Kingdom Of Israel
Summary |
According to archaeological data, the proto- Israelites themselves as culturally distinct community gradually at the end of the Late Bronze Age and early Iron I, or from people Canaanite local, either from the settlement of nomadic Semites (according to Finkelstein). This formative period is contemporary "dark ages" corresponding roughly to the political and economic collapse of the Canaanite system and the arrival of the "Sea Peoples" (as the Philistines ).
Around the first millennium, these communities will be structured to give the northern kingdom (Israel), a large and prosperous (especially Dynasty Omrides ), and a small kingdom, or rather a local leadership, the South (Judah). Judah really only emerge until the fall of his northern counterpart at the hands of the Assyrians (-722) before succumbing himself struggling with the Neo-Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar, -582).
The kingdom of Israel according to the Bible
From the books of the Hebrew Bible, it is possible to write history that the Bible writers wanted to give the kingdom of Israel. The books are mainly those concerning the Deuteronomistic History :
- the first book of Samuel recounts the establishment of kingship in ancient Israel and the reign of King Saul.
- the second book of Samuel describes the reign of King David.
- the books of Kings mentions the reign of King Solomon, his estate and the division of the unified kingdom into two distinct realms: that of Israel (I Kings 11.31-37) and that of Judah (Jr.3 0.11 to 12 ).
The reigns of two successive dynasties are mentioned at the end of the Book of Kings I and in the book of Kings II. Source devices can be found in the Book of Chronicles, but also in the New Testament and the Koran, some historical figures are mentioned.
Although these documents were essentially religious in nature, they provide historical research material from their date of writing, although for the period prior to the practice of writing, they have direct relationship with reality history.
Part of the history of the northern kingdom in the eighth century BCE, and in particular its destruction -722 cons is supported by independent sources.
Reign of Saul
The Kingdom of Israel was proclaimed the kingdom by the Israelites to -1050. It follows the time of the Judges of Israel. According to the Bible , the people wants a king "like other people" and God (through the prophet Samuel ) accepts the principle of a king chosen by him. ( First Book of Samuel , chap. 8).
From -1020 to -1010 , Saul , born of the tribe of Benjamin , was appointed "King of Israel" by God himself, who instructs the prophet Samuel to that effect. Saul reunites the 12 tribes and reign over the people of Israel. Its action is essentially military. He is fighting against the Philistines. Having been ordered to the prophet Samuel to destroy the people of Amalek , he spared their king and will be removed for this huge mistake of disobeying God's orders. This conflicts with David was secretly anointed by Samuel on God's command. David does not officially succeed him at his death.
Reign of David
From -1010 to -970 , David is king of the 12 tribes of Israel after the death of Saul. It is itself derived from the tribe of Judah. His long reign permits, through many wars, expand the kingdom, to pacify and conquer the city where he made his capital city Jerusalem (specifically the " City of David "). The Ark of the Covenant is transported, but it is not allowed to build the Temple in Jerusalem would like to dedicate it to God.
Reign of Solomon
Of -972 to -933 , Solomon , son of David, king of Israel after a period of struggle between the many descendants of David. The inauguration of Solomon was prepared by his father who has chosen his son.
Solomon brought the kingdom to its zenith in all areas. The country is enriched by regional trade. On the religious level, Solomon built the First Temple in Jerusalem Jewish (called Temple of Solomon): its construction lasted seven years, the rectangular shape of 50 m by 30 m away. Hiram I , King of Tyre (in modern Lebanon ) and friend of Solomon, provides workers Schism -928 On the death of Solomon, Jeroboam gathers dissatisfied and demands Rehoboam son of Solomon, lower taxes. The refusal of the new king leads the establishment of a kingdom of Israel (also called the kingdom of Samaria), led by Jeroboam, and bringing together 10 independent tribes against Rehoboam the legitimate successor of the dynasty of King David reigns but does more than the 2 tribes of Judah and Benjamin to south and the priests of the temple of Jerusalem. In -933 , the separation is complete between the two Hebrew kingdoms brethren of Israel and the United Kingdom of Judah. The Kingdom of Israel remains the name of the northern kingdom, born of schism. This kingdom are -928 to -722. Its capital is Shechem and Samaria. It is headed by a new dynasty of kings descended from Jeroboam. From a religious point of view, the population would, according to the Bible, far from the teachings of Moses and would be dropped into idolatry. After a short period of prosperity in the eighth century BC. AD , the country is invaded by the Assyrians in -722 , and its population is partially offset to other parts of the Assyrian empire. This would be the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The Bible says that foreign populations are displaced and replaced them on their territory. They would have mixed with local populations, have created a religion blending Jewish and pagan influences and have given rise to the Samaritans. However, the religion of the Samaritans, as we know, has no trace of paganism. The destruction of the kingdom of Israel in the biblical mark the disappearance of the 10 tribes of Israel. The second kingdom survives as the Kingdom of Judah. According to archaeological data, the first centralized kingdom attested by archeology is the one based Omri. Northern Kingdom after the schism
Historical
The "kingdom of David and Solomon
The Omrides
Notes
References
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