Immaculate Conception
The Immaculate Conception of Mary, Christian holiday since the Middle Ages , is a dogma of the Catholic Church , defined the 8 December 1854 by Pope Pius IX in the bubble .
Summary |
The doctrine means that Mary , mother of Jesus Christ , was conceived free of original sin that the sanctity of body and soul of Mary was the prerequisite for receiving the Annunciation made by the archangel Gabriel. This dogma is not brand new in the Western Patristic.
The Immaculate Conception is celebrated on December 8 , when "supposed" to the conception of Mary, since 1477 , by decision of Pope Sixtus IV. The festival has been confirmed by Clement XI in 1708. It is the origin of the Feast of Lights , celebrated annually in Lyon on December 8.
The term "blemish" means pure and undefiled.
History
Protoevangelium of Jacques
The Immaculate Conception is not mentioned in any text considered canonical by the Christian churches. An indirect source of this belief lies in the Protoevangelium of Jacques , text apocryphal dated to the mid- second century : Anne and Joachim, parents of the Virgin, can have a child. But an angel appeared to them both, telling them a miraculous birth. However, this gospel does not argue that Mary was free from original sin. Nine months later, Mary was born. Although non-canonical apocryphal exert the greatest influence on the popular faith.
Byzantine Feast
It's party Byzantine Conception of the Blessed Mother of God, Joachim and Anne ( December 9 ) that is causing the development of a devotion and a new belief in the West. The celebration of this festival is not attested before the eighth century and therefore after the feast of the Nativity of Mary on September 8 , which is attested in earlier times.
It is already known and commented upon by the English Benedictines in the tenth century. This festival is mainly introduced in the West during the Crusades , and is emerging at the Abbey of Bec in England and then to Lyon from the twelfth century.
But this introduction is done without the text nor the comments of the Byzantine tradition. And devotion in the West is rapidly taking a color and meaning are quite different to the origin of the devotion and the cult of the Immaculate Conception in the Western Church and a further divergence between the two churches since Eastern Church rejected this dogma.
Medieval Theology
This new party does not, however, unanimity in the West as well as to some extent St. Thomas Aquinas a century later, St. Bernard of Clairvaux yet famous for his devotion to Mary is opposed in 1146 Council of Trent and the Baroque period Belief in the Immaculate Conception is reaffirmed by the Council of Trent , and artistic performances to multiply the seventeenth century , notably in Spain. The Virgin Mary appears on a crescent moon, draped in a cloak floating in the sky, surrounded by a multitude of cherubs. Sometimes it tramples on a snake that symbolizes the devil. If the Virgin Mary was proclaimed patron saint of France primarily by Pius XI in 1922, after including the Vow of Louis XIII it was under the patronage of Our Lady of the Assumption, celebrated on August 15 and not that of the Immaculate Conception. Portugal is under the patronage of the Virgin Mary since the Middle Ages. On 1 December 1640 , after 60 years of union with Spain, the Portuguese regain their independence. Six years later, the new King Joo IV ( John IV of Portugal ) places the country under the protection of the Immaculate Conception: the church of Vila Viosa where the family palace, he filed the royal crown on Our Lady of the Conception (Nossa Senhora da Conceio) which was proclaimed Queen and Patroness of Portugal. Thereafter, the kings of Portugal will not ever be the crown on their head. Even today, the December 8 is Portugal where the holiday celebrating the Catholic Portuguese who is queen, patron and protector of their country. Corsican insurgents in 1735 , which came to secede from the Republic of Genoa , placed their young nation under the protection of the Immaculate Conception. The national anthem of Corsica , Diu vi Salvi Regina is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. On December 8 is considered the national holiday of Corsica . In 1846 , the sixth council of provincial Baltimore proclaims "Blessed Virgin Mary conceived without sin" patroness of the United States of America . During the apparitions of the Rue du Bac in Paris to Catherine Laboure in 1830 , the Virgin appeared as "conceived without sin." The popularity of the Miraculous Medal which was struck after these appearances popularized belief in the immaculate conception of Mary and the invocation "O Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to you. " Marie Auguste Dominique Sibour archbishop of Paris, while opposing the promulgation of the dogma, submits to the overwhelming majority of his colleagues who throws them the support and even prohibits a priest from his diocese Jean-Louis Verger who s it is opposed vehemently. The latter, reduced to misery, stabbed the archbishop January 15, 1857, shouting "point of goddess!", Clearly referring to the dogma of 1854. He was sentenced to death and executed on 30 January. Bernadette Soubirous said that on 25 March 1858 , four years after the promulgation of the dogma which she was unaware, the lady who has appeared and presented itself, in Gascony, in the grotto of Massabielle ( at Lourdes ): Que soy era Immaculada councepciou ("I am the Immaculate Conception"). Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Mary, the Immaculate Heart of Mary (rfrece in the Immaculate Conception), is a devotion that has flourished in the seventeenth century and was popularized by Norman St. John Eudes. It allows you to contemplate the Heart of Mary united to that of his Son. Pius VII gave a feast of Immaculate Heart of Mary in some churches on Sunday in the Octave of the Assumption , and Pius IX did the same. The devotion of communion on the first Saturday of the month and the recitation of the rosary in his honor has existed since the early twentieth century, in the context of devotion to the Virgin of Fatima. The Feast of the Sacred Heart of Mary is now fixed since 1996 on Saturday after the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Following a consultation of the world episcopate, which was very largely in favor of such a definition (546 for and 57 against) Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in the bull Ineffabilis Deus (December 8, 1854). If one follows the analysis of Langlois in "Read the Syllabus "(Problems of History of Religions in September-1998, ULB, Brussels), it is necessary to replace the promulgation of this doctrine in the context of the texts of papal the same time: At first glance, the proclamation of a Marian dogma in the middle of a series on "modern errors" and the misfortunes of the time, especially the rise of rationalism (and its attendant in-ism: materialism , positivism , atheism ) does not present an obvious consistency in the series, as in the context of the Modernist crisis and the fight against the Vatican liberal Catholicism. However, Claude Langlois insists that the encyclical deals with the original sin which only Mary , the mother of Christ, would be exempt from its inception. It is therefore stigmatized by all the currents that claim to the autonomous exercise of reason, it has become fallible by a corruption of the human spirit to the consequent lack of pride original (the ' original sin ' ). In this perspective, the encyclical is consistent with the series. Differences on the nature of grace partly explain the doctrinal divisions. The Protestants adopt a radical form of Augustinian while Orthodox follow the opposite path. Catholics retort to this objection being freed from original sin does not remove free will. by Kupelwieser by Carlo Maratta in 1689 Altar church Toru by Bartolome Esteban Murillo in in 1660 - 1665 The Immaculate Conception in painting Arsene Heitz , the designer of the flag of Europe , later claimed the flag as being actually an allusion to the Virgin Mary, as it had appeared to Catherine Laboure , even if that meaning was not discussed openly before the adoption of the draft . Coincidentally, the adoption took place on a December 8 , the day of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. This information is relayed by Daniele Sallenave in his book dieu.com (Gallimard, 2004), involving the resistant Paul G. Levy, who converted to Catholicism after the Second World War. 
Mistress of France, Portugal, Corsica and the United States
Rue du Bac
Assassination of Archbishop of Paris
Lourdes
Sacred Heart of Mary
Playing politics
Views of other Christian denominations
Churches with the name of the Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception in art
The Immaculate Conception and the flag of Europe
Bibliography
Notes
Loading ...