List Of Spanish Monarchs
This article lists the Spanish monarchs, that is to say, the kings of Spains from the dynastic union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon in 1479. For three quarters of a century, however, each still retains its own sovereignty. It should also wait for the eighteenth century to the dynastic union to succeed on the merger of the two rings into a single unified kingdom.
The predecessors of the Spanish throne were:
- kings of Aragon and Counts of Barcelona
- kings of Castile and Leon (includes Kings of Leon Kings of Asturias and then the counts of Castile)
- Kings of Navarre
Summary |
Before the unification Spanish
The term King of Spain is unfit before the Bourbons. Spain does not in fact a state before the first years of the eighteenth century. Until the Nueva Planta decrees , it is a geographical expression, where both states coexist very different products and legacies of conquest, having in common than the sovereign. However, after the war of Spanish Succession , Philip V of Bourbon (1700 - 1746) unifies the old crowns of Castile and Aragon in the legal, administrative and gives them a unique capital, Madrid.
This posed no problem as unique to designate the sovereign from the dynastic union of the crowns by the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon , in 1469, and their respective accessions to the throne of Castile in 1474, and Aragon, in 1479. The issue of a Catholic king in 1496 solved the problem. It was under this name are designated as all the Spanish monarchs until the unification of Spain by the Bourbons. Only Charles V was an exception, since its capacity as Emperor of the Romans prevailed over the others. The term King of Spain is sometimes preferred, especially by contemporary historians. In official documents and political literature, the possessions of Philip II and his successors are designated by the term "Catholic monarchy" - or simply "the monarchy". The term King of Spain is, however informally, particularly in foreign courts, from the reign of Philip II (1556-1598). The title "King of Spain" is in fact an outsider to the Catholic monarchy, which largely ignores reality.
The numbering of the Spanish sovereigns resumed in the pursuit of the kings of Castile, who resumed and pursued the kings of Len and Galicia, which itself took over and pursued the kings of Asturias. Thus, there was such appointed kings of Asturias Alfonso I , Alfonso II and Alfonso III , then Kings of Leon and Galicia named Alfonso VI and Alfonso V , then the kings of Castile appointed Alfonso VI , Alfonso VII and Alfonso VIII and a king of Leon again become independent Alfonso IX , king of Castile and then appointed Alfonso X and Alfonso XI. The modern kings of Spain Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII part of a continuum dating back to Pelagius , the first king of Asturias at the beginning of the eighth century. (For the continuity of these kings before the unification of Spain, see: List of rulers of the crown of Castile )
This numbering does not back the other Iberian kingdoms before the dynastic union of two crowns although claiming Carlist has purported to take the name of Jacques III of Spain in cash before him I. Jacques and Jacques II , kings of Aragon.
Catholic Kings of Spain
House Trastamara
The lineage of the kings of Castille was finally held that the kingdom of Aragon by the marriage of Catholic monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (king consort of Castile under the name of Ferdinand V). The two crowns, Castile and Aragon, remain strictly separate the legal and administrative, to the point that the intervention of a Castilian troops trying to catch Antonio Perez in Aragon in 1591 was denounced by the kingdom as an attempted invasion. The dynastic union gives in contrast to the two crowns growing strength and dynamism on the international level. The capture of Granada in 1492 is the most striking manifestation of this power upward. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre and annexed to the possessions of the Crown of Castile. At his death, Isabel left the kingdom of Castile to their daughter Joanna I re. The latter, unable to exercise effective power, reigned under the regency of her father, her husband and her son until his death in 1550. Ferdinand, however, pointed to his little son Charles as heir. He would become the Emperor Charles V reigned as the Aragon, co-reigned with his mother on Castile, before becoming the first monarch of the Spanish territories only after Joan's death in 1555.
