Jewish Education

A Melamed (teacher) in Podolia the ^nineteenth century. Most primary schools were based on the model of the heder , teaching only religious texts in a room in the house of Melamed.

The Jewish education ( Hebrew : , "education") means the initial transmission basics, principles and religious laws of Judaism. Given the emphasis on Torah study , many commentators have said that Judaism is characterized by lifelong learning that begins in childhood and continues into adulthood.

If this model has remained relatively unchanged to this day in the haredi world , it was however more or less highly suited to the sensibilities of Jewish secular societies, where less formal education and more focused on the secular aspects of Jewish fact as the history , the culture and identity Jewish , took place more or less significant depending on the level of cultural assimilation , compared to this purely religious education.

Jewish education in the Bible

There is no limitation among the 613 mitzvot listed in the rabbinic tradition specifically expressing the obligation to teach Torah to children, although there is the command of Haqhel, a public reading of the Torah by the king before the people at the end of the festival every seven years , to teach them the words of the Shema and talk , to so that, knowing them clearly, they conclude that he must live according to these rites and principles . References to education or tutor are abundant in the late biblical literature. However, it appears from the Bible that the Israelites were literate as a whole (although the archaeological evidence does not establish a literacy before the ^eighth century BC. although the Book of Maccabees (not included in the Hebrew biblical canon), written in a context of struggle against Hellenism , as has a . Education, far from being systematic, is assumed as an individual in every household, recommending to do so in the style of the child so he does not turn later .

On the other hand, found study circles around the Torah of the prophets , but these clubs are restricted to their disciples.

The institution of public reading and study of Torah is that of Ezra . If it does not base the synagogue, where men gather in a local place of worship for the read, however this initiative is responsible for the association to be made between the synagogue and the statement that appears in the writings of Philo Alexandria .

Education in Jewish rabbinic literature

The founder of the elementary education system was Simon ben Sheta . Although the school was not in immediate connection with the synagogue, classes were taught in a local place of worship or in the house of the teacher. It was entitled according to his rank "hakham (wise)," "sofer (scribe)," "hazzan . "Between 63 and 65 EC, Joshua ben Gamla reformed education by requiring all communities regardless of their size public education of their children . According to Oriental custom, the students were sitting on the floor in a semicircle around the teacher, who sat on a raised platform . The teacher's salary was not mentioned, but was in compensation for loss of time, because most teachers engaged in work in addition to teaching the Law, as the saying of Rabbi Tzadok: Do not do education or a crown to shine a shovel to dig . The girls also learned that we must fear God and keep His commandments .

After the destruction of Jerusalem, the center of Jewish culture was transferred to Yavneh , where Yohanan ben Zakkai established a academy with the consent of the Romans. His example was imitated in Lydda , in Caesarea and elsewhere, which allowed the backup of the Act, although the temple could not be saved. Many were students at these centers, where instruction was oral. A verse a day there was studied, and the text was explained with reference to the daily. The teachers however, do not differ from lessons drawn from previous generations.

References

• Pedagogica section of the Jewish Encyclopedia
• The World of the Jewish Youth Movement by Daniel Rose - we Movements and informal education

This article incorporates text from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, a publication now in the public domain.

See also

Related articles

• Heder
• Talmud Torah
• Yeshiva
• Jewish Sexuality

Bibliography

• Erik Cohen and Maurice Ifergan, study and Jewish education in France, or, The future of a community, Cerf, Paris, 1991, 290 p. ( ISBN 9782204042345 )
• Prosper Elkouby, Arie Elkouby, Daniel and Judith Elkouby Benzakki, to a Jewish education in the city: writings, speeches, testimony, BHC, 2004, 191 p. ( ISBN 9782952286015 )
• Raphael Elmaleh, A history of modern Jewish education in France: Lucien de Hirsch School, Biblieurope, 2006, 616 p. ( ISBN 9782848280646 )
• WIZO , the Jewish Education in the Diaspora, Publisher World Zionist Organization, Jerusalem, 1971, 116 p.

Links and external documents

• JESNA Jewish Education Service of North America
• CAJE The Coalition for the Advancement in Jewish Education

• Education Portal
• Portal of Jewish culture and Judaism

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