List Of Countries In The World
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This article lists the countries of the world.
Summary
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Many publications provide a list of the world, but they do not all use the same criteria to include or not a country. A common criterion is unclear but the recognition of the country by the international community or the fact that Taiwan is not recognized . Indeed, the status of Taiwan is unique because the People's Republic of China requires recognition of one China principle on the part of the country who want to have diplomatic relations with it.
The Cook Islands and Niue , which concluded a free association with New Zealand , appear in some lists of countries, but not all. The latter two countries can take advantage of the clause "all states" defined by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961. Read this article about foreign policy of the Cook Islands.
The country lists may contain as part of the list of dependencies and territories Special Sovereignty , which included including Cook Islands and Niue.
Seven countries are recognized by at least one other country without being recognized by the UN: Palestine , the Kosovo , the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic , Taiwan , the Abkhaz , the South Ossetia and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Finally, some territories are independent but very little or not recognized, and generally not listed. This is for example the case of the Moldovan Republic of Transnistria and the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh.
Changes in the number of states in the world
Before 1914
The number of European States, which amounted to over three hundred in 1789, was still about sixty in 1815, following the Congress of Vienna. After the unification of Italy and of Germany , this number had fallen to 19 in 1871 (20 with Turkey , which still controlled most of the peninsula of Balkans ). He went to 22 in 1878, when the Berlin Congress recognized the independence of Romania , of Serbia and Montenegro. After the independence of Norway (1905), from Bulgaria (1908) and of Albania (1912), Europe had 25 independent states in 1914, excluding the Holy See , the Order of Malta and the neutral territory of Moresnet.
In America, the number had risen to 11 in 1825, after the wars of independence. He then underwent several changes before stabilizing at 19 in 1865. After the independence of Cuba (1902) and Panama (1903), it had risen to 21 in 1914, excluding two British dominions of Canada (1867) and Newfoundland (1907).
In West Asia, the Arabian peninsula was occupied by a multitude of states, most of which were more or less vassal of England or Turkey. In Central Asia, Russia had won the last khanates independent between 1865 and 1876. The British Indian Empire, which included the Burma since 1886 and Balochistan since 1887, exercised de facto its grip on Afghanistan , the Nepal and Bhutan. In Indochina , the France had established its dominance over the Annam , the Cambodia and Laos between 1858 and 1893, while the Malay States had come under British protectorate between 1874 and 1909. The pacification of the Netherlands Indies had completed between 1903 and 1908 with the annexation of the last independent kingdoms of Aceh and Bali. Finally, after the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910, Asia had only five states formally independent: the Chinese (who was grappling with separatist inclinations Mongolia and Tibet ), the Japan , the Persian The Siam and Turkey.
It would be futile to develop a classification of all existing states in Africa before European penetration. However, after the establishment of the Franco-Spanish protectorate on Morocco in 1912, the continent had only two sovereign states: the Abyssinian (or Ethiopian) and Liberia. It is worth mentioning the particular case of the Congo Free State , personal property of King of the Belgians from 1885 to 1908, and the Union of South Africa, incorporated in 1910 as a British dominion.
In Oceania, the last kingdom of some importance ( Hawaii , Samoa , Tonga ) had lost their independence between 1889 and 1900. In contrast, Australia had achieved the status of British dominion in 1901 and the New Zealand in 1907.
From 1914 to 1945
In 1914 , the total number of generally recognized as independent states was thus 53, not including the British Dominions ( Australia , Canada , New Zealand , Newfoundland , Union of South Africa ) and some countries in the ill-defined status ( Asir , Nejd , Yemen , Mongolia , Tibet ) or placed under de facto British protectorate ( Muscat and Oman , Afghanistan , Nepal ).
These 53 states were as follows:
- 2 in Africa : Ethiopia , Liberia ;
- 21 in America : Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Ecuador , United States , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay , Peru , Dominican Republic , El Salvador , Uruguay , Venezuela ;
- 5 in Asia : China , Japan , Persia , Siam , Turkey ;
- 25 in Europe : Albania , Germany , Andorra , Austria-Hungary , Belgium , Bulgaria , Denmark , Spain , France , Greece , Italy , Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , Monaco , Montenegro , Norway , Netherlands , Portugal , Romania , United Kingdom , Russia , San Marino , Serbia , Sweden , Switzerland.
