
| Indicative Telephone | +265 | ||||
Malawi, in the long form Republic of Malawi, English Kinyarwanda and is a state located in southern Africa , between Mozambique , the Zambia and Tanzania. Without access to the sea , it is bounded by Lake Malawi or Nyasa, the third lake in Africa by area, covering about one-fifth the size of the country in which eight tributary rivers and hundreds of rivers.
The name "Malawi" (originally attributed to the lake, Bantu language ) is not certain, it is assumed that the name derives from a southern population of the country or he mentions the flicker when the sun it rises on the lake (shown on the flag of the country).
Summary |
The occupation by hominids dating back a million years. The edges of the lake were inhabited by prehistoric populations between 50,000 and 60,000 BC The bones dating from around 8000 BC can be deduced that the physical characteristics of the local population were similar ethnic groups who now inhabit the Horn of Africa.
Colonial period
These are the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, discover Lake Malawi and this discovery was later attributed to David Livingstone , who, up the river Shire came to the lake in 1859. Afterwards, the Scottish Presbyterian Church established several missions around the lake, hoping to stem the slave trade (although this trade continued until the late nineteenth century).
In 1878 , a group of traders from Glasgow founded the company African Lakes Company to ensure the supply missions. Other Europeans followed to trade, farming and hunting. In 1891 , the British founded the Protectorate of British Central Africa and in 1907 the Nyasaland Protectorate (Nyasa Yao language means "lake" is a name which was called Lake Malawi, which today ' Even today is called Nyasa and Niassa).
The British maintained their control over the region throughout the first half of the twentieth century, in opposing attempts by many people for their independence. An African elite educated in schools in Europe and the United States emerges, enabling the creation in 1944 , Nyasaland African Congress (NAC).
In 1953 , the Nyasaland came into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland , with Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.
In 1958 , Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda (who had obtained his doctorate in medicine in the USA in 1937 ) returns to Malawi and became leader of the NAC, which he transformed into Malawi Congress Party (MCP). In 1959 , political prisoner, he will be detained in prison until Gwelo 1960.
He participated in the constitutional conference in London. During elections, 15 April 1961 , the MCP won an overwhelming victory in the Legislative Council, also getting control of the Executive Council of Nyasaland.
Independence
In 1962 , the British government granted self-determination in Nyasaland. Banda became Prime Minister on 1 February 1963, while the British still control the financial system, security and the country's legal system.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved on 31 December 1963 , and 6 July 1964 , Malawi's independence is proclaimed. The country joined the Commonwealth.
Two years later, Malawi adopted a new constitution with a single party, and Banda as first president. In 1970 , Banda was declared President for life of the MCP, and in 1971 life president of Malawi. The paramilitary wing of the MCP (Young Pioneers) contributes to keeping the country under an authoritarian regime until 1990.
Towards Democracy
The pressure of the churches in Malawi and the international community to the regime imposed a referendum on 14 June 1993 , when the people of Malawi voted in favor of a pluralist democratic system.
The first free elections on 17 May 1994 brought victory to the United Democratic Front (UDF) , Bakili Muluzi , who unite with the Alliance for Democracy (AFORD). Muluzi was elected president. Despite the dissolution of the coalition in 1996 , Muluzi and his supporters remain in government.
In 1995 , Muluzi received the Lincoln University of Missouri, the title of doctor honoris causa. He drafted a new constitution repealing privileges residual MCP. On 15 June 1999 Muluzi was re-elected, against a coalition consisting of the MCP and AFORD.
In May 2004 , the presidential candidate of the UDF, Bingu wa Mutharika , defeated the candidate of the MCP. Despite that the UDF did not have a majority in Parliament and form a "Government of National Unity." Bingu wa Mutharika left the UDF, officially because of a significant divergence of view about the anti-corruption campaign initiated by the president.
Politics
Since 1994 Malawi is a democracy.
In accordance with the Constitution of 1995 , the President is elected by universal suffrage every five years. President Bingu wa Mutharika (born Ryson Webster Thom), elected in 2004, was reelected in May 2009. The Vice President is Joyce Banda.
Presidential Cabinet members are chosen by the president.
The National Assembly consists of 193 deputies elected for five years.
The Constitution also provides for a Senate of 80 seats, representing all regions and groups with specific interests, such as women, youth, disabled people, but this institution does not exist yet.
The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary based on the English model, with a Court of first level, a High Court and Supreme Court of Appeal.
The local administration is divided into districts, under the responsibility of a governor appointed by the central government in the first local elections in 2000 , the UDF won 70% of the seats.
