Kingdom Bridge
Pontus (Greek is a kingdom ancient situated on the southern coast of the Black Sea. Today, this region is in Turkey.
The bridge gets its name from the Black Sea , formerly called Pontus by the Greeks, hence the name of empire du Pont, the first to mention is Xenophon in his Anabasis.
The Bridge is a wilderness area of Asia Minor , mountainous, heavily forested and sparsely populated east, while rich in minerals, while the valleys of Halys , the Iris and their tributaries are in the western part an area rich and arable, communication and commerce is facilitated by roads built under different empires.
Summary |
Origins
Populated initially Casquens Foundation While Antigonus, Seleucus and Lysimachus argue, Mithridates (en) , Hellenistic Persia, (son of Mithridates Cios, a Persian service of Antigone, killed in 301 BC. ) grabbed the Bridge early third century and declared itself independent. It takes many wars, little known, to overcome definitively Seleucids. The official language of the kingdom of Pontus was the ancient Greek. When creating the kingdom, the capital is placed Amaseia and is moved to Sinope when the city is attached to the kingdom in 183 BC. BC The kingdom was very prosperous: it has fertile land and large silver mines, which enable a mint abundant and widespread from Mithridates III of Pontus (in). The kingdom is relatively homogeneous territorial, thanks to easy communication, land and sea. Become a thalassocracy Black Sea, it gradually expands toward the east coast, then north to the sea, including Crimea. Greek colonies on the west coast, around the mouths of the Danube , became his allies. Within Anatolia, Mithridates V receives from Rome the Phrygian , but his successor Mithridates VI must be returned. Mithridates VI then began a long struggle against Rome. The bridge was finally defeated by Pompey and gradually annexed to Rome. The western part is first attached to the province of Bithynia , now known as the province of Bithynia and Pontus. The eastern part is entrusted to the Galatian Deiotarus , Roman ally. At 47, Pharnaces II , king of Cimmerian Bosporus and the son of Mithridates VI, took advantage of the civil war in Rome to extend its possessions by invading Colchis and part of the kingdom of Galatia. King Deiotarus, Roman client and claimed with Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Asian proconsul appointed by Caesar. The confrontation turned to the advantage of Pharnaces who gets the victory at Nicopolis and occupies the remaining territories of the former father's kingdom, the Bridge and north of Cappadocia. Caesar learned of these events when he is in Egypt and went face Pharnaces in Pontus. The meeting took place north of Cappadocia, near the town of Zela. The battle resulted in a quick Roman victory which completely destroyed the enemy forces. Pharnaces must flee to the Bosphorus with a fraction of his cavalry. Powerless now, he is murdered by a rival to the throne of the Bosphorus. Returned to Rome after his victory, Caesar said to the Senate: "Veni, vidi, vici," referring to his full and speedy victory. The eastern part of the Bridge is transferred back to Deiotarus of Galatia in 47. After his death in 41 BC, the East Bridge is dependent Galatia before being given to customers by Rome of the Kings, who attaches permanently to the province of Galatia, Cappadocia in 63 AD C. On this occasion, Nero divides the region into three districts: - West Galata Bridge, next to Galatia; - At the center polmoniaque Bridge , which takes the name of his mother Polemonium; - East Cappadocian Pontus, Cappadocia and neighbor matching Armenia Minor. Severus Alexander Bridge separates Bithynia between 222 and 235 and established it as a separate province entrusted to a procurator of equestrian rank, replaced in 248 by a virtual perfectissimus of senatorial rank depending on the province of Galatia. In the reorganization of the provincial system under Diocletian around 295, the Pontic districts were divided into four provinces within the new diocese of Pontus : - The Paphlagonia , incorporated most of the old bridge; - The Diospont renowned Hlnopont by Constantine in honor of his mother Helen and including the rest of the province of Pontus and an adjacent district, a total of eight cities (including Sinope , Amisus and Zela) with Amaseia to metropolis; - Bridge polmoniaque with Neocaesarea for metropolis and cities Comana du Pont (fr) , Argyroupolis, Polemonium, Cerasus and Keystone ; - Armenia Minor, with Sbaste for metropolitan and five cities. Between 384 and 387 is the new province of Honoriade. Justinian modifies the provincial organization again in 536: - Bridge polmoniaque is dissolved, its western part (Polemonium and Neocaesarea) is joined to the Hlnopont, Comana the new province of Armenia, second, the rest (Keystone and Cerasus) to that of Greater Armenia first; - Polemonium and receives the Hlnopont Neocaesarea while Zela is attached to Armenia second. The governor of the province took the name of moderator; - Paphlagonia Honoriade absorbs and is under the authority of a praetor. The system of military districts (the themes Byzantine) in turn replace this organization from the late seventh century.
Under the Roman Empire
The integration into the Roman Empire did not change very little life in this society, based on oligarchy Hellenistic ruler of the original inhabitants casquenne or Caucasian (Chaldiens, Chalybes, Colchis, Mossynoques, Tibareni ) who also gradually adopt the Greek language. The Greco-Roman religion is spreading, not without many inputs Oriental (Worship of Mithras and Isis , the serpent healer ... Glaucus). The region is not linguistically Latinized.
During this period, Christianity is gradually replacing the previous religions. Became Christians and Greek-speaking Roman citizens, residents of the Bridge are now "Rome" (): they will become, after the collapse of the western part of the Empire, subjects of the "empire of Rome" ( , which we call " Byzantine "), and later the Turks are called "Rum" (the name in Turkish means " Greek "). List of leaders of the Bridge
Persian satraps
Hellenistic Kings
See also
Sources
Related articles
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