Kingdom Of Italy
This page of disambiguation lists the subjects and articles with the same title. Several entities have carried the name of the kingdom of Italy.
Summary |
The Barbarian Kingdoms (489-553)
After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the barbarians masters of Italy (including Odoacer and the Ostrogoths ) are sometimes called their states Kingdom of Italy.
The Carolingian kingdom of Italy (855-962)
Shortly before his death in 855 , the Western Emperor Lothair I , cares to share his empire between his son by the Prm Treaty. The eldest of them, Louis II the Younger received the title of emperor and northern Italy, which thus becomes a new Kingdom of Italy (in Latin
At his death in 875 , his uncle Charles the Bald , which in turn inherits from the imperial crown and the kingdom of Italy, he left the administration to Boson V of Provence , with the title of viceroy. In 877 , the latter recalled by Charles II in France, says the area to his brother Richard II of Burgundy said the Avenger. After the death of Charles the Bald, Pope John VIII moved successively the crown of Italy and the title of Emperor Louis le Begue , then refusing to Boson. It finally Charles III the Fat accepting the offer before abdicating in 888.
Berengar I of Friuli , is elected king of Italy at Pavia. The following year by beating Guy III of Spoleto , it is crowned on 12 February 889 and forces the Pope Formosa to designate his son Lambert as heir. On the death of Guy 894 , Taiwan recanted and called Arnulf of Carinthia to the rescue. Arnulf will recognize as a vassal Berengar of Friuli and successor. Berenger therefore fetches his throne for the second time in 898. But the Hungarian invasions push the feudal kingdom to call Louis III the Blind who chase Berenger in the year 900 , and gird the imperial crown on 22 February 901. Income with forces in number, Berenger succeeded in chasing her turn to Italy in 902. It will remain this time on the throne for 20 years, even proclaiming the Roman Emperor in 915. But the conflict continued to be offered with the feudal lords during his reign.
The latter then asked to Rudolf II of Burgundy to intervene. Crowned king at Pavia, he defeated Berengar at Piacenza in 923 before the latter was assassinated the following year, killing perhaps sponsored by Rudolph himself. The Italian nobility still turbulent turns against him and asks Hugh of Arles to take the place of Rudolph II in 926. In 945 , a rebellion led by Berenger II of Ivrea pushes Hugues d'Arles to abandon the throne of Italy for his son Lothair of Arles who finally will reign forever in fact, Berenger II having been imprisoned and murdered in 950.
On the death of Lothair, King of Germany Otto I becomes King of Italy Berenger II at the expense of that revolt in 951. The widow of Lothair of Arles, Adelaide of Burgundy and Italy , the heir of the kingdom and the daughter of Rudolf II of Burgundy, held prisoner by Berenger also, married Otto I. Berenger II is then forced to acknowledge the suzerainty of Otto in 952 , and became viceroy. He rebelled again in 960 and wishing to extend its domination over the whole peninsula, it attacks the Pope John XII who in turn appealed to Otto I the Great.
The Germanic kingdom of Italy (962 - 1803)
In 962 , Otto was crowned emperor in Rome and obtained the crown of Italy which form when one of the constituent parts of the Holy Roman Empire. This kingdom of Italy continued to exist, at least in theory, until the end of the Empire in 1806 (or, at least until the reorganization of Imperial 1803), and the archbishop of Cologne was the honorary title of but the imperial authority in Italy greatly weakened after the collapse of Hohenstaufen in the mid-thirteenth century and saw its prerogatives challenged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. The Kingdom of Italy was originally in the whole of northern Italy including the Papal States , although they have sometimes been excluded in, while the Republic of Venice because of its historical origin had never been part. However, it will remain until the late eighteenth century a relay of imperial authority in the peninsula: a "Plenipotenti" of Italy, located mostly in Milan. His chief (Plenipotentiarius, commissarius caesareus) and the Attorney (Fiscalis imperialis per Italiam) who assists are appointed by the Emperor. Even in modern times, far from it that the imperial rights in Italy have become insignificant. And as of old at the time of Staufen reigning over the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, they have been "reactivated" at various times through the implementation of the Habsburg heritage on the peninsula.
It is through the effect of placing the ban of the Empire of the princes found to have embraced the French during the War of Spanish Succession, the possessions of Gonzaga (Mantua and Castiglione) will be transferred to the House of Austria (1707). Subsequent successions in Tuscany (1718/1737), Parma (1718/1723) and Modena (1771) will be settled on the basis of quality of fiefs of the Empire. The rite of investiture of the Empire remained the rule in most of the "Kingdom of Italy, at every change of the ruling family estate or every imperial accession. In 1755, the Savoy and pays for the investiture of Piedmont and of Her other Realms 85 000 guilders in taxes to the feudal chancellery in Vienna, while four states (Tuscany, Parma, Genoa and Lucca) on which the imperial rights eventually become the most contentious, do not pay them less military contributions raised in the eighteenth century on behalf of the Empire. The judicial sovereignty of the Empire will not cease to practice in Italy for twenty-five years of the reign of Joseph II, some 150 Italian lawsuits pending before the Council will Aulic (Reichshofrat). These facts underline the continuity within the Holy Roman Empire of that Italy, the historical atlases generally believe you can subtract from the mid-seventeenth century of the imperial map.
The Napoleonic Kingdom (1805 - 1814)
In 1805, the Italian Republic was transformed into the Kingdom of Italy ((it) and Napoleon was its king. His step-son, Eugene de Beauharnais , was sent there as viceroy until 1814. After the fall of Napoleon, a Lombard-Venetian kingdom was established, under the suzerainty of the Austrian Emperor Francis I. The modern Kingdom of Italy (1861 - 1946) In 1861, the King of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy was proclaimed king of a new kingdom of Italy unified, following the annexation by Sardinia of Lombardy , the Tuscany , Modena , Parma , the Two Sicilies , and most of the Papal States (see the article on the ). This new kingdom of Italy was originally capital Turin , then it was moved to Florence in 1864. Venice was annexed in 1866, Rome in 1870 when the capital was transferred immediately. The Savoy family ruled over Italy until the proclamation of the republic in 1946. References
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