Jewish (Terminology)

Various terms are used in French to designate members of the people descended from the biblical patriarch Jacob said Israel or claiming as such, the most common is the word " Jew ", but others are employed, sometimes wrongly. Conversely, "Jew" has the meaning of derivatives, often pejorative, from their long association with trade, and designating the trades or business attitudes.

According to biblical historiography, "children born to .

The kingdom of Israel, prosperous but corrupt and rife with idolatry, fell in 721 ACS under the blows of Sargon II , who deported its population . The kingdom of Judah survived until 586 ACS him, before being conquered by Nebuchadnezzar II , who brought his people to Babylon. Au terme d'un exil de prs de 50 ans , une poigne de volontaires est autorise en 538 AEC retourner sur ses terres par le roi perse Cyrus II , vainqueur de Babylone, et reconstruire leur Temple. Upon his return to the country of Judah, Ezra the scribe , finding deplorable manners and customs of the people remaining in the country, began to reform, excluding children born children of Jews and Gentiles. Nehemiah meanwhile dismissed offer aid of the Samaritans, the Hebrew Bible presents as Assyrians deported, although interested claim descent from Israel and are based on the same law enacted by Moses. It was around this time appears the first mention of Judah, "a native of Judea," in the Book of Esther .

"Jews"

The French word "Jew" and the "Jew" come from the English or Old French giu juieu from Latin iudeus and Greek Ioudaios (), transcription of the Aramaic Yehouda , itself derived from the Hebrew (Yehuda), "Judean," child of Israel about the province of Judea. The word itself comes from Judea of Judah , the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, named according to the Bible by his mother because "for once, I thank the Lord (Odeh "

"Semites"

The term "Semite" comes from the Greek form of the name of the second son of Noah, and designates the descendants of the biblical patriarch supposed , which the Hebrews are a family Aramaic. However, it is coined in reference to Hebrew by Ludwig August von Schlzer , to describe the group of Afro-Asiatic languages that are related in the third volume of the "Repertorium" of Johann Gottfried Eichhorn (p. 161, Leipzig, 1781 ), which is passed into common parlance . The linguistic definition of the Semites deviates from the Bible: the Elamites descendants of Shem does not speak a Semitic language, while the Egyptians and Canaanites, biblically considered as descendants of Ham are linguistically Semitic.

In the nineteenth ^century , the Semites are characterized by Gobineau race. The German nationalist Heinrich von Treitschke takes up this idea of race, but identifies the Semites to Jews only, and the term "antisemitism" is in practice used exclusively to refer to hostility towards Jews as a group "religious" "racial" or "ethnic ^, . .

The term is incorrect, all Semites are not Jews, all Jews are not Semites in view of the impact of conversions to Judaism in a hypothetical gene.

"Hebrews"

The term "Hebrew" ( 'Ivri) is used for the first time in conjunction with Abraham . The origin of this term, as proposed by the Jewish tradition, is the name of the patriarch Eber . However, the name of Eber is used to denote a community, and the Septuagint translated by Ivri ("the man from the area below"), doing so derive the word "cross" (the 'abortion ).

According to the Bible, by the end of Hebrews, the Israelites were known to other nations, including the Egyptians and Babylonians . However, the use of the term apiru by the Egyptians suggests that "Hebrews," if the term is equivalent to apiru, referred to a social group disparate and not a single ethnic group. The only use of the term "Hebrew" used after the story of the Exodus from Egypt , is used to distinguish a Hebrew slave or a slave or a Canaanite , this could include all populations Transjordan (the Ammonites , Moabites, Edomites, etc..), who left archaeological evidence, the Mesha Stele , written in the same alphabet in a language very similar.

"Israelites"

Reference

This article incorporates text from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, article "JEW (The Word)" , a publication now in the public domain.

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