Henry Ii Of France
| Henry II | ||
| King of France | ||
 | ||
Henry II, Workshop of Franois Clouet | ||
| Reign | ||
| 31 March 1547 - 10 July 1559 &&&&&&&&&&& 04,484 12 years, 3 months and 9 days | ||
| Rite | 25 July 1547 in the Cathedral of Reims | |
|---|---|---|
| Dynasty | Valois Angouleme | |
| Full track | King of France ( 1547 - 1 559 ) Dauphin and Duke of Brittany ( 1536 - 1 559 ) | |
| Predecessor | Francis I | |
| Successor | Francis II | |
| Heir | Francis II  | |
| Other functions | ||
| Duke of Brittany | ||
| Period 1536 - 1559 | ||
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| Predecessor | Francis III | |
| Successor | Royal Domain | |
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| Biography | ||
| Birth name | Henri de France | |
| Birth | 31 March 1519 | |
Saint-Germain-en-Laye ,  Kingdom of France | ||
| Deaths | 10 July 1559 (40 years) | |
| Paris , Kingdom of France | ||
| Father | Francis I | |
| Mother | Claude de France | |
| Spouse (s) | Catherine de Medici | |
| Descent | Francis II ( 1544 - one thousand five hundred sixty ) Elizabeth ( one thousand five hundred forty-five - in 1568 ) Claude ( 1547 - 1575 ) Louis ( 1,549 - in 1550 ) Charles IX ( 1 550 - one thousand five hundred and seventy-four ) Henry III ( 1,551 - 1,589 ) Daisy ( one thousand five hundred and fifty-three - in 1615 ) Francis ( 1555 - in 1584 ) Victory Jeanne Illegitimate children Diane ( 1 538 - 1619 ) Henri d'Angoulme ( 1,551 - in 1586 ) Henri de Saint-Rmi ( 1,557 - 1 621 ) | |
| Residence (s) | Chateau de Blois , of Fontainebleau , of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Madrid | |
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| Kings of France | ||
Henry II (born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye , on 31 March 1519 and died on 10 July 1559 in Paris ) was King of France from 1547 until his death. Second son of Francis I and Claude de France , he became heir to the throne after the death of his elder brother in 1536. He received the titles of Dauphin and Duke of Brittany.
Crowned King of France on 26 July 1547 Youth As the second son of King of France, Henry was given the title of Duke of Orleans from birth. It owes its name to its sponsor Henry VIII of England . Under the Treaty of Madrid between Francis I and Charles V, Henry remains hostage in Spain from 1526 to 1530 , with his elder brother Francis , Dauphin and Duke of Brittany. This harsh captivity has serious consequences on his childhood and he warned of the psychological sequelae, including becoming a hypochondriac. John Capello, Ambassador of Venice to the court of France, describes it thus: "... the tall and well built, nice figure and nice, a little brown complexion ... . For its part, Joachim du Bellay says, in his Tumbeau of King Henry II, that "his face estoit Doulx, Mesle of gravity." Unlike his father, Francis I , Henry II is a rather taciturn nature. According to the Venetian Dandolo, he rarely laughs, "so that many of those who provide the court he had never seen him laugh just once." He married 28 October 1533 Catherine de Medici , daughter of Lorenzo II de 'Medici , sole heir of his property and niece of Leo X , but his heart remains devoted to his tutor and confidant since the age of 15 years Diane de Poitiers (with it seems that n'entretenir adultery after 1538 only). He succeeded his brother Francis, who died in 1536 as Dauphin and Duke of Brittany, without ruling the duchy of which his father keeps the usufruct. Having cut his teeth in Picardy , Henri joined the French forces in Piedmont to order the forefront, taking part in Moncalieri ( 23 October 1537 ), where he met Philippa Duci for a brief affair with her first child is born , Diane de France. This reassures the birth dolphin on its ability to ensure its progeny despite the lack of inheritance 4 years after her marriage. On 9 February 1540 , Henry was invested with the enjoyment of his duchy, "for her entertained," the king retaining control over the affairs of the Dauphin and the duchy. Henry really has no room for political maneuver, his authority is limited to the appointment of his courtiers and friends of the charges and land. Thus he gave to his mistress Diane de Poitiers, the former ducal lands Rhuys and ferns. In August 1542 , he commanded the army of Roussillon in the fourth campaign of his father and his German and Turkish allies against Charles V. and participated in the siege of Perpignan. In fall 1544, he rejects the English in Calais , lift the siege of Montreuil-sur-Mer , and fails to resume shortly Boulogne-sur-Mer , finally bought in 1547. During the last years of the reign of Francis I, two rival factions at the court of France: one led by the king's advisers, the Admiral of France to Annebaut and the Cardinal de Tournon , the second consisting of the support of the Dolphin