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Notes | Coat of Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Isabella I (the Catholic) (April 21, 1451 to November 23, 1504) | 1474 - 1504 | Queen of Castile and Aragon as queen consort |  |
 | Ferdinand the Catholic (May 10, 1452 to January 25, 1516) | 1479 - 1516 | King Consort of Castile and then also King of Aragon. | |
 | Dr. Joanna I (the Mad) (November 6, 1479 to April 12, 1555) | 1504 - 1555 | Daughter of the previous queen of Castile under the regency of his father (1504 and 1506-1516) and her husband, Philip the Handsome (1504-1506). Co-Queen of Castile with his son Charles, who follows (1516-1555). |  |
House of Habsburg
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Notes | Coat of Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Charles I (Charles V) (February 24, 1500 to September 21, 1558) | 1516 - 1556 King of Aragon 1516 - 1555 co-King of Castile 1555 - 1556 King of Castile and Aragon | Becomes King of Aragon by the will of his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon and took power to become king of Castile, together with his mother. Single first monarch of Spain's 12 April 1555 to 16 January 1556 , when he abdicated in favor of his son Philip. |  |
 | Philip II (May 21, 1527 to September 13, 1598) | 1556 - 1598 | Eldest son of Charles Quint. Also became king of Portugal under the name of Philip I in 1580. |  |
 | Philip III (April 14, 1578 to March 31, 1621) | 1598 - 1621 | Only son of Philip II, king of Portugal, also known as Philip II. | |
 | Philip IV (April 8, 1605 to September 17, 1665) | 1621 - 1665 | Eldest son of Philip III, also King of Portugal under the name of Philip III until 1640. | |
| Regency: Marie-Anne of Austria (1665 - 1675) | ||||
 | Charles II (November 6, 1661 - November 1, 1700) | 1665 - 1700 | Son of Philip IV. Died without offspring, resulting in the War of Spanish Succession. |  |
Kings of Spain
The sterility of Charles II brought the Spanish monarchy face a major conflict. Three princes, the king's relatives, fought the estate of the last Habsburg in Spain:
- The Duke of Anjou, Philip of France , grand son of Maria Theresa of Spain , eldest sister of Charles II
- Archduke Charles of Habsburg , the younger son of the emperor on behalf of the younger branch of the House of Habsburg
- the prince of Bavaria, Joseph Ferdinand , son of small- Margaret of Spain , younger sister of Charles II.
The Prince of Bavaria was the preference of the king who did not intend to leave his property to one or other of the two giants of the European chessboard. His death a year before the king prevented the project, Charles then fell back on the Duke of Anjou. After a long conflict, the prince had won. His French education and support of the Crown of Aragon with his Austrian rival claims led him to dramatically change the face of the monarchy. The two crowns of Castile and Aragon, United States legally, administratively and financially independent under one prince were merged into a single kingdom of Spain, unitary and centralized. The historical kingdoms ceased to exist and the territory was reorganized in intendancies on the French model. The king was now king of Spain instead of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Granada, Navarre, etc..
House of Bourbon-Anjou
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Notes | Coat of Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Philip V (December 19, 1683-July 9, 1746) | 1700 - 1724 | Grand-son of Louis XIV , and great-grand-son of Philip IV, designated as heir by Charles II. Abdicated on 14 January 1724 in favor of his eldest son Louis. |  |
 | Louis I. (August 25, 1707 to August 31, 1724) | 1724 | Eldest son of Philip V. Died of smallpox after eight months of his reign. | |
| | Philip V | 1724 - 1746 | Regained the throne after the death of his son. | |
 | Ferdinand VI (September 23, 1713 to August 10, 1759) | 1746 - 1759 | Son of Philip V. | |
 | Charles III (January 20, 1716 to December 14, 1788) | 1759 - 1788 | Son of Philip V. |  |
 | Charles IV (November 11, 1748 to January 20, 1819) | 1788 - 1808 | Eldest son of Charles III. Is forced to resign March 19, 1808 in favor of his son Ferdinand ( uprising of Aranjuez ). Should abdicate again on May 5, this time in favor of Napoleon. | |
 | Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 to September 29, 1833) | 1808 | Son of Charles IV. Is forced to resign May 6, 1808 for Napoleon. |
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