At the end of 1932 , the number of States had risen to 77, divided as follows:
- 4 in Africa : Egypt , Ethiopia , Liberia , South African Union ;
- 23 in America : Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Ecuador , United States , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay , Peru , Dominican Republic , El Salvador , Newfoundland Newfoundland , Uruguay , Venezuela ;
- 13 in Asia : Afghanistan , Saudi Arabia , China , Iraq , Japan , Manchukuo , Mongolia , Nepal , Persia , Siam , Tannu-Tuva , Turkey , Yemen ;
- 35 in Europe : Albania , Germany , Andorra , Austria , Belgium , Bulgaria , Denmark , Danzig , Spain , Estonia , Finland , France , Greece , Hungary , Ireland , Iceland , Italy , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Monaco , Norway , Netherlands , Poland , Portugal , Romania , United Kingdom , San Marino , Sweden , Switzerland , Czechoslovakia , USSR , Vatican City , Yugoslavia ;
- 2 in Oceania : Australia , New Zealand.
Between 1920 and 1937, 63 states (including British India) had joined the League of Nations (SDN), which was officially dissolved in 1946 to make way for the United Nations (UN).
Since 1945
At the end of 1945 , the number of States had fallen to 72, divided as follows:
- 4 in Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, Union of South Africa;
- 22 America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Uruguay , Venezuela;
- 13 in Asia: Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, China, Iraq, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Yemen;
- 31 in Europe: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Eire, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, United Kingdom, San Marino, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Vatican City, Yugoslavia;
- 2 in Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
At the same time, the number of UN Member States amounted to 51, including Belarus , the Ukraine , the India and the Philippines who had not yet attained legal independence.
Subsequently, the number of Independent States has been increasing, particularly as a result of decolonization and the collapse of the Soviet bloc. It went from 72 in 1945 to 193 in 2006, two new states per year on average:
- 88 in 1955 (5 in Africa, 22 in America, 27 in Asia, 32 in Europe and 2 in Oceania), including 76 members of the UN;
- 156 in 1975 (48 in Africa, 29 in America, 39 in Asia, 33 in Europe and 7 in Oceania), which 144 UN members;
- 193 in 2006 (53 in Africa, 35 in America, 47 in Asia, 44 in Europe and 14 in Oceania), of which 192 UN members.
The Vatican is, to date, the last undisputed that State is not a member of the UN, where he enjoys, however, a permanent observer status since 1964.
List
Countries generally recognized by the international community
This list includes the 192 Member States of the United Nations over the Vatican.
Key:
The names of the countries in the table are all of the following documents:
- National Geographical Names Committee (TNC) of the French government, established under the National Council for Geographic Information (CNIG):
- Countries and cities around the world (January 8, 2010)
- Interinstitutional Style Guide, Annex A5, List of States (at 15 March 2008) , by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (EU)
- Alphabetical list of member countries of the International Labour Organisation and Alphabetical list of Other countries, territories and areas " (ILO)
- Official Geographic Code 2005, List of foreign countries and territories , by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) in France
- The Oxford Dictionary of proper names (PR) - edition 2006 ( ISBN 2-84902-067-2 ) and The Robert encyclopedic proper names 2008 (RE) - edition 2007 ( ISBN 978-2-84902-228-3 ) including
Where the names differ, each name is followed by the abbreviation of the source that gives the (IGN, EU, ILO, INSEE, PR, ER).
INSEE does not case sensitive. The Oxford Dictionary of proper names generally uses a lower case on the words "republic", where the only difference is indicated by (PRM).
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Countries whose sovereignty is disputed
States not listed here meet the independent criteria of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States 1933.
Countries recognized by at least one other state
- of Palestine (see West Bank and Gaza Strip ) recognized by many countries in Africa and Asia. To date, 96 countries recognize Palestine, including the Russian , the Chinese and 8 States of the European Union , while 12 countries, mainly European, have official relations. The Gaza Strip is controlled by the de facto Hamas.
- the Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence on 17 February 2008 , which is recognized by 72 countries to date. It is disputed among others by Serbia , the Russian , the Chinese and 5 Member States of the European Union.
- the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic : recognized to date about 32 countries and controls about 20% of Western Sahara.
- Taiwan : see Republic of China. Taiwan enjoys de facto independence but is not recognized by China and most countries in the international community who have gradually recognized the "one China policy" called for by the PR China. It maintains diplomatic relations with 23 states.
