Jacques Of Zebedee
Jacques of Zebedee or Jacques or the Greater St. Jacques is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. It is named " Jacques , son of Zebedee "in the New Testament.
Summary |
Son of Mary Salome and Zebedee, St. Jacques is called the Major: the epithet from him as an elder, for he is the elder brother of the apostle John , and both are nicknamed Boanerges, that is means "son of thunder" ( Mk 3. 17 ). This also helps distinguish it from the other apostle " Jacques, son of Alpheus. "
St. Jacques is one of the first disciples to follow Jesus, and is one of his closest. He participates with Peter and John, of important events: the Transfiguration and the agony of Jesus in the Mount of Olives. This same group is the only three apostles to follow him when he goes to resurrect the daughter of Jairus. Finally Jacques is listed among the witnesses for the third appearance of Jesus after his death, on the shores of Lake Tiberias (episode of the miraculous catch reported by St. John ).
Jacques is the only apostle whose death is reported in the New Testament: "He ( Herod ) did perish by the sword Jacques, brother of John. "(Acts, xii: 2)
It is celebrated on July 25
There are three characters named Jacques in the New Testament:
- Jacques son of Zebedee, brother of John, one of the Apostles.
- Jacques the Just , brother of the Lord
- Jacques, the son of Alpheus , one of the Apostles.
Added to the Jacques, editor of the Epistle of Jacques who according to contemporary exegesis is not one of those three (it could be an anonymous name with a loan). But to medieval Christianity and Santiago in particular, there was only one Jacques, apostle and writer of the Epistle.
Saint Jacques and Spain
According to Christian tradition, the tomb of St. Jacques is based in Galicia , in the town of Compostela , but historians believe that there is no evidence to suggest such an assertion.
Still, the tradition is traveling the relics of St. Jacques le Majeur in Spain where they were found to Compostela. According to accounts, St. Jacques left the Middle East to preach in the Iberian peninsula as well as heard the shores of Africa, Mauritania , Numidia , Carthage, and then returned to Jerusalem where he was beheaded. His companions carried him his relics in Galicia and the tomb was found a few hundred years later, in the ninth century by the hermit Pelayo (or Pelagius) who had a revelation in his sleep. Theodomir, bishop of Iria Flavia (now a rural parish near Padrn ) recognized this tomb as that of St. Jacques in the ninth century. King Alfonso II had built a church there. Pope Leo XIII made official recognition of the tomb of St. Jacques by the Church in 1884.
The apostle St. Jacques, to the confines of Earth in Isidore of Seville.
In De Ortu and Obitu Sanctorum Patrum, Isidore of Seville wrote: "Jacques, son of Zebedee and brother of John Santiago Matamoros
St. Jacques, reputed to be the most "fiery" the Apostles of Christ is often represented in Spain under the aspect of the bully, that is to say the killer of Moors. " His statue shows then mounted on a white horse, striking his sword warriors one or more Muslims.
This figure of St Jacques Matamore date of the Battle of Clavijo , who opposed in 844 the king of Asturias Ramiro I. to the Emir of Cordoba Abd al-Rahman II.
The story goes that at the height of the melee, a horseman appeared riding a white horse, carrying a white flag struck by a red cross of his sword literally split the Moors it was on its way. Still according to this story, the fiery appearance gave the advantage to the combatants Christians who recognized it in St. Jacques.
We see in this episode the legendary origin of the famous battle cry "Santiago cierra Espaa! "Spanish equivalent of" Montjoie Saint Denis! "French or" Prny, Prny Lorrain ...
St. Jacques was to be throughout the Reconquista symbol and patron saint of the struggle against the infidel. An order of warrior monks, the Knights of Santiago, was even named after him.
The statue of Saint Jacques Matamore has recently been a controversy about a possible withdrawal of the nave of the Cathedral of St. Jacques de Compostela and a transfer to adjacent museum. The Cultural Committee of the sanctuary was to avoid "risking offending the sensibilities of other religious groups."
The term bullies, whose root is matamoros Spanish, is sometimes regarded by some as the bearer of racism. Indeed, during the reconquista , the act of disposal of the Moors ( North African ) was greatly enhanced, and subsequently, the theater, including Spanish, the character was involved in the devaluation of the Maghreb. These sentiments were reciprocal and occur at all times during the wars (for example, in France, there were popular songs openly Germanophobe during the Belle Epoque ).
Representations and Symbols
The apostle is often represented in three ways:
- in majesty, seated figure is vested in the holy throne on the altar of the Cathedral of St. Jacques de Compostela ;
- pilgrim, standing: from the thirteenth century , under the influence of the pilgrimage to Santiago, he wears the traditional dress of backgammon , with the drone (pilgrim's staff), the wallet, the calabash (gourd), the mantle ( cloak) and felt hats with wide brims decorated with a scallop-Jacques. However, if this representation includes a dog, it is not St. Jacques but St. Roch.
- a killer of Moors, armed with a sword on a white horse.
Symbols that represent it, which can easily be seen on the paintings and sculptures
- the shell-Jacques
Bibliography
- BEYLOT, Robert - Peres, Jacques-Noel - Piovanelli, Pierluigi, "Preaching Jacques son of Zebedee" and "Martyrdom of Jacques son of Zebedee," in GEOLTRAIN, Pierre - Kaestli, Jean-Daniel (eds), Christian apocrypha Writings II (Bibliothque de la Pliade 516), Gallimard, Paris, 2005
Bibliography related to St Jacques de Compostela:
- Denise Pricard-Meah , Compostela and cults of St. Jacques in the Middle Ages, PUF, Paris, 2002 (ISBN 9-782130-5108-26)
- Bernard Gicquel, The Legend of Compostela, The Book of Jacques, Tallandier, Paris, 2003 (ISBN 9-782847-3402-97)
- Denise Pricard-Mea, A brief history of the pilgrimage of Saint Jacques de Compostela, Gavaudun, PUF, 2003 (ISBN 9-782910-6853-31)
- Denise Pricard-Meah, Roads to Santiago, Gisserot, Paris, 2002 (reprint 2006) (ISBN 9 782877 476720)
- Louis and Denise Pricard Mollaret-Meah, Dictionary of St. Jacques and Compostela Gisserot, Paris, 2006 (ISBN 9-782877-4788-47)
- Father George Berson, with St. Jacques at Compostela ( ISBN 2-220-05603-1 )
- Ferdinand Soler Guide the Way of St Jacques de Compostela ( ISBN 2-84454-334-0 )
Notes
Related articles
External Links
- Knowing St. Jacques and a multiple
- Les Chemins de St Jacques on the website of the Cultural Center of the Country of Orthe
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