John Knox
John Knox ( 1 514 - 1572 ) is the reformer (or founder) of the Scottish Church through the liturgy: which breaks with the Latin liturgical tradition. Collaborator of John Calvin , he organized the Presbyterian Church and was a leading figure of the Scottish Reformation began in 1528.
Summary |
Trained at the University of Glasgow ( 1529 ), he studied theology at St. Salvator's College (1531-1535). Ordained a priest in 1536 , Knox began as a lawyer before becoming a tutor to 1544. Witness the first reform movements that occur after the death of Jacques V ( 1542 ) and marked by the authorization of reading the Bible in the vernacular, soon follower of reform , he became pastor at St. Andrews (small town on the North Sea about 100 miles from Glasgow). Captured in 1547 by the Catholic armies, he was taken prisoner in France (July 1547 - March 1549) and sent to the galleys. After his release he went to England (1549), and began to preach in Berwick, where he met his future wife Marjory Bowes. He became chaplain to Edward VI in 1551 and participated in revising the Book of Common Prayer.
At the advent of the Catholic Mary Tudor in 1553 , he fled to England, won France (Dieppe - January 1554) then went to Geneva (where he met John Calvin ) in Frankfurt am Main (November 1554 - March 1555) and in Scotland , then he returns to Geneva (1556) where he became pastor of the English Church, giving it a "liturgy" (1556) mainly resulted from the prayers of Health Calvin it will become one of the Scottish Church.
Back in Scotland on 2 May 1559 , he introduced the Reformation , preaching sermons against violent Queen Mary I Stuart , misogynistic as an anti-Catholic. He began writing his book The History of the Reformation Of The Religion Within the Realm of Scotland. The death of the regent Mary of Guise allows Parliament to adopt 17 August 1560 a confession of faith Scottish decrees the abolition of Catholicism and its replacement by the Protestant who became the state religion. January 27, 1561, the Assembly of the Scottish church adopts a Book of Discipline.
Permanently leaving Levis, August 14, 1561, Mary Stuart returns to Scotland after the death of her husband, King of France Francis II. But it fails to assert his authority and the French, faced with the wars of religion , can not support it. In his sermons, John Knox hardest opposed to the queen, the lifestyle of the court and contributed to his deposition in 1567. This efficiency oratory is all the more remarkable that Knox was stuttering and sometimes the preacher haranguing his flock while intoxicated Source http://www.unpoissondansle.net/rr/9709/index.php?i=7 See also
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