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Henri Wallon 1879 1962

Henri Wallon (1879-1962)
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Biography
Birth 15 June 1879
Deaths 1December 1962 (83 years)
Nationality Flag of France French
University life
Training Medicine, Psychology, Philosophy
Associated Authors
Supporters Ren Zazzo , Philippe Meirieu
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Henri Wallon, born 15 June 1879 at Paris and died in that city on 1December 1962 , is a philosopher , psychologist , neuropsychiatrist, educator and politician French.

He was the grand-son of Henri Wallon (1812-1904) , whose contribution to the creation of the Third Republic did call the "Father of the Republic."

Summary

Biography

Born in Paris in 1879, his family - "Republican and a Catholic" - is from the North. It was like childhood friend Henry Pieron , with whom he spent the aggregation in philosophy. He died in 1962.

The psychologist

Entered the Normal School in 1899, he turned to psychology, where he became a student of Georges Dumas. It was after this journey he began studying medicine he closes in 1908 with a thesis on the delusion of persecution. He was mobilized as a doctor between 1914 and 1918 and is interested in neurology. He finished his doctorate in literature on the unruly child in 1925. He began his academic career in psychology and consultations in a community mental health center. In 1920, he was a lecturer at the Sorbonne , then became director of studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (1927) and creates the psycho-biology laboratory of the child. Among many academic positions, it is still possible to quote his appointment to the College de France. Moreover, it deals with children suffering from mental retardation (1908-1931). During WWII, he was banned from teaching by the Vichy government and was resistant. His two career politicians and scholars come together when he was appointed in 1944 secretary of the National Education and chair a commission to reform the educational lasting mark National Education under the name of the project Langevin-Wallon. Director of the Institute of Psychology at the University of Paris, he created in 1948 the magazine Childhood. He is chairman of the French Group of New Education from 1946 to his death in 1962.

The politician

Henri Wallon was a Marxist believes.

Theoretical positions

Henri Wallon organized its comments with the development of the personality of the child as a succession of stages. Some of these stages are marked by the predominance of the emotions over the intellect , while others appear rather characterized by the primacy of intelligence on emotional. It is in this competitive and discontinuous between the predominance of the intellect and the emotions that elaborated the personality of the child. Thus, Wallon articulates the heart of a dialectical model concepts such as the emotion , the attitude , the links to the other. Design stages brings up the idea that regression is possible, contrary to the model Piaget.

Here are the main steps:

  1. The impulsive phase (from 0 to three months). What dominates in life child, what are the sensations internal ( introceptives ) factors and emotional interviews with the entourage. On the engine, this period is characterized by low control motor and thus a sign language disorder. It is the quality of responses to the entourage of the infants that will allow it to pass the disorder sign to differentiated emotions.
  2. The emotional stage (from 3 months to 1 year). Emergence of a beginning of self-recognition through the eyes of others. Appearance of four emotions : the joy , the sorrow , the anger and pain.
  3. The sensorimotor stage and projective (1 to 3 years). What predominates while the child is the influence of the outside world. The integration of this external influence will promote the awakening of two types of intelligence: one practice, the manipulation of objects and body clean, the other "discourse", by the imitation and appropriation of language.
  4. The stage of personalism (3-6 years) is characterized by a predominance, again, features emotional on the intelligence. Around 3 years old the child tends to oppose the adult in a sort of crisis negativistic, but that attitude was soon followed by a period of imitation and social motive. The child expresses the ambivalence that binds to the prestigious model posed for him in adults.
  5. The categorical stage (6-11 years). Here are the intellectual faculties that seem to take precedence over the emotional. During his schooling, the child acquires the capacity of memory voluntary and attention. His intelligence access to training classes that lead to mental capacity of abstraction.
  6. The stage of adolescence begins after 11 years and is characterized by a primacy concern emotional.

Emile Jalley (1981) showed how Henri Wallon was a careful reader of scientific literature and German philosophy, how he helped to introduce and disseminate the theory of psychological concepts French Hegel and Freud , although Wallon was opposed to the concept adultocentr of infantile sexuality. In emphasizing the discontinuity and the notion of crisis that underlies this discontinuity, Henri Wallon showed himself faithful to the Hegelian thesis of the dialectic. It differs in that of Jean Piaget , which enhances rather, in his own description of the stages of child development, interactions at the expense of breaks. Henri Wallon was also a real influence on psychoanalysis in France and abroad. Emile Jalley showed he had taken certain observations or concepts in Freud's theoretical developments. In return, some psychoanalysts have appropriate observations, including Rene Spitz , Donald Winnicott and Jacques Lacan , the latter at least it before resuming the mirror stage.

Works

  • Delusions of persecution. Chronic delirium based on interpretation, Baillire, Paris, 1909
  • "Consciousness and subconscious life" in G. Dumas, New psychological treatise, PUF, Paris (1920-1921)
  • The unruly child, Alcan, Paris, 1925, repr. Quadriga-PUF, Paris, 1984 ( ISBN 2130384501 )
  • The origins of the character in children. The preludes of the feeling of personality, Boisvin, Paris, 1934, repr. Quadriga-PUF, Paris, 2002 ( ISBN 2130528171 )
  • Mental Life, Editions sociales, Paris, 1938, repr. 1982
  • Evolution child's psychological, A. Colin, Paris, 1941, repr. 2002, Ed: Armand Colin, 1941, repr. 2002 ( ISBN 2200263031 )
  • The act of thinking, Flammarion, Paris, 1942
  • The origins of thought in children, PUF, Paris, 1945, repr. 1963
  • Principles of Applied Psychology, Armand Colin, Paris, 1938
  • Fluctuation levels of the self, 1956, in the psychiatric Evolution , p. 607-617, Oct.-Dec. 2007, ( ISBN 2842998981 )

Bibliography

  • In Memoriam: Henri Wallon (1879-1962). French Review of Sociology, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1963), p. 11
  • Ren Zazzo , Psychology and Marxism: the life and work of Henri Wallon. Paris, Denol Gonthier, 1975.
  • Emile Jalley, Wallon reader Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget. Three studies followed texts Wallon on psychoanalysis , ditions La Dispute, coll. Land, 1981 ( ISBN 2209054060 )
  • Emile Jalley, Wallon: Mental Life, Editions sociales, Paris, 1982
  • Emile Jalley, Freud, Wallon, Lacan. The Child in the mirror, EPEL Editions, Paris, 1998
  • Serge Nicolas, Henri Wallon (1879-1962) at the College de France. Psychological Bulletin , 2003, vol. 56, no463, 105-119.
  • Reading of Henri Wallon, choice of texts. intr. H. Gratiot Alphandry social Editions, 1976 ( ISBN 2209052068 )

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