John Nelson Darby
John Nelson Darby (born 18 November 1800 and died on 29 April 1882 ) was a preacher protesting. It is primarily known as one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren and the main figure in their industry-exclusive, and as the translator in several languages of the Bible.
Summary |
He was born in London in the City of Westminster in an influential family originally from Ireland. The middle name, Nelson, pays tribute to Lord Nelson, a family friend. Darby is the nephew of Admiral of the Royal Navy Henry D'Esterre Darby (fr).
It was a brilliant student in humanities at Westminster School and then Trinity College , Dublin , and was converted during his schooling. He thinks a moment to be lawyer , but quickly surrenders, thinking it would not be compatible with his faith. It is so ordered pastor Anglican Ireland.
In October 1827 , after a serious riding accident, Darby spent his convalescence thinking about the relationship between man and God. This will engender a revolutionary design of ecclesial institutions: for him, no need for an organization to meet between Christians , no need for the ordination (because every believer is a priest , without ordination ), he concludes that even the notion of clergy is an affront to Jesus Christ. Quickly, Darby partners with people who share the same ideas as him, including Benjamin Wills Newton (in) , and they meet regularly to Dublin to break bread (remember the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross ).
Darby remains within the Anglican Communion until 1836 , then break it, following public pronouncements radical, urging the faithful to shun the church official. He wrote so in his study on the Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy: "Where is the form without power, we should not go, and more than that in a positive direction, we need to remove such people. "
Until 1848, it will be directly associated with the current of the Plymouth Brethren or Plymouth Brethren. There will be a very effective ambassador to Great Britain, Switzerland, France ... this new trend. But gradually, in several areas, its position will cause a strong challenge including the design of the apostasy of Christianity or infant baptism. For the severity of the exclusions that were imposed in the 1840s, the Plymouth Brethren will result in the largest division in 1848. A wing "exclusive" will follow the positions of Darby and the others follow the more 'open' of George Muller , Craik or Chapman.
Darby traveled to Europe , bringing the passage of the " brothers "- Old English, brethren, that name will give the groups, otherwise also known as" pietistic "and" darbystes "or" Momier. He then traveled in America , in Australia and New Zealand. Note that the brothers never called "darbystes" themselves, they prefer the term "brothers" in French , "brethren" in English.
The brothers insist on including the following:
- the Christ only legitimate leader of the Church ,
- unity of all Christians regardless of their environment,
- the need for Christians to do more to meet under different names but only the name of Jesus Christ, the only center of the gathering of Christians ("wherever two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in their midst "Mt 18:20),
- the priesthood universal, spontaneous and "forthwith" (without mediation of clergy )
- the need for an authentic personal and real.
The groups are in communion and reciprocal under the direct guidance of Jesus Christ without a human intermediary.
He died in 1882 and is buried in Bournemouth , in Dorset in England.
Translation of the Bible
Darby knows six languages ( Hebrew , Greek , English , French , German and Italian ), translated the Bible directly from Hebrew and Greek texts in three languages: English, German and French. The first published in 1859. This translation has the particularity to be very literal , wanting above all to respect the text, if necessary by sacrificing the elegance of style or clarity of the translated text. He also writes a synopsis of the Bible, many biblical commentaries, and doctrinal treatises. His correspondence is also very abundant.
Cyrus Ingerson Scofield was inspired by the Bible Darby Bible for annotated by himself and is now the Bible commentary by reference to the United States.
Darby and dispensationalism
Darby is at the origin of the systematization and dissemination of the doctrine of " dispensationalism "that Christ will return at the end of time and a number of warning events (war, the emergence of a new political and economic world, the return of Jews to the Promised Land to Abraham , the arrival of the Antichrist ) will announce the final days of our world: then will be the battle of Armageddon , the ultimate confrontation between Good and Evil, after which true believers will be saved, and the unbelievers will be damned.
This doctrine, popularized by Cyrus Scofield , is very influential in evangelical circles fundamentalists.
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