John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams
Mandates
6 thPresident of the United States
4 March 1825 - 4 March 1829
Election	1 December 1824
Vice-President	John C. Calhoun
Predecessor	James Monroe
Successor	Andrew Jackson
8 thSecretary of State United States
22 September 1817 - 3 March 1825
President	James Monroe
Predecessor	James Monroe
Successor	Henry Clay
Biography
Date of Birth	11 July 1767
Place of birth	Braintree, Massachusetts ( USA )
Date of death	23 February 1848 (80 years)
Place of death	Washington, DC ( USA )
Nationality	U.S.
Party	Federalist Party Democratic-Republican Party
Spouse	Louisa Johnson
Graduate (e)	Leiden University Harvard University
Occupation	Lawyer
Religion	Unitarianism
Signature
Presidents of the United States
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John Quincy Adams ( 1 767 - in 1848 ) is the sixth president of the United States. He is elected for a term of 1825 to 1829.

His father was the second president of the United States. However, the circumstances surrounding his election deprives many supporters and is still considered one of the best American diplomats before his presidency and one of the best representatives in the House after his presidency, he failed to score history of the United States during his single term.

John Quincy Adams was born on 11 July 1767 in Braintree, Massachusetts. It makes part of his studies at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands , when he accompanied his father had come to negotiate peace treaties and trade with the European courts which France and Great Britain. At age 14 he accompanied as secretary Dana Francis sent a diplomatic mission to St. Petersburg in order to recognize the United States to Catherine II. During his stay on the old continent, he will also visit Finland , the Sweden , and Denmark , and will learn the French , the Dutch and notions of German.

He graduated in law from the Harvard University. Admitted to the bar he began practicing in Boston , Massachusetts. He was appointed ambassador to the Netherlands in 1794, with the Portuguese in 1796 and Prussia in 1797.

Elected to the Senate from Massachusetts in 1802, it will also United States Senate where he served from 1803 to 1808, the Federalist party. He left the training to integrate the Democratic Party-Republican. He is a member of the committee that negotiated the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 , and foreign minister in the cabinet of President James Monroe between 1817 and 1825.

2 November 1824 presidential election is the first where popular votes are aggregated nationally. John Quincy Adams came in second behind General Jackson. This also gets the best score for the Electoral College vote, but because of the presence of three other candidates, he does not get a majority. The House of Representatives who, to everyone's surprise, the first vote last December in favor of Adams.

Presidency

1825

March 4: inauguration of John Quincy Adams as the sixth president of the United States.

1828

July 4: the anniversary of independence two ceremonies are held, one in Baltimore for the laying of the railway linking Baltimore to Ohio and the second in Washington where President Adams began to dig the canal from Washington to Ohio. 300 km long, it will be used for several years before being dethroned by the railroad.

Foreign policy

Although broken in diplomacy at a young age, Adams was not the source of important actions during his tenure at the time because he had solved many problems while he was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of James Monroe , but also because of opposition to Andrew Jackson during his presidency.

Domestic policy

Adams believed that the States composing the Union should be interdependent and that each would specialize in one area. In a speech to Congress he wants to create a national university, a national bank etc.. which strongly dislike the representatives of States which, again, consider that it was not elected by a majority sufficient to have the right to engage in large projects.

He also signed a law imposing new tariffs, which handicaps the southern states and earned him not to be reelected. In America it is known to have been one of the most determined opponents to Freemasonry. In 1834, he participated in the election for governor of Massachusetts under the banner of anti-Masonic Party , without success ^{Partisan Politics}

Andrew Jackson received more popular votes and more votes in the Electoral College that John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824. As he can not get the majority, the House of Representatives who appointed Adams to the presidency. Adams means when Henry Clay , one of the presidential candidates, as Minister of Foreign Affairs, the supporters of Jackson will see the result of an arrangement intended to deprive their hero for his victory. Opposition to the policy will remain virulent Adams throughout his term until the election of 1828 where Andrew Jackson released this time is victorious.

Retirement

John Quincy Adams in 1843. This is the first photograph of an American president.

John Quincy Adams continued his political career after 1828 : firstly the anti-Masonic Party and the Whig Party , he helped found to 1833-1834. Elected to the House of Representatives in 1831 , he remained there until his death on 23 February 1848. He also ran for the governorship of Massachusetts in 1834 but could not get it. In 1841, he defended before the Supreme Court the case of African Spanish ship La Amistad , which had taken control when they were transported as slaves illegal. Threatened with deportation to Spain , they are finally released.

Trivia

John Quincy Adams was the son of John Adams , ^the 2nd President. This situation was repeated until two centuries later: George W. Bush , ^the 43rd President, is the son of George Bush , ^the 41st President.

In 1797 he married Louisa Catherine Johnson, whom he met in London in 1794.

The son of John Quincy Adams, Charles Francis Adams, Sr., also had a career in politics.

In 1825, President John Quincy Adams, an advocate of secularism, was sworn in on a collection of laws rather than the Bible as widespread in the swearing-American, while none of the constitutional text evokes religious books for oaths.

References

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