Hebrew Alphabet
| |
| Features | |
|---|---|
| Type | Abjad (sometimes used as the alphabet ) |
| Language (s) | Hebrew , Yiddish , Ladino , Judeo-Arabic |
| Direction | characters from right to left, lines from top to bottom |
| History | |
| Time | C. 200 BC. BC until today |
| System (s) parent (s) | Protocananen |
| Encoding | |
| Unicode | U 0590 to U +05 FF U + FB40 to U + FB1D |
| ISO 15924 | Hebr |
The alphabet, Hebrew (he) (haalefbet haivri) History of the Hebrew script The Archaeology shows that the ancient Hebrew script is close to the Phoenician script , which spread to the Middle East in the late second millennium BCE. During the exile in the sixth century BCE , the Jews have taken a more modern Jews to Babylon , which had inherited the Jews themselves Assyrian. It was the square alphabet which is still used today. According to Jewish tradition, their writing was formed at the time of Moses , although the role of Ezra is recognized for his contribution to the square script. Because the rating calculation is made with letters, as in Greek , Hebrew letters have numerical value, symbolic and mystic who is vividly illustrated by the Kabbalah. It is likely that if the form of 22 letters has evolved, their place in the alphabetical order has remained fixed since ancient roots. See Ugaritic alphabet. Despite the decline of the Hebrew and the Aramaic language as spoken Hebrew script remained in religious education and as a vehicle of Jewish languages such as Yiddish , the Jewish-Arab , the Judeo-Spanish , and other languages of the Diaspora. The writing was given to honor (as a carrier of natural languages ) during the revival of national consciousness and Hebrew language at the end of the nineteenth century and the recognition of language Hebrew as an official language since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 (where the other languages or varieties vernacular Hebrew of the Hebrew language are also spoken today by communities today very much alive, and cultural relations with the diaspora very important in the rest of the world). Some letters are experiencing a contextual variant at a word. It is a characteristic that is found for example in the alphabets Greek and Arabic. However, these variants were sometimes used to note differences and phonetic spelling, or preserved by tradition in compound words. For these reasons, the texts in Hebrew script should not be an automatic contextual variation between normal and final forms. The Hebrew script should be treated as if the final forms were separate letters to the orthographic level, supplementing the basic alphabet. This is not necessarily the case with other variations using the consonantal diacritics noted in the table below. The classical Hebrew course notes do not vowels , since it is a abjad , a consonantal alphabet. Signs diacritical points or nikkud, however, were added to facilitate the teaching and reading of sacred texts. There are also signs of cantillation and ornaments peculiar to the Torah. Similarly, the use of masters lectionis simplifies the reading, transforming the classic abjad alphabet (without using any other vowel diacritic). Thus, four basic letters of the alphabet (aleph , hey, waw or yodh) are semi-consonants (or semi-vowels from the point of view), which means they are used as consonants in basic writing, but also occasionally as vowels ( lectionis mater ) in some simplified spellings of the Hebrew language in Hebrew script normal other languages, like Yiddish (or Judeo-German ) and jddischdaitsch (or Judeo-Alsatian), they are used directly for transcription (much simplified) of their vowels, not necessarily appeal to the diacritical vowels of the Hebrew script (this requires the use of ligatures to these specific languages for some distinctions between the uses vowel spellings and consonnantaux). The four semi-consonants in Hebrew also have a contextual reading very often different, and a particular behavior on the placement of diacritic vowels can precede (and normally complete the basic letter above). These groups are named differently so use to describe this particular vowel in association with other "real" Hebrew vowel signs (not always noted, even if they are implicit). For the Yiddish alphabet, see Yiddish. For diacritical system of Galilee, see diacritics of the Hebrew alphabet. On the other hand, some letters may form ligatures them; these ligatures (three of them are used in Yiddish ) can be considered as additional letters (different letters that compose them in theory) as they are sometimes necessary certain distinctions spellings. Finally, the letters may also have slightly different graphic forms, such as alternative form of the letter ayin (the downward leg becomes horizontal) or expanded forms of certain letters (ie aleph) to