Jean Baubrot
| Jean Bauberot | |
| Birth | 26 July 1941 Chteauponsac ( Haute-Vienne ) |
|---|---|
| Nationality |  France |
| Occupation (s) | sociologist |
| Other activities | Member Commission "Sigma" General Office Plan (January 2004) |
| Training | Doctor in History Doctor of Letters and Humanities |
| Honors | Chevalier of the Legion of Honor |
Baubrot Jean, born July 26 1941 at Chteauponsac ( Haute-Vienne ), is a historian and sociologist specializing in French sociology of religion and founder of the sociology of secularism.
After holding the Chair of History and Sociology of Protestantism "(1978-1990), he holds the Chair of History and Sociology of secularism" (since 1991) at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes which is the honorary president. He has written twenty books, including a historical novel. He is the coauthor of an International Declaration on secularism signed by 250 academics from 30 countries.
Summary |
The son of teachers, he followed his high school to high school Gay-Lussac Limoges before proceeding to the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne. He is the recipient of the Foundation Zellidja. Ph.D. in history (under the direction of Jean-Marie Mayeur ), in arts and sciences, he graduated from the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE).
Beginning as a technical collaborator in the EPHE in 1967, he became research assistant in 1971 and director of studies from 1978. He chairs the religious studies section between 1986 and 1994 and was appointed Chairman of the School in 1999 before becoming Chairman Emeritus.
Founding in 1995 until 2001 and Director of the Group of Sociology of Religion and secularism ( CNRS - EPHE ), it is called between 1997 and 1998 as technical adviser to Sgolne Royal , Deputy Minister for School Education.
Only member of the Stasi Commission to have abstained on the vote of the report which led to the development of law on the principle of secularism.
There is also a member of the International Society of Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and chaired the company Ernest Renan in 1995 and 1996.
Criticism
Jean Bauberot, in his history of secularism in France (2005), states that the concept of secular pact does not imply that the separation of church with state is the result of a negotiation between two powers, but realizes the passage of a secularism that was the exclusive property of one of France in conflict (the supporters of the French Revolution and that of "the eldest daughter of the Church"), a secularism which may include members of both France when, in 1946 , secularism has become constitutional with the Fourth Republic , and in 1958 the constitution of the Fifth Republic.
Secularism has three aspects. The state is secular, freedom of belief and worship is right, then beliefs (religious or not) are equal. Thus secularism means the neutrality of the state, serving the human rights and freedom of conscience. This was the position of Ferdinand Buisson , according Baubrot. The secularists in his build some sort of intolerant secularism and identity by focusing on only one criterion of secularization, which is yet a theological term. Certainly, without secularism secularization would be a kind of ecumenism, not a true secularism. But without a secular religious freedom is a kind of official atheism, contrary to freedom of conscience on behalf of emancipation. Now, believers tend to favor the second criterion, religious freedom and minority religions equality between faiths. In any case, the equality of their own religion! (Secularism 1905-2005, between passion and reason, Seuil, 2004).
The philosopher Henri Pena-Ruiz has criticized the chapter "secularism debate and controversial interpretations (examples)" from his book Secularism (2003), the idea of secular pact developed by Jean Bauberot in his book Toward a New Deal secular? (1990) about the particular law of separation of Church and State in 1905 , stressing that a pact implies that there was a negotiation with the churches, which was not the cases. "The question is whether secularism should be renegotiated in light of developments in the religious landscape," or if it is a "principled value transcends different spiritual options and escapes relativism."
The response of John Baubrot (see his History of secularism in France, Que sais-je? to PUF ) is that the sociological notion of "covenant" does not necessarily formal negotiation (see already the 3rd direction of Robert) It means "the ability to design a different future from the horizon which bounds this conflict, the willingness and ability to act as political as this utopian future than on the present conflict and provide the means to achieve a (relative) peace. "
However Patrick Cabanel (Words of secularism, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, Toulouse, 2004) argued that the notion is historically relevant (p. 77-80).
Jean Bauberot is also the author of the concept of thresholds of secularization: it distinguishes between three levels, the first is the result of the French Revolution and the refocusing operated by Napoleon Bonaparte , the second law secularizing the public school (1882-1886 ) and separating church and state (1905, 1907, 1908), the third was developed in 1968 (anti-institutional protest May 68) to 1989 (fall of the Berlin Wall, 1st headscarf affair).
