Germaine Tillion

Germaine Tillion, born 30 May 1907 in Allegre ( Haute-Loire ) and died on 19 April 2008 at Saint-Mande ^Biography

His father Lucien Tillion is a magistrate, and his mother is the writer Emilia Cussac, known by the name of Emilie Tillion.

Ethnology of Chaouis

Germaine Tillion trained as an anthropologist with Marcel Mauss and Louis Massignon. Degree in letters, she graduated from the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes , the Ecole du Louvre , and the INALCO. Between 1934 and 1940 , as part of her thesis , she made four trips to Algeria to study the ethnic Berber from Chaouis present in the Aures.

The internal resistance

Back in France when the armistice of 1940 , his first act of resistance is to give the papers of his family to a Jewish family that will be well protected until the end of the war . After the arrests and executions of Boris Vilde , Anatole Lewitzky , the arrest of Paul Hauet (she is assistant from 1940), Germaine became head of the network resistance from 1941 to 1942 , later approved as the group Museum of Man. After the war, his rank will be validated by the rank of commander. The network works in the escape of prisoners and intelligence. Lecompte Boinet-friendly, it is in contact with Combat Zone North. Almost all his comrades had been arrested, she turns to a group relations with the British services, the network Gloria.

It analyzes that resistance was conducted in the emergency room: what the networks are not seeking volunteers but volunteers seeking organizations. Resistance should organize escapes, inform the population subjected to Nazi propaganda and support the English .

The Verfgbar in Hell

Denounced by Father Robert Alesch , Germaine Tillion was arrested on 13 August 1942 and deported on October 21 1943 at Ravensbrck. She lost her mother, writer Emily, great tough, deported in 1944 and gassed in March 1945. During his internment camp, she wrote a book carefully hidden, an operetta The Verfgbar in Hell (the "Verfgbar - verfgbar = available - were deported and subjected to bullying by refusing drudgery of work) where it mixes with texts describing humorously harsh prison conditions, popular tunes from the repertoire or popular. It will be staged for the first time in 2007, the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris .

She avoids death by escaping in a convoy to the camp of Mauthausen through hospitalization and complicity. Negotiations between Heinrich Himmler and the Swedish diplomat Folke Bernadotte allow survivors of Ravensbrck which Germaine Tillion be treated in Sweden .

The Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes

After the war, she devoted herself to work on the history of World War II (survey of war crimes Nazis on concentration camps Soviet between 1945 and 1954 ) and then Algeria. She argued in France teaching in prisons. Director of studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes , she completed twenty scientific missions in North Africa and the Middle East.

Algeria

She returned to Algeria in 1954 for an observer mission and participates in the creation of social centers : its many research works during his career at CNRS and the EHESS focus on Mediterranean societies.

In Algiers on 4 July 1957 , she met secretly Yacef Saadi , head of the Autonomous Zone of Algiers (ZAA) during the Battle of Algiers , at the instigation of the latter, to try to end the spiral of executions and indiscriminate attacks .

After Algeria

After the war Algeria , she became involved in various political struggles:

• homelessness against the Algerian people;
• cons of torture in Algeria;
• for the emancipation of women in the Mediterranean, which have economic obligation by having many children but also the son preference on girls .

His seminar Maghreb ethnology at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes remained a reference.

In 1999 she was elevated to the dignity of Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour , one among six women, with Genevieve de Gaulle , Valrie Andr , Jacqueline de Romilly , Simone Rozes and Christiane Desroches Noblecourt.

In 2004 , she launched with other French intellectuals appeal against torture in Iraq.

She died on Saturday 19 April 2008 at his home in Saint-Mande (Val-de-Marne) in its ^101st year.

Thought

Germaine Tillion believes that everyone must remain vigilant against the evil that may come back: "After my course I realize how man is fragile and malleable. Nothing is ever granted. Our duty of care must be absolute. Evil may return at any moment, he broods over and we must act when there is still time to prevent the worst . For her the Nazis is the incarnation of evil .

Germaine Tillion think the hatred between two communities comes from a lack of space, and the challenge of the XXI ^century is the survival of humanity constantly growing on a planet with limited resources, what man comes to just be aware .