facilitate the placement of diacritical (usually this does not change the semantics of the letter itself, nor the spelling of the word compared to its non-writing diacrite). Here are larger versions of the glyphs in each of 22 letters of the alphabet and basic variants of their final in a traditional style and a modern streamlined. The names given here to indicate letters to transliterate Latin recommended for Semitic scripts, followed by the more common spelling of French. (Aleppo) - Aleph (Beth) - Beth (Gimel) - Gimel (Dalet) - Dalet (he) - Heb (waw) - Vav (zayin) - Zayin (Het) - Het (Tet) - Tet (Yod) - Yod (KAP) - Kaf (KAP) - Kaf final (lamed) - Lamed (MEM) - Mem (MEM) - Mem final (Nun) - Nun (nun) - Nun final (Samek) - Samech ( ayin) - Ayin (PE) - Pe (PE) - Pe Final (BSA) - Tsadi (BSA) - Tsadi final (qop) - Qof (res) - Resh (SIN) - Shin (TAW) - Tav We traditionally transcribed the Hebrew alphabet in Latin script, Greek and Cyrillic as the transcription conventions of the Semitic languages , using the usual diacritical own these alphabets , while making normal use of the letters vowels which these alphabets have: the Hebrew vowel diacritics thus become the single most vowels, and diacritics Hebrew consonantal consonants often disappearing transcribed (including transcripts simplified adapted to Latin script languages where there is so frequent use of digraphs). Marks cantillation Hebrew (worthless phonological real) are generally not transcribed, except sometimes when they mark an important character at the semantic level (such as an emphasis , which may possibly be transcribed by a mark tone , a capital or more often punctuation ) or transcripts purely phonetic. It may be noted that the Hebrew alphabet base was not always used to write the Hebrew language: some old writings Masoretic sometimes replaced the basic letter of the Hebrew alphabet by the letters and ligatures base of the alphabet Arabic and other Semitic scripts (while keeping all other vowels and diacritical cantillation they created for the Hebrew alphabet!) for transcription of cursive scripture speaking Hebrew. The different signs that can be added to a letter: Writing Hebrew
Hebrew letters Aleph Beth / Veth Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Heth Teth Yod Kaf / Khaf Lamedh Mem Nun Samech Ayin Pe / Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin / Sin Tav Alphabet consonantal basic or extended (abjad) and phonetic values
Basic letter Revised letter Name Meaning Graphs Phonemes Variants Graphs final normal final normal aleph ox / / / / MAPIQ / l / ligation aleph-lamed beth or BET home / b / / v / dagesh soft Gimel or gimel or Ghimel camel / g / / / dagesh soft Dalet Dalet or daleth or door / s / / / dagesh soft he or HE praise / h / MAPIQ vav or waw nail / v / / u / dagesh soft / v w / ligation double-waw / v j / ligation waw-yod zayin or Zain weapon / z / dagesh hard Het or Het barrier / / tet or tt shield / t / dagesh hard Yud or Yod hand / j / / j / dagesh hard / j i / ligation double-yod kaf or Khaf or kaph palm / k / / / dagesh soft lamed lamed or stick / s / dagesh hard member or member waters / m / dagesh hard nun or noun snake / n / dagesh hard Samech or samech Support / s / dagesh hard ayin or H ain (h left the back of the throat) eye / / alternative pe or pe mouth / p / / f / or / / dagesh soft Tsada or Tsada hook / / dagesh hard qof or Qoph neck / k / dagesh hard resh or rough head / / dagesh hard shin or China tooth / ium, GentiumAlt 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Kaku Gothic Pro Hiragino', 'Matrix Unicode', sans-serif "> / or / s / dagesh hard , dagesh hard , dagesh hard Cross / t / / / or / s / dagesh soft Glyphs
Transcripts of the Hebrew scriptures in other
References
See also
Bibliography
Internal Links
Blocks of Unicode characters for the Hebrew script
External Links
Alphabets
Armenian Bassa Bamoun Bopomofo Braille Carian Cyrillic Etruscan Garay Greek Hangeul Gothic Latin (and extensions ) N'ko Orkhon Ugaritic Pahlavi Protosinatique Rune Tifinagh Consonant alphabets
Arab (and modifications ) Aramaic Demotic Hebrew Mandaean Nabataean Phoenician Syriac Alphasyllabaires
Ahom Tamil Alphabet Alphasyllabaire gujart Balinese Batak Baybayin Bengali Burmese Brahmi Sinhalese Devanagari Scripture 'Phags-pa Ethiopian Grantha Gurmukh Javanese Khmer Lao Malayalam Mandombe Meroitic Oriya Rejang Rencong Tagbanwa the Tai- Telugu Thai Tibetan Yi Primers
Cherokee Hiragana ) Inuktitut Katakana a href = "% C3% Kp A8ll% C3% A9_ (syllabary) & action = edit & RedLINK = 1" class = "new" title = "Kpelle ( syllabary) (non-existent page) "> Kpele Mende Syllabics Canadian Aboriginal Vai Ideographic scripts or related
Cuneiform Hieratic Egyptian Hieroglyphic Hieroglyphic Hittite Hieroglyph linear Maya Nsibidi Osscaille sinogram
Loading ...