Kingdom Of Saloum

Before the coming of the Saloum Mbegani Ndour, the region was called Mbey. Srres came from Futa Toro , the Fulani and Sossa were the first occupants. At the time of the Mali Empire , Sundiata Keita sent troops to Saloum to attach to his empire. These troops were led by two chiefs, Kuyon Souar Keita and Saloum. These are the first to have imposed their dominance in the region, which would then pass under the domination of the Wolof empire with Djolof.

Centuries later, the Serer Mbegani Ndour from the Sine , part of the nobility Guelwar, nephew of the founder of the kingdom of Sine, Maysa Waly Dione, arrives at Mbey, former name of Saloum, and created the kingdom of Saloum. It gives the name of Saloum in this region in honor of Saloum Souar who was the advisor Mbegani and a large Muslim. To create the kingdom Mbegani Ndour had to struggle against the Toucouleurs came from Futa Toro , directed by Ali Elibani Sall, who controlled the region, also rebels against the rule of Serer Djilor. Mbegani was aided by troops from the military commander Djolof , Wali Mbru Mbacke Ndao. To thank him, gave him Mbegani Province Ndoucoumane.

Vassal Djolof, Saloum was divided into several provinces, each headed by noble families from across Senegal. The Ndoukoumane the Koular the Ngaye-signy the Djonik or Djilor the Kayemor, the Log, Kahone the Gandiaye Badibou and the former name of Rip, were the major provinces, each with their peculiarities in terms of ethnicity, great men, or in relation to wealth.

Social organization

The king of Saloum (1821)

Saloum in the system of caste was present, with the summit, the aristocracy Guelwar and free men or Badolo the NyeNyo artisans and also free the captives, whose warriors Tidos. Saloum in the nobility was divided into several sections. Kings or Buur saloum at the top, then come the big Diaraf the Farba Kaba, army chief chosen among families Niang Dieng Sarr and the Bissik, a sort of adviser to the king, and Bisset is the Court Jester.

Saloum ethnic groups are numerous: the Fulani and Wolof , the Fulani and Toucouleurs , different groups Mandingo , some groups banouk and Diola in the extreme south, and the communities of Moors.

Saloum is wide diversity of landscapes, savannah and woodlands north and central, north-east savanna landscapes almost dry steppe and the river Saloum through the region with its mangroves , and forests denser and the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Agriculture, livestock, fisheries, trade in different products providing the richness of Saloum. European trading posts installed in Saloum from XVIII ^century.

Fall of the United

Saloum owes its loss in the nineteenth ^century to the jihad Islamic Maba Ba , and European settlers. Maba Ba, a descendant of Toucouleur Tenguela Koli , and disciple of El Hadj Omar Tall , with holy war succeeded in annexing the province of Badibou and to proclaim almamy of Rip. Gradually he managed to prevail across the Saloum. In the mid- ^nineteenth century it even plans to attack the Djolof, Sine and Baol. In honor of El Hadj Omar Tall, he founded the town of Nioro rip in Saloum, because El Hadji Omar created Nioro du Sahel in Mali. Maba Ba experienced an intense but short-lived glory, because starting in battle against the Sine, he fell on the large and powerful army of Bour Sine Zandi Ndofenne Famak Diouf who killed him.

After that the Saloum Guelwar found its kings, but then he had to quickly deal with European settlers who managed to dominate the Saloum in the late ^nineteenth century. The town of Kaolack was an ancient town of Saloum. The Muslim religion has always been present in Saloum, but the rulers were animists. With the birth of the brotherhoods Tidjane and murid that Islam would win all of Saloum.

Religion

Kaolack is the sanctuary of the Brotherhood of Tijanis belonging to the branch of Baye Niass. The Serer also practice their traditional religion.

Dynasty Guelwar Saloum

The dynasty of 49 rulers. The list below contains, in addition to the surname of each king of Saloum, duration and start date of his reign.