Henry, about Diane de Poitiers and the constable Anne de Montmorency. The year 1547 , with the disappearance of Francis I and the accession of Henry II saw a complete turnover of staff in the Court and counsel of the sovereign. The former ruling faction is hunted mercilessly and some senior political leaders are imprisoned and persecuted by the royal court. The seats in the royal council and honorary offices of the court are redistributed to close the new king next to Anne de Montmorency , there are now Jacques d'Albon de Saint-Andre is marshal and first gentleman of the House Lorraine and princes, the brothers Franois future Duke of Guise , and Charles , Cardinal of Guise , future Cardinal of Lorraine. The new king, at age 28, wants to mark a break with the lifestyle of his predecessor and current austerity breath momentarily on the royal court. The number of maids of honor is reduced and access to the royal person, and narrow. Henry II surrounded himself with new advisors. Continuing the administrative policy of his father, Henry II reform certain institutions that contribute to making France a powerful state to centralized power. Henry II ordered and in 1557 a unique type of weights and measures is now applied to all the suburbs of Paris, then in a second time at a resort in the parliament of Paris, with a standard deposit to ' City Hall. From the beginning of his reign, he established a real ministerial system, generalizing the government of his father. In 1547, the administration is overseen by four secretaries of state, chosen in the company of notaries, secretaries of the king. They are responsible for the commandments of the king and most particularly the dispatch of business finance. Originally charged with a topographical area of the kingdom, they take 1557 as Secretary of State and Finance of the king. The records of the Royal Treasury are entrusted to the Comptroller General. Henry II also pursuing the unification of the judicial system with the creation (by order of January 1551 ), the presidiaux , intermediate courts between parliaments and the courts below. These presidiaux consist of 9 judges each and are located at the headquarters of bailiwicks ( senechaussees ). In 1553 , a royal ordinance provides that the masters of requests annually visit the provinces. The year 1555 saw the institution of the Grand Parti de Lyon , a giant lifted borrowing from bankers in the city of Lyon (principal financial center of the kingdom of France) that long-term refinancing all existing royal debts. The innovative nature of this loan does not prevent the military and political circumstances to do so ended in failure causing the call of the king of the Estates General of Paris in January 1558 to get the vote of a contribution. Like his predecessor, Henry II is facing significant financial needs and follows the example of Francis I by using the increase in existing taxes (attempts to standardize the salt tax, creation of the Battalion and application of new flood size , development of import taxes ). The same causes produce similar effects, Henry II faced, as Francis I to La Rochelle in 1542 , a peasant revolt, the peasants' revolt of Pitaud , which contaminates the cities, including Bordeaux. Henry II says repression in Constable Anne de Montmorency. The reaction of Montmorency is brutal: the city lost its privileges, is disarmed, shall pay a fine of 200,000 pounds , saw his parliament suspended. 140 people are sentenced to death. Punishment then extends into the surrounding countryside where you hang the ringleaders. In 1549, Henry II amnesty city. Like her father, it also ensures better tax collection, and orders (edict of January 1551) the meeting of four treasurers of France and the four generals of finance in the same body of treasurers, including strength is increased to 17. After the administrative and fiscal reforms undertaken by successive Francis I and Henry II, the bulk of state resources now comes from aid. From 1548 , Henry II underwent its first conflict as king of France. He faces the King of England Edward VI , who takes offense at the reception at the court of France of Mary Stuart , Queen of Scots, who is to marry the dauphin Francis. The young Queen of Scots is forced to flee to France to escape the British troops who intend to marry Mary to Edward VI. The Scots, defeated at Pinkie Cleugh, are playing the old alliance with France, the Auld Alliance and Henry II agreed to host the young queen at the court of France. In addition, Mary Stuart, daughter of Mary of Guise , is the niece of Lorraine, whose influence on Henry II helped arrange the marriage. In 1550 , the armies of Henry II, under the command of Franois de Guise and Leone Strozzi , besieged and recaptured Boulogne-sur-Mer that the British have occupied since 1544. Later, in 1558 , troops of the Duke of Guise