Subdivisions
Malawi is divided into three regions , comprising 27 districts , with 137 divisions and 68 subdivisions.
The three regions: Northern , Central and Southern.
The 27 districts: Balaka , Blantyre , Chikwawa , Chiradzulu , Chitipa , Dedza , Dowa , Karonga , Kasungu , Likoma , Lilongwe , Machinga , Mangochi , Mchinji , Mulanje , Mwanza , Mzimba , Nkhata Bay , Nkhotakota , Nsanje , Ntcheu , Ntchisi , Phalombe , Rumphi , Salima , Thyolo , Zomba.
Geography
Physical Geography
Country of high plateaus, the Shire Highlands in the South and the North Uplands Nyka, Malawi culminates at 3002 m with peak Sapitwa in the Mulanje Massif.
The Great Rift Valley traverses the country from north to south. In this depression lies Lake Malawi , the third largest lake in Africa, its area covers about 20% of the country.
At the southern end of Lake begins on the River Shire , which flows into the Zambezi River 400 km farther south in Mozambique. To the east and west the Great Rift is dominated by vast plateaus and rising from 900 to 1200 meters above sea level
To the north, the Nyika Uplands (plateau) culminating at 2600 m, the Shire Highlands, from 600 to 1600 m, is dominated by Zomba and Mulanje Mountains peak respectively 2130 and 3002 meters.
In the extreme south, the plain extends 60 to 90 m above sea level is where you will find the largest population density of the SSA. Lilongwe (the capital since 1971 ) has more than 400 000 inhabitants. Blantyre , the main commercial center, houses the headquarters of the Supreme Court of the country (the population grew from 109,000 inhabitants in 1966 to 500,000 in 1998 ).
The islands Likoma and Chizumulu belong in Malawi although they are in the territorial waters of Mozambique where they form an enclave.
Climate
Malawi's climate is mainly subtropical.
The rainy season lasts from November until April. From May to October, rainfall becomes very rare. From October to May, the climate is hot and humid along the coast of the lake and the valley of the River Shire and the area of Lilongwe, the moisture in the rest of the country is lower.
From June to August in the lake area and in the south, the heat is nice. In the remaining months, the temperature of the nights can become relatively strong, ranging between 5 and 14 C.
Economy
Malawi's economy depends on agriculture , the food industry and the mining industry
Demographics
The population of 15,028,757 inhabitants in 2009 , 90% in rural areas.
The majority (95%) of the population is black, divided into several ethnic groups: Chewa , Nyanja , Yao , Tumbuka, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga , Ngoni , Ngonde. Europeans and Asians make up the rest of the population. The Chewa are the dominant ethnic group and Chichewa is the national language, spoken throughout the country. The English is the official language, used mainly in urban areas, but still known in rural areas.
Education
The rate of illiteracy is higher among women. The share of expenditures for education from government spending in the 1998-2007 period was 12%. The primary school has eight rounds.
Health
Life expectancy is 49 years for men and 51 years for women in 2009. The average age is 16.8 years, 16.9 years for women and 16.8 years for men in 2009. Currently, the leading cause of mortality, infection with HIV and Complications hit a lot of young-adult population. Indeed, by 2007, can be counted 68,000 deaths from this disease.
Culture
The traditional religions are still practiced, but much of the population is Christian about 20% of Catholics , 55% of Protestants , there are 13% of Muslims , mostly located in the north and along the shores of Lake Malawi , some evangelical , Jews , Rastafarians and Seventh Day Adventists.
Miscellaneous
Codes
Malawi has for codes:
- FW , according to the list of prefixes ICAO airport codes ,
- MAW , according to the list of country codes IOC ,
- MI , according to the list of country codes used by NATO , alpha-2 code,
- MW , according to the list of international codes of plates ,
- MW , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (list of country codes), code alpha-2
- MWI , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (country code list)
- MWI , according to the list of country codes used by NATO , code alpha-3.
References
- Review of the World 2007 World Series of Off-January 2008.
- http://anr.typepad.com/anr/2010/01/lessucc% C3% A9s% C3% del Solar A9nergie-to-malawi.html
- https: / / www.cia.gov / library / publications / the-world-factbook / geos / mi.html
- http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html
- http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html
- https: / / www.cia.gov / library / publications / the-world-factbook / geos / mi.html
Category Malawi directory dmoz
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| Existence awidely disputed in the international community, including Morocco , non-member African Union, which considers Western Sahara as part of its territory. | |
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