Hagar
Agar (in Hebrew : - Hagar - Foreign, in Arabic : - Hajar - Here's your reward'') is the servant of Sarah and Abraham and mother of Ishmael.
Summary |
In the Bible , (Genesis 16 to 21 ) is Hagar the handmaid Egyptian of Sarah , Abraham's wife. Sarah gives Hagar to her husband since their marriage is so far fruitless. Hagar is pregnant. So Sarah, feeling diminished in the eyes of his servant, asks Abraham to judge between Hagar and her. Abraham leaves the judge humiliates Sarah Hagar and hunting. It survives in the desert thanks to divine help. The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar: "I will multiply your descendants so that one can not the count, as it will be large. He adds that a son by the name of Ishmael (Hebrew-ishma''l "God hears"), "because Yahweh has heard your humiliation." The location of this meeting is the well-Lakha roi ("the living who sees me"), and between Qads Bered. Abraham was 86 years old when Hagar bore Ishmael. Yahweh includes doubling Agar: by listening and by sight.
Hagar returned nearly Abraham and Sarah finally gave him a son Isaac. Ishmael and Isaac are raised together. But, at the request of Sarah, Hagar is driven out again, this time with his son, because Sarah does not inherit with Isaac Ishmael. Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. Again, God hears and sees the plight of Hagar: "I will make him a great nation." He opens his eyes she saw a well and saves his son's death. She then found him for a woman of Egypt.
In Islamic tradition
Hagar (Arabic: Hagar), like Sarah , is not directly mentioned by name in the Quran but its story is more detailed in the Muslim tradition and biblical scholars have to see the reference to certain chapters, especially in the Surah Ibrahim where Abraham refers to a part of his offspring that he established in Arabia : "O our Lord, I made some of my offspring in a valley without cultivation, by Your Sacred House . Its name in Arabic comes from the contraction would mean ha ajruka Here is your reward .
Hagar would be following a noble Egyptian family and is the progeny of Salih , one of the Prophet quoted by the Koran. His father was killed by a pharaoh named Dhu-l-`arsh then was captured and taken as a slave. Later, because of his royal blood, she was promoted to master the other slave women and the Pharaoh would have had access to the wealth of the pharaoh. Sarah , and first wife of Ibrahim and renowned for its beauty, attracts attention Pharaoh, who tries to abuse her. God intervenes and Pharaoh , paralyzed, unable to touch her. He went to Ibrahim and his wife offers him many gifts, but Ibrahim refused to accept offers to take Sarah to a servant of the four hundred young girls in his kingdom. Sarah Hagar choose following its conversion to the faith of Ibrahim and she appreciates his first meeting. However, another story of Islamic tradition suggests that it is Pharaoh who suggested to Ibrahim Agar believing that he was not married, since Ibrahim presented his wife as his sister, not his wife .
Sarah is barren, encouraged her husband to later unite with Hagar to have a child and had a son they named Ishmael ( Arabic : ) but Sarah is hunting Hagar and son Ishmael. According to Ibn Abbas , the birth of Ishmael, which caused different between Hagar and Sarah, and said she was still barren at that time.
Exile in the wilderness
Abraham took Hagar and her son in area called Paran-aram (Arabic: Faran) . "The goal of this trip was to reinstall Agar elsewhere rather than expel . Abraham left Hagar and Ishmael under a tree that would provide water . Agar, hearing that God had ordered Abraham to leave it in the wilderness of Paran , respected his decision . Muslims believe that God commanded Abraham to leave Hagar in order to test his obedience to God's commands . However, Hagar will soon run out of water, and Ishmael, who was a baby, began to agonize. Agar, according to Islamic tradition , panicked and wandered in the desert to find water. She began to climb two mountains close several times in order to find someone who can help or see if a caravan was passing away. After she had done this course seven times, a miraculous spring appeared at the feet of her baby, whose water flows abundantly from the earth. This source became known as the well of Zamzam and is located a few meters from the Kaaba in the Grand Mosque in Mecca .
Hagar had to endure this journey is given annually by Muslim pilgrims during the Hajj in Mecca during a specific day between Safa and Marwah (sa Iy race; efforts;).
The caravan, led by the birds that had identified the source of water, saw her. Agar who benefited from the source and become the owner, had the right to decide who uses it and who must move around. Tradition says that this is how the arid valley began to settle and people began to live there.
Ibrahim returned later in the Arabian desert to join his son Ishmael and Hagar. They went in an arid zone which contained the remains of the Kaaba , considered by Muslims to have once been built by Adam himself, but which was destroyed during the Flood in the days of Noah. Abraham and Ishmael were then responsible for restoring the sanctuary to allow believers to pray there until Mecca is reformed gradually.
Muhammad is the direct descendant of Ishmael, son of Ibrahim and Hagar, while Moses was a descendant of Isaac , son of Abraham and Sarah. Also found in the encyclopedia Lisan al-`Arab that one of the oldest Arab tribes named Banu of Hajar, whose descendants still exist today.
Hajj
Hagar's story developed into a ritual during the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and is known as its `i (from Arabic , running, effort, research). In the two Muslim pilgrimage (the Hajj and Umrah ` ), pilgrims have to walk between the two hills seven times in memory of the journey of Hagar, when she tried to find water for her son ran between two hills Safa and Marwah repeatedly. The rite symbolizes both the celebration of motherhood in Islam that the leadership of women .
To perform the rite, Muslims then drink Zamzam which Muslims often relate some of the sacred water .
Interpretations
Christianity
In the Epistle to the Galatians ( Gal 4 ), Paul of Tarsus refers to the biblical story as an allegory, where Hagar symbolize the Old Covenant , that of Jerusalem land doomed to servitude, whilst Sarah symbolize the New Covenant , that of the heavenly Jerusalem.
References
- Qur'an 2:37 p.m.
- Barbara Freyer Stowasser, Women in the Qur'an (Women in the Qur'an), Traditions and Interpretation, Oxford University Press U.S., 1996 47.
- a and b Fatani, Afnan H. (2006). Hajar. In Leaman, Oliver. The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Great Britain: Routeledge. pp. 234-236
- a , b and c `Aishah Abd al-Rahman, Anthony Calderbank (1999). Islam and the New Woman ( ). Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (19): 200.
- a , b and c Firestone, Reuven (1992). "Abraham's Journey to Mecca in Islamic Exegesis: A Form-Critical Study of a Tradition". Studia Islamica (76): 15-18.
- Schussman, Aviva (1998). "The Legitimacy and Nature of Mawid al-Nabi: (Analysis of a Fatwa). Islamic Law and Society 5 (2): 218.
- Book in Arabic dating from the thirteenth century written by Ibn Manzur
- Delaney, Carol (August 1990), The "hajj": Sacred and Secular. American Ethnologist 17 (3): 515.
Loading ...