Henry St. John Bolingbroke
Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke Biography After leading a dissipated youth, he entered business, and it soon showed superiority they had not suspected. Appointed in 1700 , Member of the House of Commons , he declared for the Tories , though his family was Whig. He drew the attention of King William III of England and the Queen Anne Stuart , and was appointed Secretary of State 1704. Overthrown in 1708 , he returned to power two years later was appointed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and concluded the Treaty of Utrecht signed on 31 March 1713. During his favor, he was created a peer with the title of Earl of Bolingbroke. On the death of Queen Anne ( 1714 ), he lost all his credit and was even banned by parliament and stripped of all his possessions. He fled to France , and offered his services to the pretender Jacques Francis Edward Stuart , but soon this unhappy prince, he broke away and sought with the new King George I he returned to England , he could not get that 'in 1723. He first lived in the countryside, foreign affairs, but in 1725 he reappeared on the scene, and for 10 years, it was written by his most formidable antagonist Department Robert Walpole. Finally despairing of the success of his efforts, he retired again in France ( 1735 ), to spend the rest of his life, but unable to fix, he returned from 1738 to England where he died before he could regain power. He married a second wife a French woman, the Marquise de Villette , niece of Madame de Maintenon. He wrote in his retirement a number of books: In recent writings he shows himself a deist and openly attack the revelation that he was in the precursor of Voltaire , who once more took its name. Bolingbroke's writings have been gathered in London , by Mallet, 1754 , 5 volumes in-4, and reprinted in 1809 , 8 volumes in-8. Several have been translated into French, including the Letters on history by Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg , 1752. Bolingbroke was associated with the greatest writers of his time, Matthew Prior , Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope : He gave the latter the subject and the background of the Essay on Man, which is his masterpiece work. He was also in correspondence with the famous Tencin Claudine , his intimate friend. Notes
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