League Smalkade
The League of Schmalkalden (or , German is a union officer in the Roman Empire of Charles V , made for ideological reasons in 1531 , by North German Protestant princes led by Philip of Hesse and the Elector John Frederick of Saxony. She went to war against the emperor in 1545, is the war of Schmalkalden.
The German monk Martin Luther from 1517 to demand a reform of the Church or that Church authorities (the pope ), or the very Catholic Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , could not accept. Luther was excommunicated in 1521, and his ideas are doomed before the Imperial Diet of Worms in the same year.
However, its action is widely reported, especially among the German nobility. Great princes join the draft reform. Luther, however, is in danger, the ban of Christianity and the Empire. Princes Protestants decide to defend him against the Emperor and to support its action. They are why the League of Schmalkalden to join forces.
But, despite their prestige and military clout, these princes need additional support. League asks for help to the great rival of the Emperor, the King of France Francis I. The imperial army crushes the league yet Mhlberg 24 April 1547. But Luther's work has nevertheless already shaken the religious structures of Europe, Ferdinand I , brother and successor of Charles V, will come to recognize - in part - the existence of Lutheranism in the Empire.
Summary |
Founding Members
Territories
- landgraviate Hesse
- Electorate of Saxony
- Duchy of Brunswick-Lneburg
- County Mansfield
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
- Duchy of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
- County of Erbach
Imperial Cities
Cities Hanseatic
City of Lower Saxony
Accessions Subsequent
Territories
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau (1536)
- Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst (1536)
- Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin (1536)
- Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast (1536)
- Margrave of Brandenburg-Kstrin (1538)
- Duchy Rochlitz
- County of Nassau-Saarbrcken (1537)
- County of Nassau-Weilburg (August 1537)
- County of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
- County of Tecklenburg (1538)
- duchy of Wurttemberg (1536)
- Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbttel (1542)
- Duchy of Saxony (1537 bis 1541)
Imperial Cities
- Esslingen (1531-1532)
- Nordhausen (1532)
- Frankfurt (1536)
- Augsburg (1536)
- Kempten (1536)
- Heilbronn (Juli 1538)
- Schwbisch Hall (1538)
- Dinkelsbhl (1546)
- Bopfingen (September 1546)
Hanseatic Cities
- Hamburg (1536)
- Minden (August 1536)
Cities in Lower Saxony
- Einbeck (1531-1532)
- Goslar (1531-1532)
- Brunswick (1531-1532)
- Hannover (1536)
- Gttingen (May 1531)
- Hildesheim (Januar 1543)
- Osnabrck (1544)
Sources
- (En) Paul Kittel, George John: By the grace of God, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Veldenz and Petite Pierre, founder of Phalsbourg Publishing Museum Phalsbourg, Editions du Griffon, 2002. 978-2913162211.
- (En) Hubert Guicharrousse, "Luther and the legitimacy of the war: the League of Schmalkalden and the right of resistance", in: Jean-Paul Cahn, Franoise Knopper, Anne-Marie Saint-Gilles (eds.), From the just war to a just peace. Denominational aspects of peacebuilding in the Franco-German space (sixteenth-twentieth century). Villeneuve d'Ascq, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2008, p. 35-48.
Loading ...