take over the town of Calais , last English possession in French territory. The relationship of Henry II with the Habsburgs are in continuity with those of his predecessor. From 1551 , Henry II listening reformed prince of Germany, whom he had known when he was a dolphin. In January 1552 , he receives a href = "% C3% Ch A2teau_de_Chambord" alt = "Chteau de Chambord"> Chambord Margrave Albert of Brandenburg , which suggests to occupy Cambrai , Verdun , Toul and Metz ( these last three cities forming the Three Dioceses ), quoted in French empire and benefiting traditionally a measure of autonomy. Henry II will take the title of Vicar of the Empire. The Treaty of Chambord was signed on 15 January 1552 , sealing the alliance with Henry II reformed princes against Charles V.. In March 1552 , the French army is massed at Joinville under the command of Constable de Montmorency and the Duke of Guise. Cambrai, Verdun and Toul open their doors without resistance, the 18 April 1552 , between Henry II in Metz. In October 1552, by order of Charles V, Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo , Duke of Alba puts the seat in front of Metz , which remains a small garrison under the command of Franois de Guise. The siege lasted four months and, despite the deployment of large imperial forces (35,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry and 150 cannons), is doomed to failure. For Italy as in other areas, Henri II attempts to include in the footsteps of his father. Beyond the motivations of his Italian predecessors, we must remember that Catherine de Medici court has a very Italianised and the Guises are allied to the family of Este : Francois married Anne d'Este , daughter of the Duke of Ferrara. In 1545 , Pope Paul III gave the duchy of Parma and Piacenza for his son Pierre Louis Farnese. After the assassination of the latter, the duchy to Ottavio Farnese , but still coveted by Ferrand Gonzaga, viceroy of Milan. Henry II agreed to intervene in support of the Farnese especially as Julius III , elected new pope, clearly leans towards the Empire. The royal troops, commanded by the Marshals de Brissac and Thermes , confront the imperial army increased quotas pontifical. In April 1552 , the first truce was negotiated by Cardinal Franois de Tournon. The latter, ambassador of Henry II in Italy from 1551 to 1556 , is more inclined to diplomacy than war and works to derail a proposed expedition against Naples. He succeeded in putting the city of Siena , who evacuated his Spanish garrison, under the protection of the kingdom of France. 8 and 9 October 1553 , an expedition of Marshal de Thermes, who has enlisted the support of the Turkish fleet, removes Corsica to Genoa. In 1554 , Siena seeks to do battle with Florence. The royal army, commanded by Pierre Strozzi , was defeated on August 3 in Marciano della Chiana by the army of Florence, Siena is under siege. Defended by Monluc , the city fell on April 17 1555 and came under Florentine control. On 16 January 1556 , Charles V abdicated in favor of his son Philip II , but retains the imperial crown he sends to his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Empire and then retired to the monastery of Yuste. For his part, King of France gradually loses its supports: the Reformed German princes signed the Peace of Augsburg giving them the freedom of religion and the Turks appear to be less active in the western Mediterranean. The new king of Spain and France sign thus a truce at the Abbey Vaucelles. The truce is meant to last 5 years and recognizes France's territorial conquests of the Piedmont and Three-bishoprics. This agreement nevertheless suffers from one major flaw: as the Peace of Augsburg, he has not been approved by the pope. Paul IV , elected pope in 1555 , is animated by a fierce hatred toward the emperor: "For a thousand years, he was not born a man so bad as him." It multiplies the provocations against Philip II sends his nephew Cardinal Carlo Caraffa as legate to the court of France in 1556. The latter returned with a promise of intervention of Henry II. In November 1556 , the Duke of Guise, crowned with glory Metz , joined the Marshal de Brissac in Piedmont, with the avowed aim of removing the Spanish Naples. The maneuvers of Philip II and his English allies and Savoy to the north of France to recover quickly because this plan and Franois de Guise was forced to rush back to France after the French defeat at San Quentin. This last attempt failed marks the end of French ambitions in Italy, formalized by the Treaty of Le Cateau by which Henry II restores all French possessions in the country, including Corsica. Philip II married in 1554 with Mary Tudor , an alliance that allows him to enjoy the sea power of England. It also has the Netherlands with an army of 60,000 men under the command of