Human All Too Human

Human, all too human (or is a work of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche , published for the first volume in 1878. A second volume was published subsequently, Meinungen und Sprche Vermischtes together (mixed opinions and judgments) and Der Wanderer und sein Schatten (The Wanderer and His Shadow). The book is dedicated to Voltaire.

Genesis of the work

This book marks a break in the life of Nietzsche. Seriously affected his health, and while he believes in the article of death he was planning to write a book entitled Soc. Almost blind and suffering crises of paralysis, he was helped by Paul Re (which he feels so close intellectually) in writing the book.

His mindset was, according to his family, a cynical frightening cynicism that his sister blamed her physical condition. Nietzsche believed instead that the psychological pain he endured had given him greater insight on the most important problems of philosophy , and it had issued its final Wagnerian wanderings.

A schematic of the genesis of the Wanderer and his Shadow (with images of different manuscripts) can be found at HyperNietzsche ( see ).

Draft chemistry ideas and feelings

The first aphorism of the book listing the subject matter that gives an explanation of the title: the philosophy historical review leads to the claims of human values, human too.

This philosophy stems from a historical reassessment of the philosophical problems made possible by the refutation of metaphysics. Indeed, metaphysics explains the origin and nature of all moral concepts, religious, philosophical, artistic, and introducing a time division feature that gives them a supernatural value. For example, the truth , the reason , the beautiful , etc.. will have a supernatural origin: they are not generated, ie it is eternal values as opposed to ephemeral and vain to error, passions , etc..

Any metaphysical explanation is ruled out by Nietzsche, the question arises as to how we can further explain these concepts , these feelings , etc.. For example, if the truth is not eternal, what relationship did with the error? The truth of this view, could be a variety of error. What is excluded here, these are the explanations that oppose metaphysical nature of concepts or psychological behavior: for Nietzsche, everything is really nuances, gradations, there is no opposition. In general, we must understand how certain realities are born from each other, truth from error, the altruism of selfishness , etc., what Nietzsche called chemistry of our feelings and our performances.

For Nietzsche, this means to the history of these realities, and make a comparable analysis to chemical analysis. This demonstrates in particular the importance of psychology to understand the genesis of human values (eg, later, in Beyond Good and Evil , Part One, a psychology of Nietzsche will philosophers ). It sets well in the first aphorism that a method should be freed from the metaphysical perspective:

• scrupulous compliance with legal and fine;
• the art of nuance: a reality of degrees;
• the need to formulate a theory of sublimation of instincts in explaining the nature of all human values.

Response to the

Nietzsche's relatives did not approve of this book, dismissing it ( Wagner , Cosima), or remain perplexed by the "cold sterile" analysis ( Erwin Rohde ). Wagner, whom Nietzsche had sent the book, made no reply, and later published an article taking Nietzsche in part, without naming him. Cosima Wagner suspected corruption by the "Jewish spirit" that she attributed to Paul Re. This charge will be found later, about Nietzsche's last works, written by some anti-Semitic.

Around the work

Nietzsche, in almost all his works, made numerous references to his family, hints that the modern reader can not immediately perceive. In one of his books of memories, Elisabeth Nietzsche says she was beaten during his first meeting with the couple Wagner, by the size difference between Richard and Cosima Wagner was indeed quite small, and rather large Cosima. However, an aphorism from Human, All Too Human comparing women to men famous for lightning rods. Cosima took the hint, which put her in a rage, and she expressed her anger against the humor she considered very bad taste, in a letter to Elizabeth.

Bibliography

• Nietzsche. Philosophy of mind. Studies on the genesis of things human, too human, edited by Paolo D'Iorio and Olivier Ponton, Editions Rue d'Ulm , Paris, 2004.

Internal Links

• Free spirit

External Links

• (De) reads ed. Colli / Montinari published by Nietzsche Source

• Philosophy portal

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