- the Abkhazia : Russia recognized , the Venezuela and Nauru (see Independence of Abkhazia ).
- the South Ossetia : recognized by Russia and Nicaragua, Venezuela and Nauru (see Independence of South Ossetia ) .
- the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus : seceded from Cyprus since 15 November 1983 , but is recognized only by Turkey which maintains a military force (see Partition of Cyprus ).
- the Azad Kashmir (Free Kashmir or) is theoretically considered by Pakistan as a sovereign state.
Countries not recognized by the international community
These countries have declared independent states but were never recognized by another country. They often, however, a de facto autonomy with their own institutions and symbols, and largely beyond the control of the country holding its formal sovereignty over their territory.
- the Somaliland : see Somalia (for cons, the Punt , which is sometimes said that it is secessionist, has never declared its independence)
- the Moldovan Republic of Transnistria , which seceded from the republic of Moldova in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union (not even recognized by Russia which maintains a military force, however)
- the Nagorno-Karabakh : secessionist republic of Azerbaijan , under the control of armed forces of Nagorno-Karabakh.
Dependencies and territories Special Sovereignty
The list of dependencies and territories Special Sovereignty gives a complete list of dependencies, possessions, self-governing territories, local jurisdictions and overseas non-sovereign.
Territories dispute
This section is based on the entry page Entities Notes and Definitions of the CIA World Factbook. Appear here territories on which the international community will recognize the sovereignty of any independent state (for a list of disputed territories between several countries, but over which the sovereignty of one or the other is generally recognized, see the list of disputed or occupied territories ).
- the Antarctic , which is governed internationally by the Antarctic Treaty ;
- of Palestine , consisting of the Gaza Strip , the West Bank and East Jerusalem ;
- the Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands , claimed by China , Taiwan and Vietnam ;
- the Western Sahara , mostly (80%) controlled by Morocco , which is considered as one of its provinces.
References - a , b and c countries and capitals of the world on 1 January 2006 , Committee on Names of the National Geographic Institute (IGN) of France
- The Interinstitutional Style Guide, Annex A5, List of States (at 09/03/2005) Office for Official Publications of the European Communities said: "This list is not an official position of editorial services of the present work status legal or political entities mentioned. "
- The list of names of states of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs says about the Republic of China , "Is not recognized by the Federal Council"
- a and b Russia recognizes independence of South Ossetia , 26 August 2008 , AOL (with L'Express ).
- a and b Nicaragua: South Ossetia and Abkhazia are legally "independent" , 5 September 2008 , 20Minutes
Related articles
- Lists of countries
- List of current leaders
- World (universe)
- List gentils
- List of circumlocutions designating countries
- List of UN Member States
- ISO 3166-1
- List of key leaders
- List of capitals of the world
- Micronation
External Links
References toponymic
- Independent countries and capitals list , preface, introduction and notes in the world GeoNames, National Commission on Geographical Names (France), January 1, 2007: first implementation of the recommendations of the National Council for Geographic Information (CNIG) on the exonym, that is to say, the treatment of French place names and names of people in foreign countries.
- List of Countries and Capitals of the World on 1 January 2006 , the Commission names the National Geographic Institute French ( IGN )
- List of country names (Draft version) , United Nations Group of Experts is Geographical Names, 23 th Session
- Member States of the United Nations
- List of States by the Publications Office of the European Union
- Regulation (EC) No. 1833/2006 of 13 December 2006 , the list of countries and territories published by the European Union for foreign trade statistics of the European Community and its Member States
- French Ministry of Culture
- French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
- Belgian Federal Public Service Economy, SMEs, Self-employed and Energy
- Names in all languages
- Universal Postal Union
- International Organization for Standardization
- a , b and c countries and capitals of the world on 1 January 2006 , Committee on Names of the National Geographic Institute (IGN) of France
- The Interinstitutional Style Guide, Annex A5, List of States (at 09/03/2005) Office for Official Publications of the European Communities said: "This list is not an official position of editorial services of the present work status legal or political entities mentioned. "
- The list of names of states of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs says about the Republic of China , "Is not recognized by the Federal Council"
- a and b Russia recognizes independence of South Ossetia , 26 August 2008 , AOL (with L'Express ).
- a and b Nicaragua: South Ossetia and Abkhazia are legally "independent" , 5 September 2008 , 20Minutes
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