Jean Bauberot claims to a "secular inclusive. He believes however that the work of Henri Pena-Ruiz is marked, paradoxically but significant by historians confessional ... retaining essentially Bonaparte - the concordat - irrespective of the Civil Code which separates a stable laws of religious norms.
Other functions
- Founder and former Director of the Group of Sociology of Religion and Secularism, CNRS-EPHE
- Honorary President of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Chair in History and Sociology of Secularism ", EPHE (Sorbonne)
- Former advisor to the Minister Responsible Segolene Royal , 1997-1998, Citizenship Education.
- Member of the Advisory Committee on Religious Affairs, Ministry of Employment and Solidarity (since 1999)
- Member of the Appraisal Mission, analysis and proposals relating to representations of violence on television ( Ministry of Culture , June-December 2002)
- Member of the Commission on Higher Education Private Ministry of National Education (since 2003)
- Member of the Independent Commission on the principle of secularism in the Republic called " Stasi Commission "(July-December 2003)
Bibliography
- A secular Christianity? Kingdom of God, socialism and cultural modernity in the periodical "Christian Social" The vanguard (1899-1911), Paris, PUF (Library of the School of Advanced Studies, Religious Studies Department) 1978.
- Secularism what legacy? From 1789 to today, Geneva, Labor and Fides , 1990.
- Towards a new deal secular?, Paris, Seuil , 1990.
- Pluralism and religious minorities. Symposium organized by the CNRS and the Religious Studies Department of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. With the support of the Mission of the bicentenary of the French Revolution, Leuven, Peeters (Bibliothque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Religious Studies Department), 1991 (management).
- Religion and secularism in Europe of the twelve, Paris, Syros , 1994.
- Secular morality against the moral order, Paris, Seuil, 1997. Critique
- History of Protestantism, Paris, PUF ( Que sais-je? ), 5th edition. 1998.
- Hatred forgotten. The antiprotestantisme before the pact lay "(1870-1905), with Valentine Zuber, Paris, Albin Michel (Religious Studies), 2000. Structure crowned by the French Academy.
- Religion, modernity and culture in the United Kingdom and France, 1800-1914, with Sverine Mathieu, Paris, Seuil (Points History), 2002.
- Secularism to the test. Religion and Freedom in the World (collective work under the direction of Jean Bauberot), Encyclopaedia Universalis , 2004.
- The veil that hides there? With Dounia Bouzar and Jacqueline Costa-Lascoux , L'Atelier, 2004.
- Secularism 1905-2005, between passion and reason, Seuil, 2004.
- The separation of church and state in the future of secularism, with Mr. Wieviorka, ed. de l'Aube, 2005.
- Should we revise the 1905 law?, With Jean-Paul Scot , Christian Delacampagne , Henri Pena-Ruiz , and Rene Remond , Paris, PUF, 2005.
- mile Combes and Princess Carmelite: Unlikely love, romance, ed. de l'Aube, 2005.
- Fundamentalism Republican against secularism, ed. de l'Aube, 2006.
- History of secularism in France, Paris, PUF ( Que sais-je? ), 4th edition, 2007.
- The secularism in the world, Paris, PUF (Que sais-je?), 2007
- Short History of Christianity, Paris, Librio, 2008
- For church authorities and overseas from 1945 to today (collective work under the direction of JB) ed. Indes savantes, 2008.
- Secularism Explained to Nicolas Sarkozy and those who write his speeches, Paris, Albin Michel, 2008
Honors
- Chevalier of the Legion of Honor
- Award of Religious Liberty, Liberty Magazine and International Religious Liberty Association (April 2004)
- Officer in the National Order of Merit
- Gandhi Medal of UNESCO
- Price of Franco-Arab (1971)
- Doctor Honoris Causa from the Free University of Brussels (2008)
See also
"Secularism and feminism, marriage problem" , an interview with Jean Marc Baubrot Jacquemain, Politics, a journal of debates, Brussels, No. 63, February 2010.
Internal Links
External Links
- Blog of John Baubrot
- Bio on the site of the EPHE
- Meets at CNRS 1901-1908: a "separation" between passion and reason
- Responds to the French Documentation
- Humanity responds to 1598, the Edict of Nantes Jean Bauberot: a certain ideal of equality
- Secularism on the website of the Embassy of France to the United States
- Site IUFM
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