Kamal Jumblatt
Kamal Jumblatt ( ) is the founder of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), a leading Druze Lebanese ( 6 December 1917 - 16 March 1977 ) is the father of Walid Jumblatt.
Summary |
Youth
Kamal Jumblatt was born in 1917 at Mukhtara in the Shouf , he is from the family Jumblatt who enjoys significant prestige in the Druze community. His father, Fouad Jumblatt was assassinated on 6 August 1931. After the death of his father, his mother, Nazira who will take over and will play a political role in the country.
In 1926 , Kamal Jumblatt enters a school Christian where he completed his elementary education in 1928. In high school, he studied French , the Arabic , science and literature, it appears that graduate high school in 1936. He obtained a degree in philosophy a year later, in 1937. He went to Paris where he joined the faculty of arts at the Sorbonne , he also studied psychology, civics and sociology. He returned to Lebanon in 1939 where he continued his studies at the University Saint-Joseph, he obtained in 1945 , a law degree.
He married 1 May 1948 with May Arslan, Emir of the Druze girl, Chekib Arslan. They had one son, Walid Jumblatt.
Political Career
Kamal Jumblatt works as a lawyer in 1941 to 1942 , became a lawyer and official of State for the Lebanese government. Kamal made his appearance on the political scene in 1943 after the death of Hikmat Jumblatt. He was elected a member of Mount Lebanon in September 1943. He joined the Party's constitutional bloc, the party of President Beshara el-Khoury. In 1946 he became minister of economy, agriculture and social affairs.
In 1947 he was elected MP for the second time in the Lebanese Parliament, but he prefers to resign, accusing the government of rigging the elections. He also protested against President Khoury he accused of being corrupt and being too authoritarian.
Kamal Jumblatt creates the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) on 17 March 1949 , the party constitution was adopted on 1 May 1949. The SPP was a Lebanese political party, socialist and secular, the party is opposed to the confessional nature of Lebanese politics. Jumblatt met in May 1951 in Beirut, the first convention party Arab Socialist. The same year he was reelected for the third time member of Mount Lebanon.
In August 1952 , he organized a conference in Deir el-Qamar on behalf of the National Socialist Front. It is under pressure from Jumblatt, but also those of Emile Boustany, Camille Chamoun, Pierre Edde and Hamid Frangieh (brother of future President Soleiman Frangieh) that President Bechara El Khoury decided to resign Sept. 19, 1952. Gen. Fouad Chehab, head of the army, will be provisionally pending its submission to the newly elected president regularly: Camille Chamoun.
The revolt of 1958
In 1953 , Jumblatt was reelected for the fourth time member. He founded the Socialist People's Front that year. It is this party that opposed the Lebanese pro-Western president Camille Chamoun who has followed a foreign policy pro-American and pro-British. He agreed to the creation of the Baghdad Pact , which was seen by Arab nationalists as a tool for Western powers to control the Arab Middle East. After the outbreak of the Suez war , Jumblatt supported Nasser and Egypt, while Camille Chamoun and part of the elite Christian Maronites supported the invasion by Israel , the France and the United Kingdom. Some say that political differences will lead to sectarian violence in Lebanon.
In 1957 , Jumblatt loses first legislative elections, beaten by a prominent member of the family, Hamadeh , Jumblatt hereditary enemy. Two years later, he is the leader of a major political uprising against President Chamoun uprising marked by street fighting and attacks against security forces. Behind tunes peaceful Jumblatt causes rebellion. Unit of the Opposition Jumblatt chaired by 1960 , the conference of the Afro-Asian, and founded the same year the National Struggle Front (FLN), a movement that included many members nationalists. The same year he was reelected, and the FLN won eleven seats in the Lebanese government. He became minister for the second time, from 1960 to 1961 , Minister of Education and Minister of Labour from 1961. From 1961 to 1964 he was Minister of the Interior. On 8 May 1964 he was elected for the sixth time. In 1965 , he joined the Arab nationalist and progressive politicians to create the Front of Nationalists personalities. In 1966 , he was appointed Minister of Labour and PTT, chaired by Charles Helou (Maronite). He also represented Lebanon at the Congress of Afro-Asian solidarity in 1966 and has chaired a parliamentary delegation on official visit to China. For ideological reasons he supported the struggle of Palestinians against Israel, but he also received the support of the Palestinians living in refugee camps in Lebanon. The presence in Lebanon for hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees has angered many Christian parties, but Jumblatt has worked with them to establish a core of the opposition who were gathered around the Arab nationalist slogans. Requiring a new order based on the Lebanese secularism, socialism, Arabism and an abolition of the confessional political system, Jumblatt could meet in the movement of Sunnis , the Shiites , Druze and Christians left in a movement of Opposition still embryonic. On 9 May 1968 , he was re-elected for the seventh time. In 1970 , he was again appointed Minister of the Interior. He legalized the Communist Party of Lebanon and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. In 1972 , the Soviet Union awarded him the Lenin Prize for Peace. The same year he was elected MP for the eighth time. The following year he was unanimously elected as secretary-general of the Arab Front , a movement that supports the Palestinian revolution. In the 1970s, the community Maronite then is the main beneficiary of the Lebanese confessional system. Kamal and other Muslim leaders feel under-represented or excluded by this system. The opposition forces demanding better representation of other communities in government while seeking a stronger involvement in the Lebanese Arab world. The opposition, mainly Christians and their opponents have formed armed militias. Jumblatt himself had organized the PSP into an armed militia, he has made his party the most important movement of the Lebanese National Movement. It was a coalition of left requiring abandonment of sectarianism and quotas. The MNL was joined by Palestinian and held in good relationship with the PLO of Arafat. In 1975 , early in the war of Lebanon Kamal Jumblatt is a key member of a coalition of parties called Islamo-progressive. In August 1975, he established a political agenda to end sectarianism in Lebanon, while calling into question the legitimacy of the Lebanese government. From 1975 to 1976, Jumblatt control with the help of the PLO from Lebanon 70%. He opposed the intervention of Syria in 1976, when allied to the camp Maronite. On 16 March 1977 , Kamal Jumblatt was assassinated at a hundred meters from a Syrian checkpoint, presumably on orders from Syria. Suspicion falls mainly on the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and the Baath. His son Walid Jumblatt then takes his place. In 2005 , Walid Jumblatt accused Syrian intelligence of murdering his father after nearly thirty years of forced alliance with them. In June 2005, George Hawi, the secretary-general of the Communist Party, the companion of war Walid Jumblatt blamed on Al-Jazeera Syria and especially Rifaat al-Assad , brother of Hafez al-Assad , to be responsible for the assassination of Kamal Jumblatt. In Lebanon, many believe that Syria is behind the murder of Hawi who was assassinated a few days later. Former employees of Syria turn against her, released by strong positions taken by France and the United States, resulted in resolution 1559 the Security Council and UN support for the March 14 movement, born in the wake of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, organized by the Syrian secret services as elements of the Commission of Inquiry set up by the Security Council. The Syrian track favored by investigators at the beginning of the investigation, however, was discredited. It appears that the investigation has been used politically, several witnesses had withdrawn by confessing to have been purchased. Towards Civil War
Civil war
Assassination
Preceded by Kamal Jumblatt Followed by Adel Osseiran
1969 
Lebanon
Kamal Jumblatt
Minister of Interior
1969-1970 Saeb Salam
1970-1973 Takieddine Solh
1973-1974 Lebanon
Kamal Jumblatt
Minister of Finance
1974-1975 Fawzi Khatib
1975
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