Judeo Provenal
| Shuadit or Chouadit | |
|---|---|
| Extinction | in 1977 with the death of Armand Lunel |
| Spoken in | France |
| Region | Occitan (Southern France) |
| Classification by family | |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Pte |
| IETF | Pte |
change  | |
The shuadit or chouadit ( Hebrew : also called Judeo-Provencal, Judeo-Comtadin or Hebraico-Comtadin, is a dead language formerly used by the Jews of southern France.
The first written records of that language back at least to the eleventh century , the most prominent being a poem about Queen Esther and a prayer book with the blessings of the morning for women are an unusual content.
This language began to decline because of the Inquisition but also the emancipation of Jews in the aftermath of the French Revolution , scattering across the French territory the Jewish refugees so far in the career of Comtat Venaissin.
The last known speaker, writer Armand Lunel , died in 1977.
The origin and development of chouadit are subject to several hypotheses: either it comes from an alteration of Latin by the Jewish community in the Roman province of Narbonne , or it originated as a form of Judeo-Latin earlier. A third assumption made by DS Blondheim and Mr. Ballitt suggests that it is a language developed under the influence of exegeses of Schools of Narbonne as Abraham ibn Ezra , Joseph , Moses and David Kimhi to the twelfth century.
Summary |
Features language
Like the other Jewish languages like Ladino , the yvanique or Yiddish , the resulting mixture chouadit a Hebrew lexicon to another or several other languages by French and Provenal. There are, like the Judeo-Spanish , spoken version and a literary version, written in Hebrew alphabet.
The chouadit shows a series of characteristics unique among Jewish languages:
- the / j / is often transformed into / / and / h / is often elided intervocalic. One of the best known examples is the name chouadit itself, resulting in the pronunciation of the word Yehuda (/ Judah / the "Jew" within the meaning of language of the Jews in Hebrew).
- Similarly, in the words inherited from the Hebrew and Judeo-Aramaic , letters samech , sin and tav are pronounced / / and / f / under the influence of Occitan.
- Finally, the Latin words observed a diphthongization liquids / l / and / / en / d /, while the phoneme / /, / /, / t / and / d / are reduced to a single phoneme / /. "More" becomes Pyu, "filho" feyo and judge Chuche.
References
- Mr. Banitt (1963), "A ghost language: Judeo-French", Journal of Romance linguistics No. 27, pp.245-294.
- DS Blondheim (1928), "Notes etymological and lexicographical. Mixtures of linguistics and literature offered by Dr. Alfred Jeanroy his students and friends," Paris, Champion, pp.71-80.
- H. Guttel (1971), "Judeo-Provencal," Encyclopaedia Judaica, 10. pp.439-441.
- R. Hirschler (1894), "Small vocabulary comprising almost all the words and expressions used by Judeo-Provencal said the Israelites Comtadins with etymology," Calendar for the use of Jewish religious year for 5655, Toulouse. pp.26-32.
- P. Pansier (1925), "A comedy slang Hebraico-Provence in the late eighteenth century," Journal of Jewish Studies No. 81, pp.113-145.
- Pedro de Alcantara (Emperor Pedro II of Brazil) (1891), "Poems Hebraico-Provenal Comtadin ritual", Avignon, Seguin Brothers
- Z. Szajkowski, Dos loshen yidn end in di-Qomta Venessen, ed. of YIVO , New York 1948.
Internal Links
External Links
- (In) sheet language in Ethnologue.com
- A Wisdom Archive is Shuadit language
- Jewish Language Research website's page is Judo-Provence
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