History Of Bahrain
The island of Bahrain ( Arabic : ), located in the Persian Gulf , was once part of the ancient civilization of Dilmun and served as an important link in trade routes between Sumeria and the Indus Valley , there are more of 5000 years. Its capital is Manama.
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Prehistory and ancient history
Bahrain has been inhabited for thousands of years and was considered, there are nearly 5000 years, as the Garden of Eden, filled with fresh water in abundance and with lush vegetation. Its strategic location in the heart of the Persian Gulf placed in the center of trade in antiquity and Bahrain has been influenced by its neighbors, the Assyrians, Babylonians, Sumerians, Greeks, Persians ... We have found the largest necropolis of the ancient world with nearly 170,000 graves. struggles between the Ottomans and Portuguese Due to its strategic position in the middle of the Persian Gulf , the island is the subject of bitter struggles between the Ottomans and the Portuguese in the mid- sixteenth century. The first settled in Basra at the entrance to the Persian Gulf since 1546 and in Qatif in the province of Al-Hasa , near Bahrain. The Portuguese have about them a fortress on the island of Hormuz allowing them to control trade flows from the Persian Gulf. The dynasty of Bahrain is the suzerain of Hormuz, the European power has an indirect control on the island . In July 1559 , the Ottoman governor of Al-Hasa is launching a campaign to take the island from the port of Qatif. This is a personal initiative made without the consent of Istanbul. He set sail for Bahrain 73 vessels, mostly cargo ships, loaded with 800 men . July 2, troops begin the siege of Manama. The ruler of the island, an Arab named Murad Shah defended the city with a garrison of 400 soldiers, mostly Persians. Alerted to the Ottoman invasion, the Portuguese commander of Hormuz is for reinforcements from Bahrain, including ships to patrol the area . The invaders eventually run out of food and ammunition because of their inability to hold a supply from the coast. They therefore choose to lift the siege and take refuge in a grove . The warring parties eventually negotiated an agreement, the Ottomans agreed to pull back, leaving arms and horses to the opposing forces and agreeing to pay compensation in the milion of akce , dependent for Bahrainis to organize their return to the continent . Since the late eighteenth century , Bahrain has been ruled by the Al Khalifa family , which has maintained close ties with the United Kingdom by signing a treaty of peace and protection in 1820 and renewed several times since. The agreement stipulates that the mentor has a say on foreign policy in the emirate and has obligation to help in case of aggression. After the Second World War , Bahrain became the regional center for the Persian Gulf British operations. When Britain announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in March 1971, he dropped out of Bahrain. Integration alliance of Bahrain United Arab Emirates and became independent on 15 August 1971. According to the Constitution of 1971, Bahrain elected its first parliament in 1973, but only two years later it was dissolved by the emir since he opposed a law introduced by the Emir that could be arrested and imprisoned for three years any person who violates the security of the state. There were demonstrations in December 1994 with the troubles that led to the first ministerial change, then the emir increased the number of members of the Advisory Board of 30-40 for suggestions on legislation. Became emir following the death of his father in 1999, Sheikh Hamad bin Issa al-Khalifa took the title king in 2002 and established a constitutional monarchy. In 2011, Bahrain has taken in the revolts of Arab Spring , causing dozens of deaths , the destruction of a monument symbolic protest Square Pearl in Manama , and armed intervention of the Cooperation Council Gulf resulting in a violent crackdown. The small size of Bahrain and its central location among Persian Gulf countries led him to play a delicate balancing act among its powerful neighbors. With few oil reserves, he had to equip themselves with refineries, a banking center and tourist facilities to diversify its resources. Reign of al-Khalifa
geopolitical and economic situation
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