Jewish Eschatology
The Jewish eschatology is a branch of Jewish thought concerned with the final destiny of the Jewish people and the world in general. According to most beliefs on this subject, the end of days ( Hebrew a'harit Hayamim Jewish eschatology in the Hebrew Bible The Torah begins in an idyllic creation of man, which ended with his expulsion from the Garden of Eden and the loss of his influence over earthly creatures. The offspring of the son of man created in his image, thus to that of God, fails and fails to turn, so God decides to bring a catastrophe on earth to erase humanity. The only survivors of the flood, however, are hardly better, and their descendants are quick to cause a visit from God by building a tower to reach heaven designated. However, once the seeds of the history of the Hebrews, so the lineage of Israel, it was announced that Abram will be blessed through him all nations of the world . Abram, later Abraham has two son, but only Isaac was named "offspring "and even one called Jacob" offspring . "Other" prophecies "the tale of the Patriarchs . Similarly, the Mosaic law has more or less explicitly for the relationship between Israel and the nations, and the rule of the first final on the last . In the Messianic time, marking the end of this world , a reign of King from the lineage of David , who saved Israel from exile, and led in the ways of the Torah , which is recognized as the nations leading universal peace. This speculation is understood as Jewish faith and belief by Paul of Tarsus and eschatology Christian. The Torah itself does not speak of the Messiah, except in two places, where it is not named: The first character frankly messianic prophecies appear after the reign of Kings David and Solomon. From what has been experienced as a veritable "golden age", Israel was divided, the worship of God has been abandoned, the enemy, so brilliantly turned away or appeased with glorious time, inflict humiliating defeats as ruinous both in the kingdom of Israel than that of Judah. If the first prophets of the post-Davidic, as Elijah had primary objective to restore the worship of the name , the later prophets like Micah prophesy a military leader, and Isaiah proclaims peace that will bring this masterpiece to its victories this will be world peace, where we no longer know war, the enemy "irreducible" Israel has been destroyed, where wisdom reigns as the people of Israel over the nations. Messianism is back to Hasmonean period, when national independence seems closer than ever. It further intensified during the Roman rule, because why not see Magog (see below) in such a scourge of global proportions that is more? These conquests of Judea by the Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, and the Exile in Babylon, have generated extensive research ( Midrash ), the Messiah and the Messianic time, resulting in a proliferation of texts in Hebrew and Greek ( Apocalypses , Guns Jewish and Christian apocryphal , books intertestamental, Dead Sea Scrolls etc..), which lead to the "messianic" Jews and Arabs , such as Judeo-nazarisme and on early Christianity : but if it was in this ferment of ideas that comes Jesus , other contenders for the Messiah, no less decisive for the history of the Jews will arise, as Judas ben Gamala or Simeon Bar Kokhba. The Talmud is considering ( Sanhedrin 94a) that the world we know will exist for 6,000 years, dating from the creation of the world (according to the Hebrew calendar , the "end of days" would be for the year 2240 AD). These 6000 years are divided into three periods: 2000 years of hustle (cf. Gen 1:2, chaos, before the giving of the Torah ), 2000 years of Torah (the giving of the Torah to the destruction of the Second Temple ) 2000 years of messianic time. The Talmud says that because of the sins of Israel, the Messianic time is delayed. The Talmud ( Brachot 34b) also reported a controversy between Rabbi Yohanan and Shmuel as to the nature of events. For Rabbi Yohanan, it will be an era of daily miracles ever seen, while Shmuel estimated that there will be no difference between this world and the world to come, apart from the enslavement of Israel to the nations. The end of time that the war would lead Magog , two powers against Gog, that is to say Israel. The precise identity of Magog is not known today. Many makers including Maimonides and Rav Yosef Karo believe that the resurrection will not immediately following the war of Gog and Magog, and that, in general, it is unclear both about the nature of things and events. According to Maimonides, According to most commentators ( Talmud Erouvin ), there will be 24 hours between the real coming of Elijah, which would bring the Messiah, and the actual arrival of the Messiah. According Pessikta Rabbati (one treated juveniles ), 3 days would elapse. However, as the Jerusalem Talmud , the Rambam