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Jawhar Al Siqilli

Jawhar al-Siqilli .

Summary

1 Biography
2 Notes and references
3 See also
- 3.1 Articles Related
- 3.2 Links and external documents

Biography

We do not know his ancestors except the name of his father Abdullah. The reason is that Jawhar was related to a group of Mawali (non-Arab) Sicilian who had been brought into slavery of the Emirate of Sicily in the Tunisian city of Kairouan , which at that time was the capital of the great Fatimid Caliphate in North Africa, West. His ancestors were Christian Byzantine , and in general for non-Arabs at that time, there was no plan to trace their origins with their non-Islamic names.

In 953, Jawhar is released by the Emir al-Mu'izz , who this year succeeded his predecessor al-Mansur , and soon became important. He was appointed secretary of al-Mu'izz. Jawhar as head of the army Fatimids made by Maghraoua and Kutama take M'Sila. He will try to enter the Maghreb Al Aqsa. During his journey, he meets Yala Mohamed Ibn chief of Banu Ifren to speak. Yala Mohamed Ibn goes alongside the Fatimids. But after Jawhar ordered his soldiers to kill Mohamed Ibn Yala. The B Ifren retaliate against this decision. Thereafter, war broke out between B. Ifren and Fatimids.

In the year 959 he was appointed vizier and commander of the army. The same year he undertook and successfully conquered many provinces in the Maghreb. He lived there and ruled the country for years.

After a long convalescence in the month of February in the year 969 Jawhar, who was now considered indispensable by the Emir al-Mu'izz is responsible to conquer Egypt. A little later he will take the city of Alexandria without major problems, and headed towards the city of Fustat , which immediately gives his surrender.

Immediately after the victory he became governor of Egypt and is distinguished by ensuring that its soldiers are looting and the taking of spoils of war, giving them great rewards and honors. His government is tolerant, benevolent and positive.

The same day of the conquest, July 6 969 Jawhar trace the design of the new town and proceeds to the Foundation on 136 ha, al-Qahirah (modern city of Cairo ) and the construction of his castle (Qasaral ). In 970 he began construction of the mosque (and theological college) al-Azhar, the new city center of Shiite propaganda on Egypt. It was inaugurated two years later. Contingents of the army of tribal origin, were installed by the boxes, which quickly became neighborhoods. Jawhar also built a palace (the palace of the East) to accommodate the caliph. On June 22 972 the mosque was consecrated and opened for worship and June 10 973 , everything was ready to host the Caliph Al-Muizz li-Din Allah, who transferred his capital.

In the year 970 he sent his men to the conquest of Syria and they were successful. But the situation had changed when Qarmats intervened on the side of the Syrians. In 972 Syrians and Qarmats forces attacked Egypt, but Jawhar taking command of his men managed to defeat them. In this way Syria was taken stably.

He died in Cairo on January 28 992 over 80 years. The tomb can be seen today in the north side of the university of al-Azhar is considered to be the tomb of Jawhar but this is controversial. The tomb could belong to a Turkish slave, a Qanqabali Amir Jawhar.

References

Arabic : jawhar did iqill, , Jawhar the Sicilian
Arabic Abu al-Hasan ibn Abd Allh jawhar did iqil, al-ma arf bil-Katib, ar-Rumi
, , , father of Hasan Jawhar son of `Abd Allah, the Sicilian, the Secretary deemed the Byzantine (Rumi)
jawhar did iqill, , Jawhar the Sicilian is sometimes called jawhar did aqlab, , Jawhar the Slavonian
where one of his nickname al-Rumi: ar-Rumi,
Ibn Khaldun, History of the Berbers