Duke Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy. The benefit of allies from the army of the Duke of Guise for Italy to launch the offensive to Paris, through the Artois. The French army, commanded by the Constable Anne de Montmorency suffers a terrible defeat at St. Quentin on 10 August 1557 , with over 3000 dead and thousands of prisoners whose own Constable, the Admiral de Coligny and Marshal Saint-Andre . The British expelled from French soil and the Imperials pushed beyond the Moselle , the balance is almost restored. The two kingdoms have not really afford to continue the war, especially as Philip II, widower of Mary Tudor since November 17, 1558, can no longer rely on the resources of England. Both countries are therefore suitable for a peace treaty signed on 3 April 1559 in Le Cateau-Cambrai. Henry II restored to Philip all his possessions including the Italian Piedmont , the Savoy and the Bresse , yet occupied for 30 years, and the Corsica , but retains the three bishoprics of Metz , Toul and Verdun as well as five fortresses in Piedmont for three years. Peace is punishable by two marriages: For its part, the new queen of England, Elizabeth I , must ensure his throne after a succession delicate and is not able to compete in the city of Calais to the King of France. For the first treaty of Le Cateau , signed on 12 March and 2 April 1559, it allows the French to keep the city against an allowance of 500,000 crowns. During the reign of Henry II, the Protestant Reformation continues to grow. Under the influence of Diane de Poitiers , the king, a devout Catholic, decided to take severe measures against the new religion. From the 8 October 1547 , a fiery chamber is incorporated in the Parliament of Paris , charged with hearing the trial of heresy, headed the inquisitor Matthew Ory. In three years, she makes over 500 stops against the Protestants, and is the cause of a violent crackdown against them between 1547 and 1549. On 19 November 1549 , the Edict of Paris makes some of their power to the ecclesiastical judges. On 21 June 1551 , the Edict of Chateaubriand gives judges the causes of the secular "heretics" who caused disturbances and coordinate repression. Only Catholics are allowed to open schools. It was completed on 24 July 1557 of the Edict of Compiegne , which reinforces the repression, including helping with the Catholic or Protestant house. In 1551, in the context of war and the affairs of Italy, a violent conflict between Henry II to Pope Julius III. On July 27, 1551, Pope launches the anathema against the king. In response, Henry II broke all relations with the papacy and the idea of a schism was mentioned but quickly dismissed. Henry II chose to take retaliatory measures. It prohibits the transfer of profits to Rome, he opposed the participation of French prelates at the Council of Trent and August 13, he declared war on the pope. Worried about breaking bound, Pope sought to reconcile in the month of October. The king enjoyed the support of the Parliament of Paris , always hostile to the interference of Rome in French affairs. Thus, in 1557 , it opposed the restoration of the Inquisition in the kingdom. The king's attachment to traditional religion does not prevent either to support the reformed princes of Germany and the alliance with Turkey, hereditary enemies of Christianity. Despite all the repressive edicts, known Protestantism in the late 1550s exponential growth that has never known. Accessions are multiplied in the nobility. Two princes of the blood, Antoine de Navarre and his brother Prince de Conde help disseminate new ideas by having such support as they move by ministers. The two brothers also participate in the celebrations of the Pre-aux-Clerics in Paris organized by the Protestants in May 1558 and involving hundreds of people. The first Reformed churches are being established and in May 1559, held the first national synod of the churches, the Faubourg Saint-Honore, who published the confession of faith of the French churches in 40 articles. " A movement born of sympathy within the court itself, in the entourage of the queen, the king's sister Margaret and the king himself with the nephews of Anne de Montmorency - Andelot Francis , Cardinal Chtillon and Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Like them, many gentlemen are reluctant loyalty to the king to display their beliefs. The increasing visibility of Protestantism emphasizes the uncompromising dislike of Catholics and reinforces tensions. In September 1557, a riot broke out at Paris Saint-Jacques, where Protestants had gathered. In September 1557, Henry II was the victim of an assassination attempt by a man called Caboche , quickly overpowered by the king's guard, and executed within hours of his arrest, without trial or examination. This readiness to execute the regicide leads to the conviction