List Of Apostles
The identification of the apostles to the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus "to be with him" is probably a relatively late development, as evidenced by the existence of apostles outside this group. The only passage of the Gospel which talks explicitly of the "Twelve Apostles" is Chapter 10 of the Gospel of Matthew and Chapter 6 of the Gospel of Luke , see also Rev 21.14 . It is better to talk to them about the "Group of Twelve": The number 12 is essential for understanding the role of forming disciples around Jesus a small circle to the strong symbolic significance.
The Twelve are instituted by Jesus to be a special sign to Israel : they represent the people again as it will be gathered by God at the end of time (Mt 19:28), referring to the number twelve twelve tribes of Israel , but also the totality and integrity of the people. It therefore refers to the fact that Jesus was given the task of collecting the entire people and to lead to fulfillment.
The Catholic and Orthodox consider the bishops as successors of the apostles, and attach particular importance to the fact that bishops are in the apostolic succession , that is to say that the tradition to which they relate back to the apostles in the estates of persons and doctrines.
Summary |
Twelve of the group remains after the Resurrection. After the betrayal and death of Judas , the eleven remaining disciples decide to pull a lot, Matthias , to "become with us a witness to the resurrection." They are, with other disciples, recipients of the gift of the Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2). Then this group is no longer renewed.
After the killing of Jacques , brother of John, by Herod Agrippa I in 44, it appears that the group is dispersed and lost its leadership. Paul does not mention that once the "Twelve" in I Cor.15: 5, about the witnesses of the Resurrection, and even a reversal of an earlier confession. Time of his ministry, the Twelve play no active role. Most are embossed figures without whom we know nothing certain. The later tradition is not unanimous on behalf of the members of this group.
Thus, some modern critics The Twelve Apostles recounted by the four evangelists The Gospels of Matthew , Mark , John and Luke tell the calling of the twelve disciples of Jesus of Nazareth and give their chosen list as follows: - (Mt 10:1-4) - (Mark 3:13-19) - (Lk 6:12-16) The Evangelist John does not give a list similar to those of Mark, Luke and Matthew. However, the concluding episode of his gospel, the miracle at Lake Tiberias , is introduced by a list of the apostles in reduced form, as follows: - (Jn 21:2) The theology of the Christian group formed around the Twelve is vaguely known by the book of Acts , speeches loaned to Peter at the Pentecost , or before the Sanhedrin. Christology is undeveloped. No significant break with official Judaism only sketched and nothing is solved the controversy attributed to Jesus against the Pharisees , the Sabbath and offerings to the Temple. This group certainly has a charismatic dimension claiming guided by the Holy Spirit with the event, perceived as the ultimate, which is the sign and attest the resurrection of Jesus victory over death. Although the belief in the Resurrection of Jesus and the early manifestations of the Spirit are probably appeared in Galilee, in Jerusalem, Luke presents the group that was certainly fast enough together in the holy city. This is in line with the strong eschatological hope that inspired him: it was in the Temple that the Messiah was to appear, and this outpouring of the Spirit and that the group felt that drew the premises was "obvious" that come next. That's why the Twelve and their followers practiced a kind of " communism primitive ", each selling its property, if he had to make the community survive in the short period of time remaining to spend on earth before the Great doomsday. It is not even sure at this stage the early Christians have clearly identified the Messiah or God's ultimate ships with Jesus, even resurrected. Maybe they were waiting for the Risen as the restorer of the Kingdom of Israel (from Acts 1). But this outpouring of the Spirit was primarily "proved" that Jesus was innocent and that those who had rejected and delivered to the Romans (the heads of the people) were in the wrong. Because God gave to Jesus and his disciples against the Sanhedrin ! Twelve were the witnesses of God and Jesus against the Jewish leaders. And if innocence and divinity of the mission of the Nazarene were recognized retrospectively (which Christian preaching sought to convince), then God would hasten the coming of the Messiah. In fact, the rejection of Jesus would have rested on a misunderstanding between God and his people, in line with the rejection of past prophets whose Nazarene is the last, that these first Christians saw themselves destined to stand so that Israel is - soon - the eschatological rest. According to Matthew
Here are the names of the twelve apostles. The first, Simon called Peter and Andrew his brother, Jacques, son of Zebedee , and John , his brother Philip , and Bartholomew , Thomas and Matthew the publican; Jacques, son of Alpheus , and Thaddeus , Simon the Zealot (or the Canaanite), and Judas Iscariot , who betrayed him. " According to Marc
According to Luke
According to John
Theology
References
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