Gothic Alphabet

Gothic

Sample text in Gothic script
Features
Type	Alphabet
Language (s)	Gothic
History
Time	At 300, declining to 500
System (s) parent (s)	Mainly Greek , with influences Latin and runic Gothic
Encoding
ISO 15924	Goth

The Gothic alphabet is an alphabet used exclusively to denote the Gothic language of Wulfila , the and various manuscripts in Gothic language. This is probably an original alphabet invented by Wulfila itself and has nothing to do with what is commonly called the " Gothic ", which are, themselves, the letters of the Latin alphabet as written West in the manuscripts of the ^twelfth to ^fourteenth centuries , later became what is referred to in Germany to as Fraktur.

Summary 1 Certificates 2 Letters 2.1 History 2.2 Transcription / transliteration 2.3 List of graphemes 2.4 Difficulties of interpretation 3 Other signs 4 Example of text in Gothic 5 Miscellaneous 6 Bibliography 7 Notes and references 8 Related articles

/ / Certifications

This alphabet has been used mainly in ^the sixth century AD in two later manuscripts to Wulfila (who lived in the late ^fourth century ), Codex Ambrosianus and the Codex argenteus. Other documents attest, profane and sacred, and the final texts are dated ^ninth century (at a time when language was spoken most likely). The Gothic alphabet was not only possible to write this language: there are also some inscriptions in runes Germanic.

Details can be found in the main article.

Letters

History

The Gothic alphabet is mainly an adaptation of the Greek alphabet (in its spelling uncial ), together with three characters of the Latin uncial and five borrowed rune Germanic (based on current interpretation). ^{Transcription / transliteration}

We transliterates in the scientific literature and teaching through a part of the transcript of Germanists (that is to say by the Latin alphabet plus two special characters , including the ligature , (h + v) and the letter thorn , , borrowed from Old English ; Wulfila notation is often ambiguous (same digraph can have, for example, note List of graphemes

Shown here the type S in the alphabet .

Glyph	Name	Transliteration	Numerical value	Etymon	Unicode
	ahsa	has	1
	bairkan	b	2
	Giba	g	3
	dags	d	4
	aihvus	e	5
	qairthra	q	6	(?)
	iuja	z	7
	Hagl	h	8	h
	thiuth	(th)	9
	eis	i	10
	KUSMI	k	20
	Lagus	l	30
	manna	m	40
	Nauth	n	50
	jer	j	60
	urus	u	70
	pairthra	p	80
	ninety	-	90
	Raida	r	100	R
	sauil	s	200	S
	teiws	t	300
	Winja	w	400
	faihu	f	500
	iggws	x	600
	hwair	(hw)	700
	othal	o	800
	Nine hundred	-	900

( picture version )

Notes:

• gives the etymon said the Greek letter (in its spelling uncial) behind the Gothic letter. Those inherited from the Germanic runes are on a blue background, those that are borrowed from Latin on a purple background.

Difficulties of interpretation

The proposed etymons are only conjectures representing the current interpretation of the origin of Gothic letters: indeed, several possibilities exist regarding the origin of some, like Which could also come runes, especially since these runes are partly built on the Latin alphabet.

The origin of the letter raises problems of interpretation. It can be traced back to Koppa Greek spelling in its uncial , This does raise a paradox: the numeral sign clearly from the uncial Koppa, it is unclear how two different routes could arise from a single etymon. The most efficient seems to be to derive the letter of stigma in the spelling uncial (Currently ) (which replaced the digamma ), whose plot is very close Koppa uncial and would explain the striking similarity between the letter and the sign . Both have evolved along the same simplifications (see the article on the Gothic counts for more details on the sign for 90). In this case, Wulfila did not use the letter in respect of any value since the phonetic notes / st / (and replaces an old digamma worth / w /) but used an available slot in the alphabet Greek numeral (Stigma is a ligature, not an abbreviation letter) to add a full letter whose pronunciation was unknown to the Greek Byzantine while maintaining its value numeral. Latin uncial letter Q may also be the cause of this letter, but this hypothesis is less convincing.

On the other hand, the signs for 90 ( ) And 900 ( ) Are derived from the Greek: they are avatars of letters archaic Greek Kopp and frit preserved in Greek numerals , letters, having lost their status as literal characters, were deformed during the Byzantine era, to the point that the 'we got form the current through Which gives and that we arrived at through a spelling (In fact, the passage of a graph to another is more complex) that explains the letter gothic .

Some scholars, including Ernst Hebbinghaus (see bibliography), we can derive consider all letters of the Greek uncial. If this assumption can be checked for , Which is traditionally derives from the rune but that could be interpreted as adaptation (Derivation phonetically as possible in Byzantine Greek was pronounced Other signs

The Gothic alphabet is unicameral (it does not differentiate between capitals and lowercase) and written in scriptio continued, that is to say that all words are attached, without space between them.

Is placed in the manuscripts an umlaut on the i when the letter is the initial word, the initial of a syllable after vowel (to distinguish it from a diphthong, true or false, indicating that the n i ' not belong to the preceding syllable): ik ('I', cf. German ich) gaddja (ga-iddja, "I passed" of ga-gaggan preterite).

Superscript indicates the line of abbreviations: gth represents Guth ("God", cf. God English).

As for punctuation, manuscripts using the midpoint "` and the colon ":" as indicators of breaks. Sometimes, space plays this role. When letters are used as symbols numerals , they are surrounded midpoints or highlighted and / or underlined.

The Gothic alphabet is now included in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane of Unicode , locations at 10,330 U 1034 U F.

On the other hand, some inscriptions are written using the runes Germanic.

Sample text in Gothic

The following is coded directly, it may be unreadable because it requires that the system supports multilingual Unicode plan and that additional police with gothic characters is installed (for details, see the site Alan Wood ).

These are verses 1 and 2 of Chapter 18 of the Gospel of John.

(Punctuation and spaces added in the transcript for easy reading)

"When Jesus had said this, he went with his disciples on the banks of Kedron, where there was a garden in which he entered with his disciples. Judas, who betrayed him, knew the place because Jesus and his disciples gathered there often. "

Here is the same text in image:

Miscellaneous

• Bibliography

  Besides the works mentioned in the bibliography of the article on the Gothic , we can also refer to:

  • "The Gothic Alphabet Ernst Ebbinghaus in the World's Writing Systems, edited by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996;
  • illustration 25 of the Vergelijkende taalwetenschap ("Comparative Grammar References

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