that the time was an attack sponsored by the Protestant party, without proof it could have been made. Henry II meets religious tensions with the Edict of couen , 2 June 1559 , which states that any Protestant revolt or escape will be shot and also appoints commissioners to pursue reform. Many of the parliamentarians and supporter of the Reformation and during the mercurial June 10, King embastillent those who openly criticize his policies. Most retracted their statements, with the exception of Anne du Bourg , who will be burned in the Place de Greve few months after the death of the king. Henry II is also a continuation of his father in his support for artistic and intellectual development, although less flamboyant. The novelty of the reign falls mainly in the staging of royal power , by the multiplication of royal entries and festivities. The monarchy is working together poets, architects, sculptors and painters to glorify the royal power on the occasion of Christmas ephemera. For royal entries, books are published to commemorate the memory of splendidly decorated doors, such as triumphal arches , sometimes accompanied by poems and played music to the passage of the king. It also uses silversmiths known for the luxury to take parade armor. This policy will be staged artistic cleverly taken to his death by his wife Catherine de Medici. Henry II changed the plans for development of the Louvre as designed a few years before the death of Francis I and confirm the architect Pierre Lescot at the head of the work. The choice of architect Henry II remains Philibert Delorme , the first to bear the title of architect of the King, who directs many projects in construction or redevelopment of castles ( Saint-Maur , Anet , Meudon ..) inventor of the French order. Still on an architectural plan, the reign of Henry II saw the arrival of the colossal order in France, introduced by Jean Bullant in the reconstruction of Castle couen or in the construction of the Petit Chteau de Chantilly and the Castel Nuovo Saint-Germain. The sculptures of the Lescot wing of the Louvre itself is the work of Jean Goujon , sculpeur of King Henry II. The other iconic sculptor of the sixteenth century,Germain Pilon is a specialty of funerary sculpture, with the construction of tombs and effigies of the kings of France. French literature is also enriched by the works of great writers like Michel de Montaigne and Etienne de la Boetie , and a new poetic movement, the Pleiades , with Pierre de Ronsard , Joachim du Bellay ... In 1555 , half a century after the discovery of Brazil by Cabral , Henri II supports the vice-admiral of Brittany Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon installing a French colony in Guanabara Bay , recognized five years ago by the browser and cartographer Guillaume Le Testu. Of Le Havre had installed a counter a few years earlier, similar to the current Cabo Branco , to provide the textile industry of Rouen in brazil (pau brasil in Portuguese), which is drawn a red dye. Accompanied by 600 settlers, founded the Villegagnon Antarctic France and built a village, Henryville, and Fort Coligny to defend access. Villegagnon, who launched his expedition with major recruiting problems and is facing defections due to his moral rigor that goes against carnal relations between settlers and Indian Tupinambas , Le Testu returns to France to solicit reinforcements. Admiral Gaspard de Coligny accesses the application, which reached its goal of a Protestant colony in the region. Three ships left Honfleur on 19 November 1556 on board with a group of reformers, including the Rev. Jean de Lery. The latter refers in his story , the continuing strife in the colony, including his clashes with Andre Thvet , monk Franciscan and chaplain of the expedition's original Villegagnon. Religious divisions of the community benefit from the Portuguese who, in 1560 , take and destroy Fort Coligny and sign the end of the first French adventure in South America . The first samples of tobacco ( tobacco or herb Angoulme) have been reduced in France by Andre Thvet during these trips, although the spread of the use of this plant is attributed to Jean Nicot , who brought back to Lisbon and extolled the healing properties to Catherine de Medici. The territorial extension made under Francis I, the short reign of Henry II and the relative success of his military campaigns, explains the low development of the territory of the Crown to the King's death. It should nevertheless mention the union of Brittany to France , actual knowledge of the coronation of Henry, Duke of Brittany already, although it is logically credited to Francis I. Italian territories and Savoy, as well as Corsica , are lost following the defeats of St. Quentin and Gravelines. The only success in this area are the annexation of the Three Dioceses in 1555 and the