Jalal Ud Din Rumi

Celaledn Rumi Mevlana in Turkish : Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi) ( Balkh , 30 September 1207 - Konya , 17 December 1273 ) is a mystical Persian Muslim who has profoundly influenced Sufism. There are half a dozen transcripts of the name Jalal el-Din, "Majesty of Religion" (Jalal, majesty, and dine, religion, memory, religion). He received the nickname early Hudavendigar or Mawlana Hudavendigar or Mevlana, meaning "our master". His name is intimately linked to the order of " whirling dervishes "or Mevlevi , a major Sufi brotherhoods of Islam , which he founded in the city of Konya in Turkey to celebrate the eighth centenary of his birth. Thus, the September 30 were held in Konya festivities with the participation of whirling dervishes.

Summary 1 Biography 1.1 Early 1.2 Burhan od Din Tirmidhi Muhaqqiq Shams ed Din Tabrizi 1.3 1.4 od Din Salah Fardn Zarkb 1.5 Husam od Din Celeb 2 The order of the Mevlevi 3 The work of Rumi 3.1 Period intellectual 3.2 Period courteous 4 The impact of Rumi in the West 5 Quotes from Rumi 6 References 7 Bibliography 7.1 Works translated into French 7.2 Books on Rumi 8 External links

Biography

Youth

Originally from the town of Balkh, in present Afghanistan , Rumi is the son of a theologian and Sufi master deemed Baha od Din Walad (1148-1231), nicknamed "Sultan of Scholars" (Sultan al-'Ulama) Ma'arif whose book was long the favorite Rumi. Through his mother Mu'min Khatun, daughter of Rukn al-Din, Amir of Balkh, it belongs to the lineage of Ali , the fourth caliph of Islam.

In 1219, Rumi fled with his family before the arrival of the Mongols in 1220 - 1222 in Central Asia. It accomplishes the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca , then traveled to Nishapur , where he met Farid od Din 'Attar who offers him his Book of Secrets. The family moved in Arzanjn in Armenia , then lrande (current Karaman ) near Konya , the capital of Seljuks of Rum Sultanate (former Roman territories, that is to say Byzantines in Anatolia ), where his nickname Rumi (Roman, Byzantine, Anatolian). Declining the invitation to stay at the palace of the Sultan, the father of Rumi asked to move to college, and was built in a very explicit.

In 1226, at the age of 19, Rumi married Gauher Khatum's daughter Hodja of Samarkand who gave him two son ( Sultan Walad and 'od Din Tchelebi Ala). Three years after their marriage, Gauher died in 1229. Her father then came to settle in Konya shortly before his death in 1231, and Rumi succeeded him at the age of 24.

Rumi married his second wife a widow Turkish Karra Khatun (? - 1292), who had a son, Shams al-Din Yahya. Rumi had another son and a daughter with her: Amir Muzaffar al-Din Muhammad Chelebi and Malika Khatun.

od Din Burhan Muhaqqiq Tirmidh

In 1227, a disciple of his father od Din Burhan Muhaqqiq Tirmidhi (? - 1240) joined him and became his spiritual teacher for nine years before he sends Rumi studied in Aleppo and Damascus where he met od Din Ibn ul Muhyi 'Arabi. Like Rumi's father, he was a member of the order Kubrawiyyah.

Rumi did not return in 1240 to Konya where he began to teach canon law.

Shams ed Din Tabrizi

When Shams ed Din Tabrizi (? - 1247) arrived in Konya on 29 November 1244 , he is a dervish wandering. He composed a book of Maqamat. There are several versions of his meeting with hagiographic Rumi. They can be summarized in a special moment where Shams appears as the spiritual master as expected Rumi. The latter is dedicated to teaching once his master and his life takes an important turn. He later devoted an entire book of ghazal to Shams: The Mystical Odes (Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz or Diwan-i Kabir).

After sixteen months together, Shams was forced to go to Damascus to escape the jealousy of Rumi's disciples. He returned some time later, but disappeared suddenly on 3 December 1247 , assassinated. A son was suspected of Rumi. Rumi himself traveled twice to Damascus in the hope of finding his master.

Inconsolable, Rumi then instituted the famous spiritual concert, the sama ' as a union with the divine liturgy led by emotion or the exhilaration of music and dance. He also ended up finding his master, not in the world but himself, when he realized there was no difference between outer and inner master.

od Din Salah Fardn Zarkb

Some time later, in 1249, Rumi met od Din Salah Fardn Zarkb (? - 1259), a disciple of artisan od Din Burhan Muhaqqiq Tirmidhi who fell at his feet during a meeting in Konya. He became the master of the followers of Rumi and remained friends with the master until his death in 1259, which gave rise to a sama '. His daughter Fatima Khatun was the wife of Rumi's son, Sultan Wahab. Again the disciples were jealous and death threats were uttered because of its simplicity. Rumi himself had to intervene, as he tells in the Book of Inside (Fihi-ma-Fihi).

Husam od Din Celeb

It was Husam od Din Chelebi (1225 -) who succeeded the title of master of the disciples. He was the instigator of writing great treatise of Rumi: The Masnavi. He wrote and recited the verses Rumi dictated so inspired. The first volume completed, the writing was interrupted by the death of the wife of Husam, who took the pen that two years later in 1265 until the end of the life of Rumi, in 1273.

He fell ill and knew that his hour had come. He was happy to find his creator and left the serene evening of Sunday, December 17, which is now the anniversary celebration of Shab-i Arus, a mystical marriage ceremony. All inhabitants of Konya , all faiths followed his funeral.

It is inside of her convent that Rumi was buried under a green dome called Qubba-i Hadra and built in 1274. It lies under a walnut coffin, a masterpiece of art Seljuk sculpted by Selimoglu Abdlvahid. This place has become an important pilgrimage center.

The order of the Mevlevi

The order of Sufi of the Mevlevi is particularly known for its sama ' , the spiritual concert, where we see the whirling dervishes perform mystical dances to the sound of the ney and tanbur , but also for his daily recitations Masnavi, the Mawlawi awrad- e Sharif.

It was founded on the death of Rumi by Husam od Din Sultan Valad and Chelebi. He persisted and gained some respect during the long reign of the Ottomans , but was banned by Ataturk , and then reinstated as quasi folk.

The works of Rumi

In addition to the 25,618 couplets of the Masnavi and 40,000 to the Diwan, Rumi composed around 3500 ghazals (odes), 2000 ruba'is ("quatrains"), 147 Maktubat letters, a treatise in prose (Fihi-ma- Fihi) and collections of sermons (Madjlis Sab'ah-e) and Interpretations of Dreams (Khbnma).

Intellectual Period

Period courteous

The impact of Rumi in the West

Translations of the works of Rumi and date are late for most of them the ^twentieth century. The influence of Rumi in the United States is considerable.

In France, it was Eva Vitray-Meyerovitch (1909-1999) who translated and commented on almost all of his works. She also contributed to better understanding of the Sufi , who represents the mystical and universal dimension of Islam.

Quotes from Rumi