Journalist
| Journalist | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name (s) | Journalist |
| Sector (s) of Activity | Media - Communication |
| Related professions | Sports reporter - Reporter-photographer |
change  | |
| Journalism |
|---|
| Topics |
| Genres |
Citizen journalism |
| Social Impact |
| News media |
Print |
| Roles |
| Journalist Reporter Editor Columnist Photographer News presenter Training Other |
A journalist is someone whose business is journalism.
Summary |
Activity
The journalist's work is mainly to gather information about a current event or on a particular topic (in consultation with dispatches from news agencies , interviewing experts and witnesses, and relying on different sources ) and writing articles or publishing reports (written, audio, photo or video) in a newspaper or a magazine , in a station radio or TV on the Internet or other mass media.
This activity can be practiced in different forms depending on the function occupied by the journalist. We're talking about a writer for the journalist who writes press articles from reporter when he reports the facts with the aim of informing the public, columnist or criticism when its articles are specialized in a particular area ( dramatic , musical , art ), to columnist (or ticket agent ) if it is to put forward his views or his writing, etc.. When the reporter conducts a further investigation on a topic, it also uses the term "investigative journalist.
Even if they have no role in writing the articles itself, others working in the drafting of a broadcast or print media also have a status of journalist -editor , publisher, designer, designer, photographer, art director, picture editor, librarian, editors, concealer / editor, webmaster, editors, presenters, sound, picture taker ("JRI" reporter image), editor, etc..
Status
A journalist can be a permanent employee of a company release , working within the writing, or be a freelancer , that is to say, but also wage paid per job (often in proportion to the length of articles submitted ). Some companies also work corresponding local press , but this function is necessarily exercised in addition to another occupation: local correspondents have no status as a journalist.
The "fourth estate"
The facts that a journalist reported to the public are meaningful, eg in the field of politics , the economy or culture. This gives a power to journalists (whose profession is often described as the fourth estate, in allusion to the three constitutional powers ) in the process of the formation of public opinion and the influence that the revelation of these facts may be in Pronouncements of the public.
History
The journalist has gradually evolved into a recognized profession in the late nineteenth century journalism and the press have appeared in antiquity, such as Roman trial were displayed on the walls of such newspapers. You can find several stories in the history of an equivalent activity. In Norse mythology , for example, the ravens Hugin and Munin are sitting on the shoulders of the god Odin and tell him the news of the world.
In 2007, about 37,000 people hold the press card in France (which means to draw more than half of its revenues).
Definition and status
France
The definition of professional journalists, according to the law Brachard and Cressard law (Articles L7111-3 L7111-5 of the Labour Code):
Is a professional journalist''any person whose principal activity, regular and paid, the exercise of his profession in one or several media companies, daily publications and periodicals or news agencies and the main draws its resources.
The correspondent said he works on French territory or abroad, is a professional journalist if he receives remuneration fixed and satisfies the conditions in the first paragraph. Shall be treated as professional journalists direct employees of the editorial writers -translators, verbatim reporters, editors, reporters, cartoonists, photojournalists, excluding advertising agents and all those that do, in any capacity, an occasional collaboration.
Journalists exercising their profession in one or more undertakings of public communication by electronic means have the status of a professional journalist.
For more information, the report Brachard drafted in 1935 "on behalf of the labor board to examine the bill of Mr. Henry Guernut and several of his colleagues on the professional status of journalists," and the National Collective Agreement Working journalists.
Training
In countries that promote freedom of the press, no diploma is required to practice the profession of journalism. An internship in one or more media may still be required.
In principle, it asked the journalist to be aware of its social and political responsibilities vis--vis society (criterion of ethics ), possess a logical and analytical thinking, to have creative and have the sense of human contact. However versatile journalists tend to become less and less numerous. Technical skills are increasingly needed (when they are not required), due to the increasing complexity of the topics. Journalists speaker on topics "sharp" as in science, especially in the mainstream media, rarely have substantial training on these subjects, a journalist must possess an ability to understand and transcribe in terms understandable by as many a a priori information "difficult", so it does not remain restricted to a circle of insiders Professional status In France, the Commission on the Map of Journalists, an independent body composed of different members of the profession, elected by their peers, has authority to issue the official card of journalists, renewable annually, to all those who can justify the exercise of full regular and the profession (that is to say of him spend more than 50% of its activities during the year). A probationary year is required before requesting the allocation of the card. Incomplete list. In France, access journalism is not subject to obtaining a precise degree. However, the National Collective of journalists' work affirms the "best interests of the contracting parties to the training and hopes that novices have received general and technical education as complete as possible." In this way, having met one of the formations known as "recognized by the profession" that is to say, recognized by the National Joint Committee for Employment of Journalists (CPNEJ) - and be holder of diploma of study - halves the duration of the course of two years required to attain the status of journalist holder. The 12 courses are recognized by the CPNEJ (date?) : Other training, ESJ Paris Graduate School of Journalism at Paris in particular, created in 1899 are not recognized by the CPNEJ, just as the ISCPA, Media Institute, now in Lyon and Paris. In western Switzerland, the journalist-trainees are hired for two years with a media while following nine weeks of theoretical training at the Centre romand Training of Journalists (CRFJ). Trainees then spend a final examination period. Furthermore, after two years of journalistic practice, candidates journalists get PR (professional register) that makes them professional journalists. In 2009, 77 journalists were killed, 33 were removed, and 573 arrested. The cinema has often been journalists at work. This is the case in the following films: "Dictionary of journalism and media," Jacques Le Bohec, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2010. Australia
Belgium
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Canada
France
Formations say "recognized"
Morocco
Switzerland
Tunisia
Different trades
Journalists killed
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 103 64 36 28 23 38 32 31 25 40 53 63 81 86 60 77 57 Journalists represented by movies
References
See also
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