Judaea
31 41'56 "N 35 18'23" E / 31.69889, 35.30639
Judea (the Hebrew , is a mountainous region south of the Land of Israel. Its name comes from the tribe of Judah, it was the territory. In antiquity, it was a rather remote area in steep terrain. Judea was the center of several ancient kingdoms and provinces: the kingdom of Judah in the Iron Age, the Persian province of Yehud Medinat , kingdoms Hasmonean and Herodian then the Roman province of Judea.
Summary |
The territory of Judea is also translated into French by Judah , named after one of the two kingdoms of ancient Israel in the Iron Age.
In the New Testament , the name Judea has two meanings:
- the territory of the former kingdom of Judah ,
- the entire Land of Israel , called Palestine by the Romans after Hadrian.
In 135 , Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province of Judea Palaestina Syria (Syria, Palestine).
Geography
Judea is bounded on the north by Samaria , south of the Negev , west of the coastal plain and east by the Jordan Valley. It is an arid and mountainous. The maximum altitude is located on Mount Hebron at 1020 meters, the minimum altitude is 400 meters below sea level, near the Dead Sea.
Judea is divided into three sub-regions modern sense The terms of Judea and Samaria are now used by the Israeli government to designate the Jewish West Bank. The United Nations has used in 1948 to refer to a part of the southern West Bank and Israel today . Human presence in this region is attested since the Stone Age. Paleoanthropologists believe that the region was on the road to the great migrations of Homo sapiens 100,000 years ago. Archaeology has revealed that the city of Jericho existed for more than 11 000 years. The history of Israel is told by the Bible that after the Hebrews left Egypt led by Moses , the tribes of Israel arrived in the Promised Land, and it spread. The tribe of Judah settled in an area comprising the current Negev , Shephelah and Judean Desert and the area around Jerusalem . The tribes merge into a single kingdom of Israel with its capital in Jerusalem, successively kings Saul , from the tribe of Benjamin , David and his son Solomon , from the tribe of Judah. A schism between north and south created a Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah. The North still two centuries before being overrun by the Assyrians. The fall of the southern kingdom comes in 586 BC. AD , when Judea was invaded by the Neo-Babylonians. After the Babylonian Exile is the domination of the Persian Achaemenid then Greek Seleucids. The resistance of Hasmonean (see Books of Maccabees ) gave rise to a time an independent kingdom, the kingdom of Judea, governed by ethnarch , high priests Hasmonean. Judea then came under Roman rule in 63 BC. AD : Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus , son of Queen Alexandra , vying for the throne, Aristobulus appealed to Pompey. The conduct of Aristobulus to Pompey displeased, and he put Hyrcanus to the throne in his place. Judea became a client state, independent of de jure but de facto dominated. When Pompey was defeated by Julius Caesar , Hyrcanus was set aside and the effective power was given to Antipater , one of his ministers, who ruled until his death in 44 BC. BC In 40 , Hyrcanus II was killed and his nephew, Antigonus Mattathiah II ascended the throne. Last of the Hasmonean, he was killed in 37 BC. AD on the orders of Herod (the son of Antipater, Tetrarch of Judea from 41 appointed by Rome ), and Marc Antoine. In -37 , Herod took the title of king, it is known by the name of Herod the Great. The Romans called "king, ally and friend of the Roman people" (rex socius populi Romani amicusque). At his death in -4 , he divided his kingdom among his children, including Herod Archelaus , who ruled so badly that he was placed in the year 6 AD by Augustus , the call of its own population and Herod Antipas , husband of Herodias , mentioned in the New Testament. Now, Judea was under Roman control directly: it becomes dependent on a district governor of Syria and administered by a prefect of the Equestrian Order only because of the smaller province. Pontius Pilate was one of the prefects in charge of probably 26 to 36. Evidence of title praefectus Pilate, there is a stone inscription found at Caesarea. The capital went from Jerusalem to Caesarea , built by Herod the Great. Judea regained some independence between 41 and 42 , when Herod Agrippa was given the title of King of the Emperor Claude , and when his son, Herod Agrippa II , ascended the throne in 48. During his reign occurred the first major revolt in Judaea in 66 - 70 : it was crushed by Titus , who razed the Temple of Jerusalem. On the death of Herod Agrippa II , the province came under direct Roman control. Two uprisings were still taking place: Following this last revolt which caused heavy losses to the Roman armies, Hadrian changed the name of the province " Syria Palestine , Syria Palaestina, and Jerusalem was renamed Aelia Capitolina , to humiliate the Jews. According to the Christian historian Eusebius, Hadrian prohibited for Jews to live in the polis or colonia of Aelia Capitolina, although Jews continued to live in other parts of the country under its new name of Syria Palestine. It is wrong to believe that Hadrian expelled the Jews from all parts of ancient Judea. The Dominican friar and historian Felix Abel of the Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem , is an authority on this period of history, as well as the Israeli historian Michael Avi-Yonah. 400 to 638, the region became a province of the Byzantine Empire. Jerusalem, the third holiest city of Islam , is conquered. Abbasid Arabs settled there. They let the Christians do their pilgrimage. In 1078, the Seljuk Turks dislodge the Arabs from Jerusalem, and block the Christian pilgrimage. The Crusades starting in 1095 (see Crusades ), several kingdoms Latin Christians will be based in the region, including the Kingdom of Jerusalem , with its epicenter in Jerusalem and Judea. He will fall in 1187. In 1516 starts the Ottoman period, which ends in 1917 with the First World War. The partition plan for Palestine of 1947 provided that the bulk of Judea is part of the Arab state. Follows the Civil War of 1947-1948 in mandatory Palestine. In May 1948, the State of Israel was proclaimed, then begins the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-1949. Young Israeli military push the boundaries of the young state, part of Judea became Israeli and one Jordanian. The war of 1967 gave control of all Judea and Israel but the Oslo Accords of 1993 entrusted the administration of a party to the Palestinians, while the issue of Jewish settlements in the occupied territories is very sensitive. History
Prehistory / Protohistory
Iron Age
Judea Persian and Greek
The Hasmonean kingdom
The end of independence, -37 to 1948
The Roman and Byzantine period
The Middle Ages
Meanwhile, during the nineteenth century, Jews Zionists came to settle in the Promised Land, but less often in Judea.
From 1917 to 1948, Judea is part of mandatory Palestine. Since 1948, Judea in Israel and the Arab territories
See also
References
External Links
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