Tributes and Memory

• The Museum of Man honored him with the exhibition Germaine Tillion: Ethnologue and resistant (May 30, 2008 to September 8, 2008) .
• The General Council of Ille-et-Vilaine named its college of The Mzire named Germaine Tillion December 18, 2008 ^,
• At Sain-Bel in the Rhone , the school of the country is named Germaine Tillion Arbresle and opened March 6, 2009 .
• The promotion of 43 senior public management of the INET (Institute of Territorial Studies) 2009/2010 took the name of promoting Germaine Tillion February 13, 2009.
• In September 2006, the College of Aussonne in Haute-Garonne Germaine Tillion was baptized.
• At Lardy in the Essonne , the college inaugurated June 13, 2009 is referred to as college Germaine Tillion, .
• Promoting 59 police commissioners of the ENSP (National School of Police) was renamed the 2007/2009 promotion Germaine Tillion, June 23, 2009 .
• Company Lanicolacheur made a show called Once Upon a Time Germaine Tillion , presented including the 12 to 22 March 2010 at Theatre of the Auction of Marseille .
• The University of South Brittany inaugurated April 24, 2007 an amphitheater named Germaine Tillion .
• The library of Saint-Maur-des-Fosses ( Val-de-Marne ) took the name "Germaine Tillion library" November 7, 2008 .
• Library Trocadero in Paris, which owns a fund specializing in travel and tourism, received in September 2010 the name of Germaine Tillion .

Films

Several movies have been devoted to Germaine Tillion:

• G. Tillion: The Republic of Cousins, 1974, Francis Boucher, Jacques Kbadian Michel Anthonioz
• Germaine Tillion, Du cote de chez Fred, 1990, Michel Hermant
• Sisters in the Resistance, 2000, Maia Wechsler (USA)
• I remember 2001, Jean Baronet, Colette Castagno
• Forgotten images of Germaine Tillion, 2001, Barbara Augustine, Francis Gauducheau
• The Three Lives of Germaine Tillion, 2001, Gilles Combet, Jean Lacouture
• The youth of a centenarian, a consciousness in the century, 2001-2002, IDEMEC Christian Bromberger
• ^The 100th anniversary of Germaine Tillion, 2007, Lea Todorov
• Verfgbar in the Underworld, France, 2007, 58 min, David Unger
• Where there is danger, you will find, 2007, Miriam Grossi, Carmen Rial, UFSC-Brazil
• Germaine and Genevieve Isabelle Gaggini-Anthonioz, Jacques Kbadian

Honors

• Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor (Decree of 13 July 1999)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Merit
• Croix de guerre 1939-1945
• Resistance Medal with rosette
• Medal of deportation for acts of resistance
• Grand Cross of Merit, Germany (2004)
• Cino Del Duca Prize World (1977)
• Grand Prix of humor Resistance posthumously awarded the association's House of Laughter and Comedy in Cluny (2010)

Publications

• Fragments of Life (2009)
• War fighting and peace (2007)
• An operetta in Ravensbrck, Editions de La Martiniere, 2005, Editions du Seuil (coll. Points), 2007: includes text of Verfgbar in Hell, preface by Tzvetan Todorov , presentation by Claire Andrieu
• In search of truth and right. About broken the century (2001)
• The Algeria aursienne in collaboration with Nancy Woods (2001)
• It was once ethnography (biography) (2000)
• Additional enemies (1958)
• Ravensbrck (1988)
• The Harem and cousins (1966)
• Algeria in 1957 (1956)
• Africa switches to the Future (1959)

Biographies

• Martin Blumenson, The Network of the Muse de l'Homme, Editions Seuil, Paris, 1979
• Jean Lacouture , The Evidence is a struggle: a biography of Germaine Tillion, Seuil, 2000
• Nancy Wood, Germaine Tillion, a woman list: Algeria one to the other, other, 2003
• Edited by Tzvetan Todorov, The Century of Germaine Tillion, Seuil, 2007
• Douglas Martin, Germaine Tillion, French Anthropologist and Resistance Figure, Dies at 100. Obituary, The New York Times, Friday, April 25, 2008, p. B7.
• Germaine Tillion, edited by Tzvetan Todorov, Fragments of Life, Seuil , 2009 , ( ISBN 978-2020996815 )

Documentaries

• Forgotten images of Germaine Tillion Francis Gauducheau France, 2001 , color, 52 min

The anthropologist Germaine Tillion and resistant, 92 years, has just discovered in the archives of photographs taken in the Aures Massif, Algeria, where it made its first missions in the 1930s. The photos reveal a lost world, but mostly they illuminate the life, thought and personality of this woman who was one of the great witnesses of the twentieth ^century.

• Germaine Tillion, a consciousness in the century by Christian Bromberger, 2002 , color, 28 min

Germaine Tillion interview with Christian Bromberger, a professor at the University of Provence and Thierry Fabre, head of the Euro-Mediterranean pole of Mediterranean House of Human Sciences

Watch the movie on TV Campus Provence

References