1. Mbegani Ndour (20 years, 1493 -)
2. Guiranokhap Ndong (7 years, 1513 -)
3. Latmingu Dielen Ndiaye (23 years, 1520 -)
4. Samba Ndiaye Lambour (4 years, 1543 -)
5. Seni Ndim Dielen Ndiaye (3 years, 1547 -)
6. Lathilor Badiane (9 years, 1550 -)
7. Walboumy Dielen Ndiaye (8 years, 1559 -)
8. Malotane Diouf (45, 1567 -)
9. Sambar Diop (2 years, 1612 -)
10. Biram Ndiaye Ndim Koumba (23 years, 1614 -)
11. Ndene Ndiaye Marone Ndao (2 years, 1637 -)
12. Mbagne Diemel Ndiaye (6 years, 1639 -)
13. Waldiodio Ndiaye (9 years, 1645 -)
14. Amakodou Ndiaye (35, 1654 -)
15. Amafal Fall (6 months, 1689 -)
16. Amadiouf Diouf (6 years, 1690 -)
17. Sengana Thiam Ndiaye (30 years, 1696 -)
18. Lathilor Ndong (4 years, 1726 -)
19. Amasiga Seck Ndiaye (2 years, 1730 -)
20. Biram Khourdia Tiek Ndao (2 years, 1732 -)
21. Ndene Ndiaye Bigu Ndao (19 years, 1734 -)
22. Mbagne Diop (7 years, 1753 -)
23. Mbagne Diogop Mbodj Ndiaye (7 years, 1760 -)
24. Sandn Kodou Bigu Ndao (2 years, 1767 -)
25. Sengana Diogop Mbodj (7 years, 1769 -)
26. Ndn Diogop Mbodj (2 years, 1776 -)
27. Sengana Degen Ndiaye (6 months 10 days, 1778 -)
28. Sandn Kodou Fall Ndao (9 years, 1778 -)
29. Biram Ndiaye Ndim Niakhana (16, 1787 -)
30. Makoumba Diogop Mbodj (7 years, 1803 -)
31. Ndn Niakhana Ndiaye (7 years, 1810 -)
32. Biram Ndiaye Khourdia Mbodj (6 years, 1817 -)
33. Ndn Mbarou Ndiaye (1 month, 1823 -)
34. Bal Ndoungou Khourdia Ndao (28, 1823 -)
35. Bala Adama Ndiaye (3 years, 1851 -)
36. Soc Bigu Ndiaye (16 days, 1854 -)
37. Koumba Ndama Mbodj (4 years, 1855 -)
38. Laobe Samba Fall (5 years, 1859 -)
39. Fakha Fall (7 years, 1864 -)
40. Niawout Mbodj (5 years, 1871 -)
41. Sadiouka Mbodj (3 years, 1876 -)
42. Ghedali Mbodj (17 years, 1879 -)
43. Smou Djimi Diouf (3 years, 1896 -)
44. Ndim Ndinoum Ndao (3 years, 1899 -)
45. Ndn Diogop Diouf (1 year, 1902 -)
46. Smou Ngouye Diouf (10 years, 1903 -)
47. Gori Tioro Diouf (6 years, 1913 -)
48. Mahawa Smou Diouf (16, 1919 -)
49. Fode Diouf Ngouye (34 years, 1935-1969)

Notes

See also

Related articles

• Kingdom of Sine
• Senegal history

Bibliography

• (By) Martin A. Klein, Sine-Saloum 1847-1914: The traditional States & the French Conquest, Chicago, University of Chicago, 1964 (Thesis)
• (En) Jean Boulgue, "Contribution to the chronology of the kingdom of Saloum," Bulletin IFAN, series B, Dakar, IFAN, 1966, Volume 28, No. 3-4, p. 657-662
• (En) Gorgui Alioune Diouf, Kingdoms and Siin Saalum origins in the nineteenth ^century: setting up the stand. Evolution of the economic system and socio-political, Dakar, Dakar University, 1984, 289 p. (Thesis of ^3rd cycle)

External Links

• (En) World Statesmen.org (list of rulers of the ancient kingdoms of Senegal)
• (En) "Ernest Noirot Three papers on the history of the kingdoms of Siin and Saalum (Senegal)" (presented and discussed by Victor Martin, Charles Becker and Mohamed Mbodj and published in the Bulletin of the Fundamental Institute of Black Africa, Volume 42, Series B, No. 1, January 1980, p. 37-85)

• Portal of Senegal
• Portal History