counties of Calais and Oye in 1558. Although long considered barren, Catherine de Medici to Henri II gives ten children, three of whom died in infancy: He also illegitimate children: June 30, 1559, at Paris near the present Place des Vosges , celebrating the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth with Philip II of Spain , he fought in a tournament of Gabriel Montgomery , captain of the Scottish Guard , who injure launches into a burst of the eye. Despite the care of physicians and surgeons whose royal Ambroise Pare , may reproduce the injury on Condemned to improve treatment, and Vesalius , sent from Brussels , he died in agony on 10 July 1559. Many astrologers have advised the king to avoid a single combat . The quatrain I-35 , by which Nostradamus would have anticipated the death of Henry II, is one of his most famous, but neither Nostradamus nor his contemporaries have connected the quatrain to the event : His monument called the Three Graces , erected in the chapel of the Church of Orleans Celestine monastery in Paris until the Revolution restrained his heart in the statue-reliquary (the copper vessel was replaced Restoration by a wooden copy). This monument is now preserved at the Muse du Louvre. His eldest son, aged 15, Francis II succeeded him. Ronsard was celebrated in the hymns of 1555. The poet had already written a preliminary entry of most Christian King to Paris for the grand entry of 16 June 1549. "It remains to be of good heart and not surprised at anything," written after the Battle of St. Quentin won by Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy. King of France
A new administration
A palace revolution
Administrative Policy
Financial Policy
Foreign relations
England
The Habsburg
The End of War in Italy
Recent clashes between Philip II and Henry II
Religious affairs
Suppression of Protestantism
Gallican Crisis (1551)
Expansion of Protestantism and growing tensions (1557-1559)
The arts
The New World
Lands meeting in the Crown
Progeny
Death and posterity
In a field of combat in single fight,
Golden cage in his eyes will burst,
Two classes can die a cruel death. " Citation
References
Source partial
Bibliography
See also
External Links
Additions
Preceded by Henry II of France Followed by Francis I 
King of France 1547-1559 Francis II Francis III Duke of Brittany 1536-1547 Duchy attached to the royal estate 
Sovereigns of Britain Kings and Heads of Britain Kings of the High Middle Ages Morvan Lez-Breizh (818) Wiomarc'h (822-825) Kings of Britain Nomino , Count of Vannes, Tad ar Vro (841-851) Erispoe (851-857) Solomon of Brittany (857-874) Gurwant (874-876) Pascweten (874-876) Judith of Rennes (876 -890) Alain, Earl of Vannes (876-890) Alain I. (890-907) Wrmalon (908-913) Norman rule Ragenold of Nantes , and Flcan Incon Nantes , Viking kings or chiefs of Nantes (913-937) William I of Normandy , Duke of Brittany and Normandy (Cotentin) (931-939) 
Arms of the Dukes from 1213 to 1316 
Banner used when the Third Crusade 
Arms of the Dukes from 1316 to 1514 Ducs de Bretagne House Nantes Alain II (937-952) Drogo (952-958) Fulk II of Anjou (958-960) Hoel I. (960-981) Gurech of Brittany (981-988) Alain de Bretagne (988 - 990) Rennes House Conan I. (980-992) Geoffrey I. (992-1008) Havoise Normandy , Duchess Dowager and regent (1008-1012) Alain III (1008-1040) Eon I. Penthivre , Regent (1040 - 1047) Conan II (1040-1066) Cornwall House Hoel II (1066-1084) Alain IV (1084-1112) Conan III (1112-1148) Hoel III , Son of Conan III, disinherited by his father (1148-1148) Eon II, Count of Porhot , Duke Regent (1148-1156) House Penthievre Conan IV (1156-1166) Constance of Brittany ( Henry II of England , the guardian of the duchy) (1166-1181) House of Plantagenet Geoffrey II (1181-1186) Constance de Bretagne , Regent (1186-1201) Arthur I. , (1201-1203) House of Thouars Guy de Thouars , Baillistre the Duchy of Brittany (1203-1213) Philippe Auguste , King of France (1206-1207) Alix , (1213-1221) Capetian house of Dreux Peter I. Mauclerc , Baillistre the Duchy of Brittany (1213-1237) John I le Roux (1237-1286) John II , (1286-1305) Arthur II (1305-1312) John III the Good (1312 -1341) War of Succession of Brittany House Penthievre Jeanne Penthivre & Charles de Blois (1341-1364) Montfort House Jean de Montfort (1341-1345) John IV (1345-1364) Ducs de Bretagne Montfort House John V the Conqueror (1364-1399) John V the Wise (1399-1442) Franois I (1442-1450) Peter II (1450-1457) Arthur III Avenger , the Constable de Richemont (1457-1458 ) Francis II (1458-1488) Anne of Brittany (1488-1514) Capetian House of Valois-Orlans Claude de France (1514-1524) Francis III (1524-1536) Henri de France (1536-1547) Dukes titrated Titrated N. of France (1704-1705) Louis of France (1707-1712) Courtesy title Franois de Bourbon (1973-1984)
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