Histoire Des Juifs En Galicie
The Jews of Galicia (galitzianer or Jews) Jews are Ashkenazi from Galicia , a region that now extends from the Ukraine West (the present provinces of Lviv , Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil ) to the southeast Poland ( voivodship of Podkarpackie and Maopolska ). Galicia itself, which was populated by Ukrainians, Poles, Germans and Jews, was, since 1772, a royal province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , whose capital was Lemberg, German name of the current Lviv. Previously, it belonged to Poland.
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Galician Jews spoke mostly Yiddish. However, according to the census of 1900 , which did not indicate the Yiddish as a language, Galician Jews say speak Polish (76%), the German (17%) and Ukraine (5%).
All estimates lead to the conclusion that Jews were the third largest ethnic group behind the Poles and Ukrainians, representing at least 10 percent of the population of Galicia. Academician Ukrainian Serhiy Yefremov (1876-1939?) has written: "the Jews as we know, maintain closer links with the Ukrainians, they are not even neighbors like most other peoples, but members of the same people on the same land of Ukraine. "
Most Jews lived poorly in Galicia, working mainly in small workshops and small businesses as artisans - including tailors, carpenters, hatters, jewelers and opticians. Nearly 80 percent of tailors in Galicia were Jewish. The main occupation of Jews in cities and towns was trade: wholesale and retail stationery. However, the importance given to studies by the Jews allowed them to overturn the social barriers: the Jews occupying intellectual professions were much more numerous than the Poles or the Ukrainians of Galicia. Among the 1,700 physicians in Galicia, 1150 were Jewish, 41 percent of workers of culture, theater and cinema, 43 percent of dentists, 45 percent of nurses were Jewish and there were 2,200 Jewish lawyers cons Ukrainian 450 lawyers. Four winners of the Nobel Prize are Jews of Galicia: Isidor Isaac Rabi (Physics), Roald Hoffmann (Chemistry), Georges Charpak (physics) and Samuel Agnon (Literature).
After the First World War, Galicia serves battlefield Ukrainian and Polish forces. During this conflict, the Galician Jews are generally neutral even if a Jewish battalion of 1200 men served in the Ukrainian Galician Army and if the Jews are allocated 10 percent of parliamentary seats in the People's Republic of Ukraine West , in proportion to their number Culture To popular sentiment, Galitzianers Jews were considered more emotional and more willing to please than their rivals, the Lithuanian Jews (Litvak), who were uneducated and irrational. The Galitzianers despised them, Litvak. The reason is that Hasidism was most influential in Ukraine and southern Poland when he was dismissed by the Lithuanian Jews. Even the group of Hasidim, who was born in Lithuania, the Lubavitchers , is more intellectual than other Hasidic groups. The two groups differed in their accents Yiddish and even the art of the kitchen , separated by the line of Gefilte Fisch : Galitzianers like the food very soft to the point of putting sugar in their fish. This article is largely the result of translation or adaptation of the article History of the Jews in Galicia (Central Europe) from the English. See also
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