and the Seder Olam Elijah will precede the Messiah. The Tosafot think they will come together. The Day of Judgement is mainly addressed by Zephaniah (1:14-18) This would be a day of darkness and fog, where they would sound the shofar ( King James Version translates as "horn" or "trumpet") on the cities overwhelmed with terror, a day of destruction. Opinion Orthodox Jewish in this area follows, broadly, that of Maimonides (described above). However, he believes it was issued at a time when the persecution of Jews, to be constant and sometimes bloody, had not reached the level of radicalism of the expulsion of Jews from Spain, barbaric killings Cossacks or systematic Nazi extermination. The Conservative Judaism , current heterogeneous comprising mainly American, a hand, "almost Orthodox, however, allow themselves not to regard the Act as absolutely absolute authority," and the other, "Liberals want to keep some traditions" (hence the name American conservative) do not profess a single point of view, but gives freedom of choice to its members, so that both align themselves with traditional ideas, while others look for interpretations Progressive: - Emits veEmounah "manifesto" of Conservative Judaism The Reform Judaism rejects the idea of a Messiah who would lead the world, because just as it is, there would be no real freedom of choice. The idea of Messianic time unless it is inconsistent, but he understood less as an age of miracles as a "utopia" that every Jew must compete. - Schwartzman, 2004 The Reconstructionist Judaism rejects both the idea of a personal Messiah sent by God as Messianic Time. He, however, teaches that man must use his power to improve the world, which is quite similar to reformist ideas. Besides the items mentioned above, This article incorporates text from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, a publication now in the public domain.
The End of Days is traditionally divided into a number of successive periods: Messianic Time
Among other issues discussed Sages are those concerning whether the Law of the Torah will be reduced for the converted nations ( circumcision , Sabbath , dietary laws ...) and what specific people Jew preserved among nations.
Occur then the resurrection of the dead and the advent of the world to come. Origins and evolution of a belief
The military dimension diminishes considerably in the prophecies of Ezekiel , deported to Babylon, to make room for fantastic prophecies, where the apocalyptic aspect becomes much more prevalent (see Zechariah and Zephaniah ). Daniel even see the Messiah down from the clouds (Zechariah sees as poor, riding a donkey). Announcements prophetic opinions Talmudic and post-Talmudic
Note that many opinions coexist on the age of the world: if some current ultra-Orthodox want to take the Torah at the foot of the letter, and approach the current creationists , others, including Jews and liberal Protestants and Some Christians, including the Catholic Church , believe that the years of the Torah are symbolic.
This controversy continues among Rishonim : Maimonides resumed opinion Shmuel (see below). As for the resurrection of the dead, if he says as the 13th principle, he believes that the resurrected will die to be reborn in spirit.
Rabbi Abraham ben David Posquieres , great opponent of Maimonides, will not fail in the rule and take the position of Rabbi Yohanan.
Nahmanides attempt to reconcile these approaches by imagining a spiritual world, where mind and matter are one and where to perform the miracles described in the prophecies, that Maimonides holds for pure allegories. The War of Gog and Magog
The battle will be fierce with heavy casualties on both sides, but God will intervene and save Israel.
Some say he Occasional Messiah son of Joseph (or Ephraim , which is the same), champion of Israel that will push the army of Magog, before being felled by an opponent, after which comes Messiah son of David.
Gog defeated, God will banish the "evil" of human existence. The future world will be an era of world peace, holiness, and intense spiritual life, which God will reveal itself directly to everyone. The resurrection of the dead
What will happen there at the end of time?
The Day of Judgement
For a detailed reading
Current Opinions
Viewpoint traditional, accepted by the Orthodox
These events led to, first, the Jews to reconnect with the ideas expressed in the Talmud , like the birth pangs of the Messiah ( Hevlei Hamashia'h ), on the other, develop their explanations mysticisantes condition, such as those proposed by Isaac Abravanel and Isaac Luria , such explanations accompanied by miraculous expectations in the age predicted by the prophets, whose prophecies were not taken in an allegorical sense. Views of Jews "Conservatives"
Views of Reform Jews
Reconstructionist ideas
References
See also
Sources
External Links
Loading ...