Jean Guitton
Jean Guitton ( Saint-Etienne , Loire , 18 August 1901 - Paris , 21 March 1999 ) was a philosopher and writer French , a member of the French Academy.
Summary |
He was born into a family Catholic bourgeoisie of Etienne : Traditional Catholic's paternal and maternal sides of the Catholic humanist, his maternal grandfather showing of agnosticism. This diversity in expressions of faith mark the originality of his thought.
Student at the Lyce Saint-Etienne, there was a brilliant student who leads him to the cole Normale Suprieure of the rue d'Ulm (class 1920 ). He graduated in philosophy in the aggregate in 1923 and became Doctor of Letters in 1933. He gets one of his first assignments at the Lyce Thodore de Banville in Moulins (03), former capital of the duchy of Bourbonnais, where he had strong roots in Bourbonnais St. Pourain sur Sioule. Her thesis is on Time and Eternity in Plotinus and Augustine. He teaches at the school for several years before being appointed to the University of Montpellier in 1937.
During the Second World War , he is a prisoner of war in Oflag IV D (Elsterhorst). The captivity is an opportunity for him to write and publish an essay on the metaphysical and political French identity: Foundations of the French community . His Journal of captivity 1942-1943 is also an echo of his political agenda: he recounts, among other things, his commitment to the "Circle Petain" camp, where he lectures and organizes meetings between French and German officers . Several pages of the Journal are published as soon as March 7, 1943, in the weekly Petainist Tomorrow, whose mission was to bring together Catholics from all around the edges of Marshal Petain . The publication of the Journal earned him a conviction in court for "aiding the enemy and help the German propaganda" .
Close friend of Monsignor Montini, later Pope ( Paul VI ), it is protected from the rigors of the Index. It is called by John XXIII to participate as a simple layman Vatican II. Meanwhile, he continues to publish works of philosophy and apologetics , which made it one of the greatest Catholic thinkers of the twentieth century. Jean Guitton was also appointed by Bergson alongside Vladimir Janklvitch as heir of his thought .
It helps the other to share Marthe Robin (see his book Portrait of Marthe Robin) that he would frequently see and whom he seeks advice before going to the French Academy.
Supported by Gabriel Marcel , he was appointed in 1955 to the chair of philosophy at the Sorbonne , in spite of opposition from Vladimir Jankelevitch and Jean Wahl , who see the return of Petainism. He was elected on 8 June 1961 at the French Academy, the chair of Leon Berard ( 1876 - 1960 ). The Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser , who was his pupil who comes to see him secretly admired the night on several occasions in May 1968 to talk with him . In 1987 , it was the turn of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences to open its doors, the chair of Ferdinand Alqui.
He continued to write until the end of his life. In 1984 , he shared his thoughts on death and the afterlife in The Absurd and the Mystery, following discussions with President Francois Mitterrand , then suffering from cancer. In 1991 , he suffered a case of plagiarism. The astrophysicist Trinh Xuan Thuan accuse Bogdanoff brothers of having plagiarized his book The Secret Melody ( 1988 ) for their book entitled Guitton interview with God and science. The trial that follows these accusations washing .
Practicing painting since his childhood, including Jean Guitton has painted a Way of the Cross for St. Louis-des-Invalides. For each station for each stop in the road, Jean Guitton has conducted a "web" - an icon - in which he wrote a short sentence that illuminates the painting and reveal what he painted. Jean Cocteau was also encouraged to decorate the chapel in Rome Prmontrs .
Talented painter, he is accompanied and encouraged by the painter Edith Desternes , who also had strong ties to Mills Bourbonnais (03), produced and exhibited his works at Galerie Katia Granoff - Paris.
Jean Guitton died in 1999 at age 97. Married late in life, he had no children. His brother, Henri Guitton , became a respected economist.
Some of his works
- Portrait of a Mother (1933)
- Time and eternity in Plotinus and Augustine (1933) Awards
- 1954 Grand Prize of the French Academy
- 1979 Gold Medal Montaigne
- 1986 Commander of the Legion of Honor
- 1990 Grand Cross of the Order of Merit
- Commander of Arts and Letters .
Sources
- The life of Jean Guitton, JJ Antier (Perrin, 1999)
- Portrait of Monsieur Guitton, G. Leclerc (Bartillat, 1998)
- Bourbonnais origins and Marche Jean Guitton, Bernard Desthieux (Les Cahiers Bourbonnais, Charroux-en-Bourbonnais, No. 190 pp.53/65 and Jean Guitton in its valley "even quarterly magazine, No. 191 pp.56/67 , 2004-2005)
- Guide to Literary walks in Limousin (Regional Centre of the book in Limousin, 2007)
References
- Foundations of the French community, Lyon, Plon, coll. "Books of the captives," No. 1, 1942.
- The bishops at the time of Vichy, loyalty without subservience, p.101-102 , Jean-Louis Clment, Editions Beauchesne, 1999, ( ISBN 2701013550 and 9782701013558 )
- Journal of captivity 1942-1943, Paris, Montaigne, 1943, edition under the title pages burnt. Journal of captivity 1942-1943, Paris, Albin Michel, 1998.
- Ibid., 1998, pp. 31 and 130-131.
- Gisle Sapiro, War of the Writers 1940-1953, Paris, Fayard, 1999 55.
- see Philippe Aries: a traditionalist Maverick, P. 137 Guillaume Gros, Presses Univ. North, 2008, ( ISBN 275740041X and 9782757400418 )
- See A century life in 1988, the chapter on "Creative Evolution" and the chapter on Bergson. In the same book see also chapters on Althuser, Camus, Daniel Halevy ...
- He confided during a lecture he gave before the faculty in 1970 at the Catholic Institute in response to the book by Raymond Aron : Marxism imaginary)
- Herve Morin. The scientific reputation impugned Bogdanov brothers. Le Monde, 19 December 2002.
- Dictionary of Philosophers, PUF, 1984 1112
- Le Figaro, April 2, 1977 and April 19, 1979
External Links
- (En) / (en) Jean Guitton on the Internet Movie Database - more complete version in English
- Biography of the French Academy
- Video: Jean Guitton in 1963, he speaks about the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council , an archive of the Swiss Television.
- Quotations
- [2] A video about the work of painter Jean Guitton.
Preceded by
Leon BerardChair 10 of the French Academy
1961-1999Followed by
Florence Delay
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